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From gifting a hat to tossing them onto the rink, a history of hat tricks in sports

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From gifting a hat to tossing them onto the rink, a history of hat tricks in sports

A hat tossed onto the hockey rink after a hat trick was scored.

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The men’s hockey tournament at the 2026 Milan Cortina Games is underway and many fans are hoping to see the exciting feat of scoring three goals in a single game, better known as a hat trick.

“ I’m curious to see over in Italy for the Olympics, if we’ll see a hat trick to begin with, and then second will people throw their hats?” said Ty Di Lello, a hockey historian based in Winnipeg, Canada.

The international sporting event will mark the return of National Hockey League players after a 12 year absence. It comes as the NHL set a new record for the most hat tricks in a single month this January.

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Hat tricks have a rich history in the world of hockey, but it didn’t start there. In fact, the phrase originated in cricket and spread to many sports, including soccer, darts and horse racing.

In this installment of NPR’s Word of the Week series, we trace hat trick’s some 150-year-history and why it’s particularly special on a hockey rink.

How ‘hat trick’ was coined in cricket

In cricket, a hat trick refers to the dismissal of three batters by the same baller with three successive balls. Rodney Ulyate, a spokesperson for the Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians, compares it to when a pitcher in baseball gets three consecutive strikeouts.

“I gather it’s a very common thing in baseball. I think you call it a no hit inning,” he said. “But in cricket, trust me, it is vanishingly rare.”

A gentleman playing cricket, depicted in a drawing by John C. Anderson from 1860.

A gentleman playing cricket, depicted in a drawing by John C. Anderson from 1860.

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Now, it remains unclear who coined hat trick, but its origin did indeed involve headwear.

In the 19th century, there were reports in British newspapers of cricketers being given a hat after achieving what is now known as a hat trick. Ulyate said at the time, cricketers earned very little for competing, so their pay was often supplemented with material prizes like bats, balls and watches.

By 1874, hat trick was the common term for taking three wickets in three consecutive balls — beating out expressions “hat feat” and “bowling a gallon.” The latter stemmed from some cricketers being awarded a gallon of beer.

“ I must say that given the quantities of beer that cricketers are notorious for drinking … it’s surprising that ‘bowling a gallon’ didn’t take off,” Ulyate said.

It’s also a mystery why “cap trick” didn’t catch on since cricket players commonly wore caps, Ulyate added.

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Over the years, cricketers were gifted all kinds of headwear, from a straw hat to a green felt, feathered Tyrolean hat. While the phrase hat trick remains in cricket, hat prizes themselves began to disappear in the early 1900s, during the interwar period.

“It’s pretty hard to imagine today that any millionaire cricketer would be very impressed by the gift of a hat,” Ulyate said.

An ice crew member cleans hats off the ice after a hat trick by David Pastrnak #88 of the Boston Bruins during the third period against the Seattle Kraken at Climate Pledge Arena on Feb. 26, 2024 in Seattle, Washington.

An ice crew member cleans hats off the ice after a hat trick by David Pastrnak #88 of the Boston Bruins during the third period against the Seattle Kraken at Climate Pledge Arena on Feb. 26, 2024 in Seattle, Washington.

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Hat trick’s special place in hockey 

In hockey, a hat trick not only refers to scoring three goals or more in a single game, but it’s often followed by spectators hurling their beanies, caps and other headwear onto the rink.

Like in cricket, the phrase hat trick in hockey also began with a free hat. But who exactly introduced the term? Well, that’s up for debate between two hat shops in Canada — Sammy Taft: World Famous Hatter store in Toronto and Henri Henri in Montreal. In both origin stories, the owners began gifting hockey players a hat from their store as a marketing opportunity.

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Co-founder of Henri Henri, Jean-Maurice Lefebvre (R), shakes hands with Montreal Canadiens coach Elmer Lach (L) on the rink of the Montreal Forum, in 1947.

Co-founder of Henri Henri, Jean-Maurice Lefebvre (R), shakes hands with Montreal Canadiens coach Elmer Lach (L) on the rink of the Montreal Forum, in 1947.

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“Once that connection between three goals and hats was established, fans basically took it over themselves,” said Di Lello who has written about hat tricks.

“That probably started happening gradually in the late ’40s and ’50s as hockey crowds got bigger and traditions started forming,” he added.

Marie Lansiaux, assistant hatter at Henri Henri, said at the time, spectators who flung their hats onto the ice would go retrieve their headwear at a counter after the game.

That gave the owner of Henri Henri another idea: hand out cards that can be tucked into a hat’s sweatband. On one side, the card listed the schedule of the Montreal Canadiens games, while the other side read “Like Hell it’s yours! Put it back and try another.”

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“And you could write your name on the card and prove that it was your hat, so that way nobody could pinch your hat out of the boxes,” Lansiaux said.

Nico Hischier #13 of the New Jersey Devils is congratulated by teammates on the bench after he scored a hat trick on Nov. 25, 2024 in Newark, New Jersey.

Nico Hischier #13 of the New Jersey Devils is congratulated by teammates on the bench after he scored a hat trick on Nov. 25, 2024 in Newark, New Jersey.

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Nowadays, the tossed hats are given to the player who scored the hat trick, or they are put on a display in the foyer of the arena, according to Philip Pritchard, vice president and curator of the Hockey Hall of Fame.

“It’s a great unwritten rule in the game of hockey,” he said.

Pritchard added that while other sports have abandoned the free hat tradition, the fact that hockey fans have kept it alive speaks to what he loves most about the game: its reverence to tradition.

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“The hat trick is just another part of it and another story on why the human side of the game really shows in the game of ice hockey,” he said.

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Man accused in Molotov cocktail attack of OpenAI CEO’s home charged with attempted murder

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Man accused in Molotov cocktail attack of OpenAI CEO’s home charged with attempted murder

Matt Cobo, F.B.I. San Francisco Acting Special Agent in Charge ( right) speaks next to San Francisco Police Chief Derrick Lew (second from right) and San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins (third from right) during a news conference Monday, April 13, 2026, in San Francisco.

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SAN FRANCISCO — The man accused of throwing a Molotov cocktail at OpenAI CEO Sam Altman’s home had written about AI’s purported risk to humanity and traveled from Texas to San Francisco intending to kill Altman, authorities said Monday.

Authorities allege 20-year-old Daniel Moreno-Gama threw the incendiary device about 4 a.m. Friday, setting an exterior gate at Altman’s home alight before fleeing on foot, police said. Less than an hour later, Moreno-Gama allegedly went to OpenAI’s headquarters about 3 miles (4.83 kilometers) away and threatened to burn down the building.

Moreno-Gama is opposed to artificial intelligence, writing about AI’s purported risk to humanity and “our impending extinction,” according to a federal criminal complaint.

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“This was not spontaneous. This was planned, targeted and extremely serious,” said FBI San Francisco Acting Special Agent in Charge Matt Cobo during a press conference.

No one was injured at Altman’s home or the company offices, authorities said.

Moreno-Gama faces state and federal charges

Moreno-Gama faces charges including two counts of attempted murder and attempted arson in California state court, San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins. He tried to kill both Altman and a security guard at Altman’s residence, she alleged. He is set to appear in court Tuesday, and online state court records do not yet show if he has an attorney.

Jenkins said the state charges carry penalties ranging from 19 years to life in prison.

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On Monday morning, FBI agents went to Moreno-Gama’s home in Spring, Texas, a suburb of Houston, where they spent several hours before leaving. He has been charged by federal prosecutors with possession of an unregistered firearm and damage and destruction of property by means of explosives. Those charges carry respective penalties of up to 10 years and 20 years in prison.

The federal court documents do not list an attorney for Moreno-Gama, and he has not yet had his first appearance in federal court.

Authorities allege Moreno-Gama traveled from his home in Texas to San Francisco and visited Altman’s home early Friday morning.

Authorities say Moreno-Gama was opposed to artificial intelligence

When Moreno-Gama was arrested Friday, officials found a document on him in which he “identified views opposed to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the executives of various AI companies,” court documents say. The document discussed AI’s purported risk to humanity and “our impending extinction,” according to the criminal complaint.

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Surveillance video images included in the criminal complaint show a person dressed in a dark hoodie and pants that the FBI alleges is Moreno-Gama approaching the driveway of Altman’s home. In various images, the person can be seen tossing the Molotov cocktail, which landed at the top of a metal gate and started a small fire.

Surveillance video images from outside OpenAI’s headquarters allegedly show Moreno-Gama grabbing a chair and using it to hit a set of glass doors. Authorities said Moreno-Gama was approached by the building’s security personnel, who told investigators he “stated in sum and substance” that he came to the headquarters “to burn it down and kill anyone inside,” according to the complaint.

San Francisco police arrested Moreno-Gama and recovered “incendiary devices, a jug of kerosene, a blue lighter, and a document.” Moreno-Gama was being held Monday in the San Francisco County Jail on the state charges, and was expected to appear in court on Tuesday.

U.S. Attorney Craig Missakian said authorities “will treat this as an act of domestic terrorism, and together with our partners, prosecute him to the fullest extent of the law.”

Authorities say Moreno-Gama’s anti-AI document contained threats against Altman

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The document in which Moreno-Gama discussed his opposition to AI also made threats against Altman, officials said.

“Also if I am going to advocate for others to kill and commit crimes, then I must lead by example and show that I am fully sincere in my message,” Moreno-Gama is alleged by authorities to have written in the document.

Advocacy groups that have issued grave warnings about AI’s risks to society condemned the violence.

Anthony Aguirre, president and CEO of the Future of Life Institute, said in a written statement Friday that “violence and intimidation of any kind have no place in the conversation about the future of AI.”

Another group, PauseAI, said in a statement that the suspect had no role in the group but joined its forum on the social media platform Discord about two years ago and posted about 34 messages there, none containing explicit calls to violence but one that was flagged as “ambiguous.”

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Discord said Monday that it has banned Moreno-Gama for “off-platform behavior.”

Altman addressed the threats in a blog post

Hours after the attack on his house, Altman posted a photo of his husband and their toddler in a blog post addressing the threats against him.

“Normally we try to be pretty private, but in this case I am sharing a photo in the hopes that it might dissuade the next person from throwing a Molotov cocktail at our house, no matter what they think about me,” Altman wrote.

He added that “fear and anxiety about AI is justified” but it was important to “de-escalate the rhetoric and tactics and try to have fewer explosions in fewer homes, figuratively and literally.”

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Altman has become a preeminent voice in Silicon Valley on the promise and potential dangers of artificial intelligence. The attack comes days after The New Yorker published an in-depth investigation that touched on concerns some people have about him and the company.

Debate about the impact of AI is growing

The attack came at a time of growing debate about the societal effects of AI assistants like OpenAI’s ChatGPT that millions of people are turning to for information, advice, writing help and to do work on their behalf.

An annual report published Monday by Stanford University called the AI index found that most people believe AI’s benefits outweigh its drawbacks, “but nervousness is growing and trust in institutions to manage the technology remains uneven.”

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