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Nebraska wildfires threaten beef herds as smoke raises health risks for people, calves

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Nebraska wildfires threaten beef herds as smoke raises health risks for people, calves


Wildfires burning in western and central Nebraska are part of a broader trend of increasing wildfire frequency and magnitude across the western United States, and the fallout can extend beyond burned pastures and damaged infrastructure. In addition to immediate losses to beef production and rural communities, wildfire smoke may pose risks to both human and animal health, leaving producers to watch calves closely in the weeks and months after a fire.

Wildfire smoke is produced when biomass burns, generating carbon dioxide and water vapor along with ash made up of inorganic compounds. Of particular concern is ultrafine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers, which can travel deep into lung alveoli and enter the bloodstream. In humans, these particles have been associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.

Research on wildfire smoke exposure in cattle is limited, but a study by Ranches and others (2026) involving a small group of Simmental × Jersey calves found increased concentrations of cortisol, an indicator of stress, after exposure to smoke from a wildfire about 10 miles from the study site. The same study reported elevated ceruloplasmin, a marker of systemic inflammation, following the wildfire event. Antibodies, including IgM and IgA, were also increased, suggesting activation of the immune system.

Physiological stress and inflammation can hurt cattle performance and immune function, potentially making calves more susceptible to respiratory pathogens. In bovine respiratory disease, opportunistic bacterial pathogens such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis are normally present at low levels in healthy calves. But when viral infection or physiological stress suppresses immune function, these bacteria can multiply in the respiratory tract, leading to illness, reduced performance and, in some cases, death.

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Because stressors such as wildfire smoke may increase disease susceptibility, producers are urged to monitor calves for early signs of illness. One approach is the D.A.R.T. method:

Depression: Watch posture and behavior. Droopy ears or head carriage, lethargy, more time spent lying down and separation from pasture mates can signal illness. Because cattle tend to hide sickness, subtle changes may be easier to spot after calves become accustomed to a person’s presence.

Appetite: Reduced appetite at the feed bunk or during nursing can indicate a health challenge. On pasture, reduced gut fill compared with herdmates can also suggest decreased intake.

Respiration: Healthy cattle typically take 10 to 30 breaths per minute. An increased respiratory rate, shallow breathing or abnormal sounds such as coughing or raspy breathing may indicate respiratory disease. Nasal discharge or excessive eye secretions may also accompany illness.

Temperature: Rectal temperatures of about 103.5 to 104 degrees or higher can indicate fever and warrant further attention.

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Early detection and treatment can improve the likelihood of recovery and help reduce performance losses tied to respiratory disease. Producers are encouraged to remain vigilant in the weeks and months after smoke exposure to help limit adverse health outcomes.



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Nebraska Public Service Commission approves controversial transmission line through the Sandhills

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Nebraska Public Service Commission approves controversial transmission line through the Sandhills


The Nebraska Public Service Commission on Tuesday approved a heavily disputed 220-mile Nebraska Public Power District transmission line through the Sandhills.

Commissioners were briefed that the limited scope of the vote wouldn’t stop the so-called R Project, but only delay it. It passed by a count of 3-1, with one commissioner present not voting.

Christian Mirch, representing eastern Douglas County, didn’t vote. Kevin Stocker, who represents Grand Island and everything to the west, voted against the project.

“I recognize that the Nebraska Public Service Commission has limited authority over transmission line projects and is not responsible for establishing Nebraska’s overall energy policy,” Stocker said, “but since this permit requires a vote from commissioners, I will state the reasons for my opposition. First and foremost, the entire project is in my district, and currently the project does not have total support from the landowners who will be directly impacted.”

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Stocker said changing national energy policy and NPPD considering a nuclear power station raises questions about the $800 million R Project. He called on the utility to perform an updated assessment of the plans.

Amy Ballheh lives and ranches near Burwell. Fire sparking is a concern, and the record-breaking wildfires this spring are evidence of the risk, Ballheh said during the public comment period.

“When these lines are put up out in the middle of nowhere, the fire gets started before you can hardly see it, and then you can’t get to them because the hills are too sandy,” Ballheh said. “There’s too many low, wet grounds. It’s just very, very difficult, so that is a big concern to have it out in that grassland.”

Many landowners have not signed agreements with NPPD. Landowners cite the fragile nature of the Sandhills and how the project could endanger the whooping crane and American burying beetle.

Trent Lewis of Sherman County said the Sandhills are a key part of one of the largest grasslands in the world. He’s a co-op owner of NPPD but said the power company’s plan doesn’t add up.

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“In the name of net carbon zero, [NPPD] wants to bring concrete, steel, and heavy machinery into the second-largest carbon sequestration area of the world and somehow believe that we’re making progress,” Lewis said. “Making progress for who and what?”

The Sandhills are “the Great Plains’ largest and most unspoiled grassland ecosystem,” a University of Nebraska-Lincoln article said in 2024.

The commission’s legal team said NPPD provided all the necessary infrastructure waivers with phone, internet and railroad companies nearby to move forward. Its attorney said the Public Service Commission is statutorily required to approve projects that meet requirements, like the R Project has.

This is the latest news in a 13-year case that’s heading to court for the second time, after permits were vacated following the first case in 2020.

A nonprofit called Preserve The Sandhills and the Rosebud Sioux Tribe of South Dakota seek a preliminary injunction in the U.S. Civil Court of Denver, where U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service personnel named in the case are based. The Fish and Wildlife Service approved a permit application filed by NPPD, which outlined a plan to minimize harm for the endangered American burying beetle, allowing the plans to move forward.

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In a statement emailed to Nebraska Public Media News in April, a spokesperson for NPPD said the project “is desperately needed to improve reliability and reduce congestion on the Nebraska grid.” The utility said it followed all legal requirements in the Fish and Wildlife permitting process.



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Keith Jacobshagen, famed prairie painter, finds essential and eternal in endless Nebraska sky – Flatwater Free Press

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Keith Jacobshagen, famed prairie painter, finds essential and eternal in endless Nebraska sky – Flatwater Free Press


Several days each week for more than 50 years, Keith Jacobshagen got behind the wheel and drove into the countryside around his home in Lincoln, to look, to experience, to think and, most importantly, to draw and paint.

“I could not stay away from going out there and being absorbed into the space and the light and the landscape,” he said. “So it was a real lure to me that was strong.”

Unlike other landscape artists who capture obvious scenic glories of crashing ocean waves or snow-crested mountains, Jacobshagen has devoted his life to depicting what much of the rest of America calls flyover country and ignores: cornfields, treelines, grain elevators and vast, unimpeded skies. 

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For decades, he has been one of Nebraska’s best-known artists with works featured in scores of exhibitions across the state and the U.S. He has gained renown nationally as a chronicler of the Great Plains, with work featured in two influential museum shows that traveled the country.

“I really regard Keith as the most significant Plains or prairie painter today or then,” said the

exhibition’s curator, Joni Kinsey, “and he seemed to be doing more monumental works, and I don’t mean in terms of size but in terms of significance, that were truly in the category of sublime. His work just stood out.”