Minneapolis, MN
Monitoring Minneapolis Police: The business behind overseeing court-ordered reforms
The Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) is facing an unprecedented challenge: two sets of court-ordered reforms.
Last year, the city entered into a settlement agreement with the Minnesota Department of Human Rights after an investigation found MPD engaged in a pattern or practice of race discrimination.
A similar, federal investigation is expected to result in a separate consent decree, overseen by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ).
The critical piece of both agreements is the independent monitor, a position that holds tremendous power and influence. The monitor, typically a group of individuals, will track MPD’s progress on the reforms and will ultimately recommend to the court when the oversight should be lifted.
Despite a growing need for monitors, a review of federal consent decrees across the country by 5 INVESTIGATES shows a small number of people doing this work in multiple cities.
Among them – David Douglass, the man chosen to lead the oversight of Minneapolis Police.
In March, the city signed a contract with Douglass’ nonprofit, Effective Law Enforcement For All, to serve as the independent evaluator overseeing the settlement agreement with the state.
Douglass is also the deputy monitor currently overseeing the federal consent decree between the U.S. Department of Justice and the New Orleans Police Department.
In an interview with 5 INVESTIGATES, Douglass said his work in New Orleans is winding down.
“We are all here and committed to devoting as much time as it’s necessary to get this work done,” he said.
However, the specialized nature of monitoring police departments under consent decrees, paired with the small pool of candidates, has prompted criticism that the niche business is a “cottage industry.”
In 2021, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland ordered a review of the use of monitors in consent decrees and other settlement agreements.
During the review, stakeholders urged the department “to do more to dispel the perception that monitoring is becoming a cottage industry, closed to outside voices,” according to a memo published months later.
Douglass said he doesn’t believe monitoring is a cottage industry.
“There is a monitor because the Department of Justice has identified a need,” he said during the interview. “To the extent that there is a need, then the need should be addressed. And I don’t know that I’m particularly troubled if there is an industry designed to eliminate decades – and in some sense, in some instances – centuries of policing that hasn’t been safe and effective for large segments of the community.”
DOJ recommendations
The DOJ memo laid out recommendations for using monitors in future consent decrees, including restricting the lead monitors’ participation in multiple consent decrees.
“Jurisdictions should not be deprived of subject matter experts whose unique knowledge makes them an asset to multiple monitorships,” the memo reads. “But the person serving as the lead monitor should be solely committed to the jurisdiction they are serving.”


When asked if anyone from the City of Minneapolis or state Department of Human Rights raised concerns about his continued involvement in New Orleans, Douglass said it was discussed, but that he wouldn’t characterize it as a concern or issue.
He said cities benefit from the experience monitors bring from other consent decrees and pushed back on the justice department’s recommendation.
“I don’t think there should be arbitrary rules about it,” he said. “I think each monitor should be judged on their track record.”
Christy Lopez agrees.
Lopez worked for two decades in the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. She led multiple high-profile investigations of police departments, including in Ferguson, Missouri, after the death of Michael Brown.


“When people identify a monitor or monitoring team that they have confidence in, city leaders, DOJ, they want to go back to that same person or that same team,” she said.
But Lopez said consent decrees are expensive for cities, and the concern that a monitor may prolong their work to make more money is justified.
“I have seen a couple of monitors take that approach, and I try to call them out when I can,” she said.
Time is money
Last year, 5 INVESTIGATES analyzed consent decrees in a dozen other cities and found those mandates last an average of nine and a half years before the oversight is lifted.
Contract and invoice data show those cities have spent anywhere from $9 to $12 million on monitoring fees.
In its contract with ELEFA, the City of Minneapolis capped the budget at $1.5 million per year.
Douglass said the best way a city can reduce cost is for a city to work quickly to implement the reforms and sustain that work.
“We’re very committed to achieving change as quickly as we can, but it’s more important that we do it in the right way so that’s lasting,” he said. “If the city does its part, I think it can be out in four or five years.”


Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis City Council approves plan for George Floyd Square that allows transit access
The Minneapolis City Council on Thursday evening approved a redesign plan for George Floyd Square, capping off years of planning, public input and debate.
The council voted 9-4 to move forward with a plan that was backed by Mayor Jacob Frey and allows for transit access through 38th Street East and Chicago Avenue.
Under the plan, Metro Transit service will be restored along Chicago Avenue, but no vehicle traffic will cross the location where George Floyd was murdered more than five years ago. The plan allows for the intersection to be closed for public gatherings and expands space for memorials and art.
“Thousands of voices shaped this plan, and today we turned years of work into real progress,” Frey said. “Approving the flexible open option means we are finally moving forward together.”
Earlier this year the City Council voted to explore a pedestrian-focused concept for the busy south Minneapolis intersection, a decision that was vetoed by Frey. Frey argued that nearby property owners opposed a pedestrian plan and would not approve it, which is required by state law. Still, the council voted in February to override his veto 9-4.
Months later, the council ultimately decided to approve the open street design plan, though some members expressed their frustration with the decision.
“This council has been put in a position where there is no will or ability for our mayor and our administration to move on any other plan,” said Ward 12 Councilmember Aurin Chowdhury at Thursday’s meeting. “There’s no will to do pedestrian mall from them.”
Council President Elliott Payne, Vice President Aisha Chughtai, along with councilmembers Jason Chavez and Robin Wonsley voted against the plan.
The council anticipates construction to begin in 2026.
Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis council’s costly encampment response plan passes, likely to be vetoed
Minneapolis City Council’s costly encampment response plan passes, likely to be vetoed
A controversial plan addressing homeless encampments, while getting enough votes for approval, may never see the light of day.
The Humane Encampment Response ordinance does and calls for many things, creating a heavy lift for the city of Minneapolis and needs a lot of public dollars — including providing portable bathrooms, hand washing station, needle disposal supplies, and more.
It also sets up a seven-day pre-closure notice and provides free storage, which city staff says alone would cost millions. The ordinance also includes ensuring people have access to services and shelter.
RELATED: Minneapolis City Council passes housing crisis policies as mayor expedites encampment closures
“We seek to address the public health and safety concerns,” Aisha Chughtai, one of the three council members, said during Thursday’s city council meeting. “It also ensures that unsheltered individuals are given the basic dignity of time to make plans before a closure.”
Her colleague, Linea Palmisano, was first to express opposition.
“I don’t know how we could suggest that we keep people in a situation where addiction, violence, trafficking — drug and sex trafficking and child trafficking — how that can be a humane response to encampments,” Palmisano said.
At the posting of this article, we did not receive a statement from council member Aurin Chughtai, who said she’s supplying one — we asked how she responds to those who feel the ordinance encourages encampments to form and why it does not include steps to address crime that unfolds in encampments.
The one who needs to sign off on the ordinance, Mayor Jacob Frey, is clear on his stance.
“I intend to veto it,” Frey told 5 EYEWITNESS NEWS, which will be effective as there was not enough support from council members to override it.
“I don’t know how anybody could argue with a straight face that that is safe, and that’s the right way to do this,” Frey said, adding, “I don’t want to turn back that progress on an ordinance that would essentially make homeless encampments much easier to start open and then much harder to close.”
Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis City Council set to take stronger stance against ICE
MINNEAPOLIS (FOX 9) – The Minneapolis City Council will vote on Thursday to bolster a 22-year-old ordinance that restricts police officers from helping ICE agents or taking part in federal immigration enforcement.
Minneapolis’ separation ordinance
The backstory:
The City of Minneapolis first passed its separation ordinance in 2003, following the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and ICE under the Bush administration. Cities across the country began passing laws, including Minneapolis and St. Paul, following suggestions from Attorney General John Ashcroft in 2002 that state and local authorities should act as conduits for federal immigration enforcement.
Among other requirements, Minneapolis’ separation ordinance forbids Minneapolis police from taking part in immigration enforcement or assisting ICE agents. It also prevents city employees from investigating an individual when the only law they’ve violated is being in the United States illegally. City employees are also restricted from inquiring about immigration status except when required to do so by law.
Big picture view:
This week, the council presented a revised version of the separation ordinance with tougher language intended to combat ICE, amid a targeted immigration operation ordered by President Trump focused on the Somali community. In recent weeks, ICE agents have been spotted across the Twin Cities, especially in predominately Somali areas. Just this week, an enforcement operation in Cedar-Riverside ended in a confrontation with ICE agents pepper spraying protesters. During that operation, city leaders say an American citizen was arrested by ICE agents, forcefully handcuffed, and hauled down to a detention center in Bloomington.
The current review of the separation ordinance was sparked by a federal raid in June on a Mexican restaurant that turned out to be a criminal investigation. The raid did, however, spark an anti-ICE protest and a heavy police response.
Minneapolis council considers changes
Local perspective:
The new ordinance declares the city will “vigorously oppose” any attempt to use city resources for immigration enforcement. The revised ordinance also codifies an executive order issued last week by Mayor Jacob Frey restricting ICE from staging operations in city-owned lots, parking lots or ramps.
There are exemptions that allow police to work with ICE or federal authorities for operations like criminal investigations. In those cases, the new ordinance requires police officials to prepare a report detailing the operation and explaining why the city took part and submit it to the mayor, the council, and the public. The ordinance also opposes the government’s practice of hiding the identity of federal agents, saying that working alongside anyone who lacks clear agency identification, who is masked, or conceals their identity or badges would be contrary to the values of the city and harmful to the trust and public safety of city residents.
Dig deeper:
Along with the separation ordinance, council also approved an additional $40,000 in funding for the Immigrant Law Center of Minnesota to support legal services for immigrants in Minneapolis. The law center helps immigrants detained by ICE, those seeking citizenship, and provides advice for those at risk of immigration enforcement.
What’s next:
The Minneapolis City Council will meet at 9:30 a.m. to vote on the separation ordinance and other measures on its calendar. The separation ordinance is Item 1 under the Committee of the Whole schedule titled “Employee authority in immigration matters ordinance: Title 2.” We will stream the meeting in the live player above.
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