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Monitoring Minneapolis Police: The business behind overseeing court-ordered reforms

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Monitoring Minneapolis Police: The business behind overseeing court-ordered reforms


The Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) is facing an unprecedented challenge: two sets of court-ordered reforms.

Last year, the city entered into a settlement agreement with the Minnesota Department of Human Rights after an investigation found MPD engaged in a pattern or practice of race discrimination.

A similar, federal investigation is expected to result in a separate consent decree, overseen by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ).

The critical piece of both agreements is the independent monitor, a position that holds tremendous power and influence. The monitor, typically a group of individuals, will track MPD’s progress on the reforms and will ultimately recommend to the court when the oversight should be lifted.

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Despite a growing need for monitors, a review of federal consent decrees across the country by 5 INVESTIGATES shows a small number of people doing this work in multiple cities.

Among them – David Douglass, the man chosen to lead the oversight of Minneapolis Police.

In March, the city signed a contract with Douglass’ nonprofit, Effective Law Enforcement For All, to serve as the independent evaluator overseeing the settlement agreement with the state.

KSTP-TV

Douglass is also the deputy monitor currently overseeing the federal consent decree between the U.S. Department of Justice and the New Orleans Police Department.

In an interview with 5 INVESTIGATES, Douglass said his work in New Orleans is winding down.

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“We are all here and committed to devoting as much time as it’s necessary to get this work done,” he said.

However, the specialized nature of monitoring police departments under consent decrees, paired with the small pool of candidates, has prompted criticism that the niche business is a “cottage industry.”

In 2021, U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland ordered a review of the use of monitors in consent decrees and other settlement agreements.

During the review, stakeholders urged the department “to do more to dispel the perception that monitoring is becoming a cottage industry, closed to outside voices,” according to a memo published months later.

Douglass said he doesn’t believe monitoring is a cottage industry.

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“There is a monitor because the Department of Justice has identified a need,” he said during the interview. “To the extent that there is a need, then the need should be addressed. And I don’t know that I’m particularly troubled if there is an industry designed to eliminate decades – and in some sense, in some instances – centuries of policing that hasn’t been safe and effective for large segments of the community.”

DOJ recommendations

The DOJ memo laid out recommendations for using monitors in future consent decrees, including restricting the lead monitors’ participation in multiple consent decrees.

“Jurisdictions should not be deprived of subject matter experts whose unique knowledge makes them an asset to multiple monitorships,” the memo reads. “But the person serving as the lead monitor should be solely committed to the jurisdiction they are serving.” 

KSTP-TV

When asked if anyone from the City of Minneapolis or state Department of Human Rights raised concerns about his continued involvement in New Orleans, Douglass said it was discussed, but that he wouldn’t characterize it as a concern or issue. 

He said cities benefit from the experience monitors bring from other consent decrees and pushed back on the justice department’s recommendation.

“I don’t think there should be arbitrary rules about it,” he said. “I think each monitor should be judged on their track record.”

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Christy Lopez agrees.

Lopez worked for two decades in the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. She led multiple high-profile investigations of police departments, including in Ferguson, Missouri, after the death of Michael Brown.

Christy Lopez, former U.S. Department of Justice attorney. KSTP-TV

“When people identify a monitor or monitoring team that they have confidence in, city leaders, DOJ, they want to go back to that same person or that same team,” she said.

But Lopez said consent decrees are expensive for cities, and the concern that a monitor may prolong their work to make more money is justified.

“I have seen a couple of monitors take that approach, and I try to call them out when I can,” she said.

Time is money

Last year, 5 INVESTIGATES analyzed consent decrees in a dozen other cities and found those mandates last an average of nine and a half years before the oversight is lifted. 

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Contract and invoice data show those cities have spent anywhere from $9 to $12 million on monitoring fees.

In its contract with ELEFA, the City of Minneapolis capped the budget at $1.5 million per year.

Douglass said the best way a city can reduce cost is for a city to work quickly to implement the reforms and sustain that work.

“We’re very committed to achieving change as quickly as we can, but it’s more important that we do it in the right way so that’s lasting,” he said. “If the city does its part, I think it can be out in four or five years.” 

David Douglass, independent evaluator of the Minneapolis Police Department’s settlement agreement with the Minnesota Department of Human Rights. KSTP-TV



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Minneapolis, MN

Minneapolis’ contested housing development plan plows forward

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Minneapolis’ contested housing development plan plows forward


Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey and other government officials celebrated moving forward with the city’s housing development plan, the 2040 Comprehensive Plan, on Tuesday.

The plan had been in a years-long court battle. Opposing organizations alleged that the city should have conducted an environmental review before approving the plan. 

The 2040 plan aims to establish more densely built and affordable housing for Minneapolis’ future development. 

“This is a day that has been six years in the making, in that when Minneapolis recognized that we had an affordable housing shortage, we recognize that we like so many other cities throughout the country needed to increase our supply of housing. The 2040 plan helped us get there,” Frey said.

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Legislation in the 2024 session clarified the bill, allowing for stalled housing projects to begin again. 

“Our legislative intent was very clear that this was a bill to end this lawsuit and to defend the Minneapolis 2040 plan,” said Rep. Sydney Jordan, DFL-Minneapolis. “We believe in this plan. We took huge steps this year to defend it and we will continue to do so as necessary.” 

Jack Perry, the attorney for opposing groups like Smart Growth Minneapolis and Minnesota Citizens for the Protection of Migratory Birds, said their fight is far from over. They filed an appeal with the Supreme Court. 

“Almost every project is financed and it is pretty hard to finance something when the authority is based upon a 2040 plan that is tied up in litigation,” Perry said. “The mayor says they’re going forward. That’s all fine but the actual developers will have to worry about this litigation. He may not because it’s not his pocketbook that’s being opened up to build things based upon a foundation of a plan that is highly suspect.”

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The press conference celebrating the 2040 plan was held at Wakpada Apartments, a new complex that’s a product of the 2040 plan.

One of the apartment’s developers, Sean Sweeney, said the 2040 plan has allowed him to be creative and “do things that benefit the community.”

“I’ve worked in several markets around the country, and I can say without a doubt that being a developer in Minneapolis, especially now with the 2040 plan, is an absolute dream,” Sweeney said. 

The plan began in 2018. Since then, Minneapolis has invested over $360 million into affordable rental housing and homeownership programs.

“Minneapolis is being seen around the country as a leader in the affordable housing space, we’re seen as a leader in this push to desegregate cities. And we’re seen as a municipality to copy and to replicate in the work that we’re having right now,” Frey said.

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Minneapolis, MN

32-year-old charged with hiding body of Minneapolis woman

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32-year-old charged with hiding body of Minneapolis woman


A 32-year-old Iowa woman was charged on Tuesday with concealing the body of Liara Tsai, 35, of Minneapolis.

Court records show that Margot Lewis made her first appearance in Olmsted County Court Tuesday morning.

According to a criminal complaint, authorities were called to a one-vehicle crash at the intersection of I-90 and Highway 42 in Olmsted County on Saturday.

Based on tire tracks, authorities believe the driver, identified as Lewis, was speeding eastbound on I-90 when she went into the median.

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Bystanders told responding deputies there appeared to be a deceased or injured person in the car.

Inside, deputies found a body wrapped in a bed sheet, a blanket, a futon-style mattress and a tarp, court documents state. The person, later identified as Tsai, was obviously deceased and authorities said she didn’t seem to have been killed in the crash. She was cold to the touch and there was dried blood on the blanket.

Investigators later found a large wound on the right side of Tsai’s neck.

Lewis was medically cleared at the hospital and then booked into Olmsted County Jail. She did not respond audibly to law enforcement.

Lewis’ mugshot is not yet available on the Olmsted County Jail roster. This article will be updated when it becomes available.

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The Medical Examiner confirmed on Sunday that Tsai was killed before the car crash.

Monday evening, Minneapolis police and members of the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension executed a search warrant of Tsai’s home on 16th Street East and found a scene “indicating violence.”

Investigators have not announced any arrests for Tsai’s death.

This is a developing story. Check back for updates.

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Minneapolis, MN

A seeming fatal crash in southeastern Minnesota is now investigated as a homicide in Minneapolis

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A seeming fatal crash in southeastern Minnesota is now investigated as a homicide in Minneapolis


A homicide investigation is underway in Minneapolis after law enforcement responded to a weekend motor vehicle crash in southeastern Minnesota and discovered a victim whose traumatic injuries weren’t consistent with a car accident.

While responding to the single-vehicle crash Saturday morning near the Eyota exit on Interstate 90, the Olmsted County Sheriff’s Office found a body in the back seat of the car, according to a press release.

The driver, 32-year-old Margot Lewis, was outside the vehicle and being tended to by a passerby. While checking to see if anyone else was in the vehicle, deputies found the body of a 35-year-old woman.

According to the sheriff’s office, the condition of the body was “suspicious” and it was “immediately apparent” the woman’s death wasn’t a result of the crash.

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Lewis was eventually arrested for interference with a dead body.

Meanwhile, Minneapolis police were asked later Saturday to perform a welfare check at the dead woman’s home in the 700 block of 16th Street Southeast. According to Minneapolis police, authorities eventually executed a search warrant, and the scene inside the residence showed evidence of violence.

Lewis remains in custody ahead of a Tuesday court appearance.

The name of the victim is being withheld pending autopsy and notification of next of kin.

Anyone with information about the case is encouraged to call CrimeStoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS (8477).

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