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Iowa’s white oaks are dying. New test kits could show why.

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Iowa’s white oaks are dying. New test kits could show why.


Iowa Department of Natural Resources forest health technician Mark Runkel (right) and GIS specialist John Mullen (left) look for trees last Monday exhibiting signs of the oak wilt fungus at Hickory Grove Park in Story County’s Colo. Foresters are using a new test kit that allows them to test for oak wilt in the field. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

COLO — More than a decade into a mysterious epidemic killing off white oak trees, Iowa foresters hope a new test kit will help them quickly screen trees in the field for half the cost of laboratory tests.

Inspired by COVID-19 rapid tests, a Minnesota startup developed a kit that amplifies the DNA of a fungus spreading among oaks weakened by drought. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources hopes to use information gathered from these kits to isolate infected trees and protect others.

“A lot of people are concerned about this white oak decline,” said Tivon Feeley, Forest Health Program leader for the Iowa DNR. Foresters want to know whether they should replant white oaks or choose other species. “Right now, I can’t tell them. (But) this test gives us a lot of tools we can start using.”

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Background

Around 2010, foresters across the Midwest started noticing centuries-old white oak trees dying off in just one season and didn’t know why. Oak wilt, a fungal disease spread by insects or through the root systems of infected trees, was a possible culprit, but most foresters hadn’t seen it be so fast or so deadly.

A fungal mat, likely the result of an oak wilt infection, is seen on a tree last Monday at Hickory Grove Park in Colo in Story County. The fungus Bretiella fagacearum causes oak wilt. Fungal mats develop and help to spread the fungal spores through the air and via beetles that feed on the trees. Additionally, the infection can spread through the interconnected root systems of nearby trees. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

A fungal mat, likely the result of an oak wilt infection, is seen on a tree last Monday at Hickory Grove Park in Colo in Story County. The fungus Bretiella fagacearum causes oak wilt. Fungal mats develop and help to spread the fungal spores through the air and via beetles that feed on the trees. Additionally, the infection can spread through the interconnected root systems of nearby trees. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

“With this oak decline, we have two to three dead trees almost every other acre,” Amana Society Forester Tim Krauss said in October 2022. “We have to harvest the dead trees because we only have a year until they are no good. We can make our budget by just cutting dead trees. The downside is, they are not coming back.”

When 200-year-old and 300-year-old giants are felled, increased sunlight on the forest floor causes an explosion of invasive species and less-desirable trees, including hackberry and elm, Krauss said.

Climate change has played a role in the rapid decline of white oaks, with drought making the trees more vulnerable to disease or pests.

The U.S. Forest Service and the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers planned a pilot project with a new test kit to quickly determine if a tree has oak wilt, but efforts to develop the kits at the University of Toronto fell through in 2023.

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What’s happened since

Abdennour Abbas, a professor of nanotechnology at the University of Minnesota, stepped up in 2023 with PureBioX, a St. Paul, Minn., startup that develops rapid tests for use in health care, pharmaceutical, food and agricultural industries.

“The regular test is a cell culture and it takes a very long time,” said Anil Meher, a PureBioX analytical chemist who last week visited Iowa for a trial of the oak wilt test kits at Hickory Grove Park near Colo, in Story County.

Chemist Anil Meher tests samples last Monday from trees exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo in Story County. Foresters are using a new test kit that allows them to test for oak wilt in the field rather than sending samples to a lab. Mehar and his employer, Minnesota-based PureBioX, have developed a test kit for oak wilt that allows foresters to test for the fungal infection on location. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

Chemist Anil Meher tests samples last Monday from trees exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo in Story County. Foresters are using a new test kit that allows them to test for oak wilt in the field rather than sending samples to a lab. Mehar and his employer, Minnesota-based PureBioX, have developed a test kit for oak wilt that allows foresters to test for the fungal infection on location. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

When plant diagnostic laboratories test trees for oak wilt, the results can take two weeks to two months and cost $70 to $300, the Iowa DNR’s Feeley said. PureBioX’s test kits take one hour and cost about $30 each.

“It’s quite simple so you can do it in the field setting,” Meher said.

Mark Runkel, an Iowa DNR forest health technician, and John Mullen, a GIS analyst for the department, walked out into a stand of trees at Hickory Grove to look for white oaks with signs of oak wilt. The outer leaves may turn brown, while the veins stay green. And when a branch of an infected tree is removed, the cut ends smell like fermented fruit.

Iowa Department of Natural Resources forest health technician Mark Runkel takes a core sample last Monday from a tree exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

Iowa Department of Natural Resources forest health technician Mark Runkel takes a core sample last Monday from a tree exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

From each tree, they gathered a cluster of leaves, a branch and a 3-inch trunk core. If the tests of leaves are effective in determining infection, future tests won’t require branches or trunk cores.

Mullen marked the locations of the trees in a tablet and gave each a unique ID. Mapping the infected trees is an early step to determine how oak wilt might be spreading.

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Iowa Department of Natural Resources GIS specialist John Mullen marks the location last Monday of a sample from an oak tree at Hickory Grove Park in Colo. Mullen develops GIS layers to help track the locations from which samples are collected as well as the spread of the oak wilt fungus. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

Iowa Department of Natural Resources GIS specialist John Mullen marks the location last Monday of a sample from an oak tree at Hickory Grove Park in Colo. Mullen develops GIS layers to help track the locations from which samples are collected as well as the spread of the oak wilt fungus. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

Meher and Feeley put each sample into a tube with chemicals that break down the tree matter. Meher extracted the DNA and put it into a tiny vial, which is heated on a portable pad to amplify the DNA. If the Bretiella fagacearum fungus, which causes oak wilt, is present, the liquid will turn yellow. If the fungus is not present, the liquid turns pink.

If foresters find isolated trees with oak wilt, they could spray herbicide on those trees in hopes of halting the transmission through underground root systems, Feeley said.

Iowa Department of Natural Resources forest health technician Mark Runkel holds a core sample last Monday from a tree exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo. Samples of infected trees often smell strongly of cantaloupe or fermented fruit. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

Iowa Department of Natural Resources forest health technician Mark Runkel holds a core sample last Monday from a tree exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo. Samples of infected trees often smell strongly of cantaloupe or fermented fruit. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

The team plans to test trees in the Amana Society’s 7,000-acre timber, in Marshall County, in the Loess Hills in Western Iowa and in the Des Moines area. They also are putting out insect traps in forests with oak wilt to see what kinds of bugs might be carrying the fungus. Results of these studies will go into the 2024 Forest Health report.

Iowa Department of Natural Resources forest health technician Mark Runkel (right) looks last Monday for trees exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo in Story County. Foresters are using a new test kit that allows them to test for the fungus in the field rather than sending samples to a lab. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

Iowa Department of Natural Resources forest health technician Mark Runkel (right) looks last Monday for trees exhibiting signs of oak wilt at Hickory Grove Park in Colo in Story County. Foresters are using a new test kit that allows them to test for the fungus in the field rather than sending samples to a lab. (Nick Rohlman/The Gazette)

Comments: (319) 339-3157; erin.jordan@thegazette.com





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US House Speaker campaigning in Iowa responds to President’s election fraud claims

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US House Speaker campaigning in Iowa responds to President’s election fraud claims


DES MOINES, Iowa (Gray Media Iowa State Capitol Bureau) — U.S. Speaker of the House Mike Johnson told Gray Media Iowa that he got briefed late Thursday afternoon, a few hours before President Donald Trump gave a prime-time speech to make his latest claims about election fraud.

“Yeah, I just got off of a telephone call literally in the motorcade as we were driving here,” Johnson said after arriving at a campaign appearance with U.S. Rep. Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R – 1st District, Ottumwa) at a Pella bakery.

Miller-Meeks is running for re-election in what is again considered a competitive race with Democrat Christina Bohannan, a University of Iowa law professor from Iowa City.

This is the third straight election that the two will meet in a general election.

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Johnson said the “off the record” intelligence briefing to leaders in the U.S. House and Senate previewed Trump’s new election fraud claims. He called it “blockbuster information.”

“It’s the result of an investigation that’s been ongoing for some time now about fraud and irregularity in in federal elections, American elections around the country,” Johnson said.

Gray Media Iowa asked Johnson whether he believes congressional colleagues were elected because of fraud.

He did not directly answer that question.

“…everybody’s going to be able to evaluate all that information on their own, and it will lead to other investigations, I’m certain,” Johnson said of the briefing.

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He added, “we’ll have to see where all this goes.”

For years, Trump has alleged widespread fraud that cost him the 2020 election. Trump has lost dozens of court cases on the matter.

On January 7, 2021, Congress certified his defeat to Democrat Joe Biden, a day after Trump supporters rushed the U.S. Capitol Building. Some attacked law enforcement officers and damaged the outside and inside of the building.

After returning to office in 2025, President Trump pardoned supporters for their crimes.

Copyright 2026 Gray Media Iowa State Capitol Bureau. All rights reserved.

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Jaylen Raynor Wisely Predicted To Be Starting Quarterback for Iowa State Football

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Jaylen Raynor Wisely Predicted To Be Starting Quarterback for Iowa State Football


With the college football season right around the corner, the Iowa State Cyclones will be hoping to have a strong campaign with a new regime coming in. However, a lot of their success might depend on one key player. 

Following the departure of Matt Campbell to the Penn State Nittany Lions, the Cyclones saw their roster get completely gutted. Most of their players entered the transfer portal, leaving new head coach Jimmy Rogers with plenty of work to do. 

Fortunately, Rogers and the coaching staff were able to get out there and bring in a lot of new players from all over the country. While Iowa State might be lacking star power and aren’t going to be as talented as they were last year, they do have a good amount of depth. 

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There should be quite a bit of competition for spots in camp, but there are some players who should clearly be starters that transferred in. 

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Pete Nakos of On3 recently predicted who would be the starting quarterback for every team in the Big 12. Unsurprisingly for the Cyclones, it was Jaylen Raynor who was the choice. 

Raynor an Easy Pick 

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Jul 8, 2026; Frisco, TX, USA; Iowa State quarterback Jaylen Raynor speaks with reporters during Big 12 Conference Football Media Days at The Star. | IMAGN IMAGES via Reuters Connect

After bringing in the three-year starter from the Arkansas State Red Wolves, Raynor instantly became the favorite to be the starter for the Cyclones in Week 1. Him being predicted as that guy should come as no surprise, and his ability to play against elevated competition on a weekly basis will be key. 

There is a lot to like about Raynor’s game, and he could certainly help Iowa State exceed expectations next year. 

Last season with the Red Wolves, he totaled 3,361 passing yards, 19 passing touchdowns, and a 66.5 completion percentage. It was career-highs for him in all three of those categories, showing some nice improvement in his junior season. 

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As a dual-threat player, he also totaled a career-high in rushing yards and rushing touchdowns. The junior recorded 423 yards on the ground to go along with seven rushing scores. 

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Overall, the numbers for Raynor were really solid, and there is reason to believe he might be even better in his senior season. For the Cyclones, with all of the new players on the roster, there will undoubtedly be some competition for starting spots around the field. However, it should certainly be Raynor who is under center to start.

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Weight loss drug needles creating safety risk for eastern Iowa law enforcement

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Weight loss drug needles creating safety risk for eastern Iowa law enforcement


CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa (KCRG) – Syringes from injectable weight loss medications are turning up in drug drop-off boxes across eastern Iowa, creating a safety hazard for law enforcement officers who handle the containers.

Sgt. Erich Lear of the Linn County Sheriff’s Office said emptying the drug drop-off box is part of his daily routine — and the box fills fast.

“It’s probably a 30-gallon tote, and I’d say 3 out of the five days of the week it’s completely full,” Lear said.

Needles found mixed in with other medications

Lear said he has noticed over the past five years that people are placing medicine, nasal sprays and syringes in the bin. He said many of the syringes come from people discarding GLP-1 medications such as Ozempic and Wegovy.

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“That tote that I pull out — there’s nothing that protects me from needles other than my observation and using gloves when I sort through things,” Lear said.

The Hiawatha Police Department said it is also seeing an increase in improperly discarded syringes.

Where syringes should go

The Cedar Rapids Linn County Solid Waste Agency is the proper disposal site for sharps. The agency said it has seen syringe intake increase by more than a ton in recent years.

“We’re talking about two thousand pounds of sharps and syringes coming in,” said Joe Horaney of the solid waste agency. “Before 2021 we were around 1.9, maybe 2 tons a year — now we are over 3 tons a year.”

Horaney said any Linn County resident can bring syringes to the facility, provided they are contained properly.

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“We just ask that you have it in a heavy plastic container — so one of those medically certified red biohazard containers,” Horaney said. “If you don’t have that, it can be a heavy plastic container like an old laundry detergent [bottle].”

A third-party company picks up the sharps from the facility and incinerates them.

Some drop-off programs discontinued

Lear said another reason sharps are appearing at drop-off locations is that some agencies have ended their disposal programs. The Marion Police Department said it stopped offering the service after people continued to place broken glass, liquids and other garbage inside the box.

Copyright 2026 KCRG. All rights reserved.



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