Indiana
Indiana cannot afford to botch its curriculum reform
Indiana is in the process of revamping its high school curricula. This could be a superb opportunity to rethink some fundamentals about schooling, its role in society and the needs of the future economy.
It is also a good time to re-center the long-term wellbeing of students into the discussion.
However, the last time Indiana made significant changes to school curriculum, we failed badly. That cannot happen again.
In December 2013, then-Gov. Mike Pence announced an ambitious plan to offer more career-focused education to Hoosier high school kids who weren’t going to college. It was a smart, thoughtful and much-needed addition to our educational landscape. I was an enthusiastic supporter and wrote in support of it.
Almost from the beginning, the execution of that plan was botched. It is worth recounting how a very good idea became very bad public policy, and how the accumulated mistakes of a decade continue to haunt Indiana’s economic performance even now and into the distant future.
The Daniels-era education reforms were successful on almost every important measure.
The push for higher standards revealed itself in test scores, graduation rates and college attendance and success.
They strengthened good local public schools and forced bad ones to change. But not everyone wishes to go to college and, for three generations, we’d cut programs for those students.
Pence’s plan was met with strong support by business, which offered free curriculum in STEM, and support for students wishing a career route.
My school corporation, led by Jennifer McCormick, developed an award-winning program with a local manufacturing firm.
Things started off well. Then the Department of Workforce Development began to push the state’s board of education.
The Department of Workforce Development had an occupational forecast claiming that, between 2014 and 2024, there’d be a huge demand for high school-only graduates — that is, students who graduated high school and did not go to college. The Department of Workforce Development’s forecast claimed that the state would need 400,000 more high school-only graduates by 2024.
I did everything I knew how to do in order to explain why this was mistaken.
I used labor demand forecasts from a half dozen economists that said we’d need fewer high school graduates by 2024. I showed them the studies from the 1970s through the 2000s explaining how these forecasts were too flawed to be used as a labor market policy tool.
Nothing I said or wrote had any effect.
The Department of Workforce Development had already run off their economists for saying roughly the same thing. They weren’t at all interested in hearing analysis from anyone who actually knew anything about labor markets. The newer versions of that forecast are still guiding both labor market and education policy in Indiana.
All of this presents the question: How wrong were they?
A lot.
In 2015, the forecast overstated the demand for high school only graduates in 2014 — that is, the previous year — by 190,000 workers. Yes, you read that correctly. They actually got history wrong. I’ve never seen a forecast that wrong, that quickly. Still, that did not deter their enthusiasm for the forecast.
As of last fall, Indiana has 20,000 more high school graduates working than in 2014. So that forecast of demand for 400,000 more high school graduates is going to be wrong by about 2,000%.
I write this because it is my biggest professional failure.
Had I been more persuasive, I should’ve been able to avoid the train wreck that ensued. I was not, and the state has been trapped by bad human capital policy ever since. It has significantly weakened Indiana’s long-term economic prospects.
The recovery from the Great Recession was the worst economic expansion in state history. We slipped on every important measure of economic success with some of the worst performances coming in the last five years of the expansion.
The COVID and post-pandemic economy should’ve been very kind to Indiana. Because of our manufacturing intensity, our growth should’ve outpaced the nation. It did not. The reason for 15 years of relative decline is that we have a poorly educated workforce that is getting worse.
That bad labor forecast from 2014 was very influential in the legislature. And how could it not be? It was a false promise of economic growth without actually investing more in education. It didn’t matter that the nation had gone more than two decades without creating a single net new job for someone who hadn’t been to college. The bad forecast drove policy.
Funding for K-12 stalled on a per-student basis and dropped as a share of GDP. Pence’s vision morphed into an anti-college agenda. The state’s workforce development director and the president of our community college system downplayed the benefits of post-secondary education.
By 2017, Indiana introduced career indoctrination down to sixth grade. Among the largest of these were manufacturing occupations and truck drivers. The demand for both is lower today than in 2014.
Pence’s program to offer career-focused opportunities to older students became a platform for pushing students away from post-secondary education. To their credit, in 2020, the legislature increased the age that career pathways would start. So, today, we wait until children are 13 to provide them bad labor market advice.
The most damaging effect was on college attendance. Indiana peaked in 2015, sending 65 percent of our high school graduates to college, at a time when the national average was 72 percent of students. In the race for a talented workforce, Indiana was well behind and running slower than the pack. Over the past two years, fewer than 53 percent of our high school graduates have gone to college. Until this changes, we will not be contenders in a 21st century economy.
We are now near the very bottom in human capital development, making it an opportune time to compare what Indiana does and aspires to do with that of the nation as a whole. Over the past three decades, more than 100 percent of new jobs in the U.S. have gone to people who attended college, with 8 in 10 going to 4-year degree holders.
Over the same time, the college wage premium has grown. We are now 50 years into an economy that places a premium on human capital. That won’t change, no matter how badly some states prepare.
Indiana is moving in the wrong direction at record speed.
The period since 2015 is the start of the first decline in educational attainment in Indiana history.
The educational reforms we now consider must reverse this decline. We must consider what students need to know for the next 50 years of work — not what low-wage employers say they need after graduation. We simply cannot fail at this again.
Michael J. Hicks, Ph.D., is the director of the Center for Business and Economic Research and the George and Frances Ball distinguished professor of economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State University.
Indiana
A pond for Ponds: Bloomington names body of water after Indiana CB
D’Angelo Ponds announced himself to the nation by returning an interception of Oregon quarterback Dante Moore for a touchdown on the first play of the College Football Playoff semifinal last Friday. That moment cemented his place in Hoosiers lore — and, now, on Bloomington’s map.
The city temporarily renamed a local pond “D’Angelo’s Pond” in honor of the Indiana cornerback after a social media post calling for such a move went viral. The city’s communications team approached Mayor Kerry Thomson with the idea, and she was quickly on board.
“(We) thought it was brilliant, really. It helps lift up some of the less visible players,” Thomson told The Athletic. “This was a great opportunity to highlight that our city is a place where potential is unlocked, and this team has really shown that.”
The retention pond — designed to temporarily hold stormwater runoff — sits just a few minutes from Memorial Stadium. Thomson’s office leaned into the metaphor in its announcement, writing that “like a great cornerback, a well-designed stormwater pond knows how to contain and protect.”
Ponds told Fox 59 that the renaming was a “once-in-a-lifetime thing.”
“Just to have a pond named after me is something that’s always been talked about, but I was just really shocked to see it come to life,” he said.
After drawing little attention from major programs out of high school because of his size, the 5-foot-9 defensive back committed to James Madison and coach Curt Cignetti in 2022. Ponds earned Freshman All-America honors in 2023 before following Cignetti to Bloomington, where he’s emerged as one of the nation’s top cornerbacks. He was named Defensive MVP of the Rose Bowl in Indiana’s win over Alabama, then earned the same honor in the Hoosiers’ rout of Oregon.
Bloomington’s honor also rewards Ponds’ loyalty to the Hoosiers. He was offered by 30 programs after entering the portal last April — including Alabama, Tennessee and Miami. He told The Athletic’s Bruce Feldman that he had second thoughts after committing to Indiana, a school better known for its basketball program. But he chose to stick with Cignetti and the Hoosiers, and is now on the precipice of winning the school’s first national championship and completing one of the greatest turnarounds in sports history.
“The vibe in Bloomington recently around football has been quite different than it has been in the past 30 years,” Thomson said. “The whole community has really come together around this team and around their story.”
Asked why the new name for the previously unnamed pond wasn’t permanent, the mayor said an official name change would’ve required the use of public resources.
“It’s unofficially official until the end of time,” she said. “… But, at the end of the day, who knows? Anything’s possible.”
While Thomson has not gotten the chance to speak with Ponds, she’s heard that the cornerback is planning a visit when he returns from Miami. The pond is not swimmable, so Thomson hopes to toss a football across the pond to Ponds.
Indiana
Chicago-area weather forecast: Several inches of snow expected for NW Indiana Wednesday, Thursday
CHICAGO (WLS) — Parts of northern Indiana could see several inches of lake-effect snow Wednesday and Thursday.
A Winter Storm Warning is in effect from 7 a.m. ET Wednesday until 1 p.m. ET Thursday for La Porte County, Indiana and Berrien County, Michigan.
ABC7 Chicago is now streaming 24/7. Click here to watch
There is a Winter Weather Advisory from 8 a.m. Wednesday until 4 a.m. Thursday for Porter County, Indiana.
There is a Winter Weather Advisory from 7 a.m. ET Wednesday until 1 p.m. Thursday for Starke County, Indiana.
Bands of heavy snow are expected Wednesday afternoon. Two to 5 inches of snow are possible in Porter, while La Porte parts of Berrien could see more than 6 inches of snow, ABC7 Chicago meteorologist Tracy Butler said.
Snow will continue through Wednesday night into Thursday morning before tapering off during the day on Thursday.
A band of snow is expected to move through the Illinois part of the Chicago area around 7 a.m. Butler said light accumulations of less than an inch are possible.
Temperatures across the area will drop steadily throughout the week.
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Indiana
Music therapy research program helps Indiana residents recovering from opioid use disorder
A team of music therapy researchers at Indiana University Indianapolis is partnering with Hoosier communities to help residents recover from chronic opioid use. The team was recently awarded $310,000 through a State Opioid Response Grant from the Indiana Division of Mental Health and Addictions. The funds will help the program expand, demonstrating IU’s leadership in finding innovative, effective solutions for addiction recovery and mental health across the Hoosier state.
In Marion County, the team led by Kate Myers-Coffman, visiting assistant professor of music therapy in the Herron School of Art and Design, has been building a music therapy protocol through a partnership with the Indianapolis Comprehensive Treatment Center, a state-funded outpatient opioid treatment facility.
The sessions are designed to train the brain to restore impulse control and reconnect with healthy sources of pleasure, like music and meditation, instead of relying on opioids. The Herron team’s research is the first in the U.S. to focus on how music therapy, paired with medication-assisted recovery, can help people who engage with recovery via outpatient clinics.
During the pilot phase of the study, 19 participants attended drop-in music therapy sessions at the Indianapolis Comprehensive Treatment Center over two eight-week periods. They later reported significant improvements in calmness, self-kindness, hopefulness and readiness to cope with stress.
“It gives me the opportunity to relax and focus on what I’m trying to do in my day,” said Ed Robinson, an Indianapolis resident who has regularly attended the center’s music therapy sessions for the past year and a half. “I never thought about music being a way for me to do that until now.”
The new funding will help the current program expand, offering three 90-minute sessions per week rather than one 60-minute session. It will also help the program build relationships with additional clinics in high-need Indiana communities, including Kokomo and Charlestown, and pilot a program for Dove Recovery House, a residential recovery center for women.
“We partner with community clinics to find out how we could uniquely support the needs of the people who go there for care, and then we develop programming that’s tailored to them,” Myers-Coffman said.
Caitlin Krater, a board-certified music therapist and Ph.D. student, has been working on the research team since the study began. Krater is developing a separate protocol designed for pregnant or postpartum women in recovery, in addition to leading the music therapy sessions at the Indianapolis Comprehensive Treatment Center.
“There has historically been very limited research on music therapy embedded in outpatient opioid treatment programs, particularly in methadone clinic settings,” Krater said. “Most of the existing literature focuses on in-patient or residential contexts, so we are helping to fill an important gap.”
Medication assisted recovery is often necessary for chronic opioid users since they must wean themselves off of their body’s chemical dependence. Krater said medication assisted treatment is evidence-based and lifesaving, and for many people it is an essential part of stability, not a failure of recovery.
“This year, the state of Indiana passed legislation that increases access to medication assisted recovery,” Krater said. “Indiana has really been targeting the opioid epidemic, and the numbers are improving.”
Staying engaged in recovery is highly important for those struggling with opioid dependence. Krater said that finding coping mechanisms and systems of support outside of a clinical setting are essential for helping people stay engaged, which is what the team strives to provide.
“I find peace when I’m here,” Robinson said of the music therapy sessions. “I didn’t know what to expect, but this is one of the things that has kept me coming back, and it’s helped me not feel so ashamed.”
Robinson is a mechanic who recently took a leave of absence to undergo heart surgery. He said one of his favorite parts of music therapy is when Krater plays the monochord, an ancient string instrument that, when played in person, produces a deep, resonant tone that vibrates throughout the body.
Robinson said he has even started meditating in the mornings when he’s at home, humming or playing music to replicate the effects of the monochord.
After the hypnotic monochord session, Krater asks participants to choose from an assortment of instruments, including small tin drums, tambourines, maracas and wooden xylophones. Together, they play improvisationally as Krater strums a guitar. Each instrument is tuned to the C pentatonic scale, which allows everyone to play without worrying they will hit a “wrong” note.
Sometimes Krater will ask the group to share a word to guide their improvisational music session.
“I heard patience,” Krater said during one session. “That’s a great one. Let’s start a little slow to be patient and then build it up.”
Several of the participants gathered to talk about patience after they played their instruments. They agreed that practicing patience is important for recovery, since opioid use hijacks the brain, diminishing impulse control. They said taking time to pause and reflect can often be the difference between using and not using opioids.
“For me, it gave me an opportunity to look inside and ask myself some questions because in the hustle and bustle of life, you don’t always get a chance to do that, and that’s how I found myself in this situation in the first place,” Robinson said.
He said he hopes that music therapy of this nature will become more widely available to those in recovery because it has helped him a great deal.
“I’ve never once felt judged coming to this whole entire program, but especially this music aspect,” Robinson said. “It’s made a big difference for me, and I appreciate it. I’d like to see it go on forever.”
IU researcher Caitlin Krater plays the guitar during a music therapy session. Photo by Liz Kaye, Indiana University
Supporting Indiana communities
Caitlin Krater leads a music therapy session at the Indianapolis Comprehensive Treatment Center, which specializes in outpatient opioid recovery. Photo by Liz Kaye, Indiana University
Participants improvise music during a music therapy session. Each instrument is tuned to allows everyone to play without worrying about the notes. Photo by Liz Kaye, Indiana University
Finding peace, practicing patience
Caitlin Krater, a music therapy researcher at IU Indianapolis, plays a monochord, an ancient string instrument. Photo by Liz Kaye, Indiana University
“It gives me the opportunity to relax and focus on what I’m trying to do in my day,” said Ed Robinson of Indianapolis, who has attended music therapy sessions for the past year and a half. Photo by Liz Kaye, Indiana University
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