Health
Sleep could help erase bad memories, study finds: ‘Therapy for our emotions’
Sleep has been shown to have a long list of physical and mental health benefits, and now a new study suggests it could also help to “erase” bad memories.
That’s according to researchers from the University of Hong Kong, who implemented a procedure called “targeted memory reactivation” (TMR) to reactivate positive memories and weaken painful ones during sleep.
“Recollecting painful or traumatic experiences can be deeply troubling,” the researchers wrote in the findings, which were published in the journal PNAS. “Sleep may offer an opportunity to reduce such suffering.”
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“We developed a procedure to weaken older aversive memories by reactivating newer positive memories during sleep.”
A new study suggests that sleep could help to “erase” bad memories. (iStock)
In the study, a total of 37 participants were shown 48 “nonsense words,” each paired with a different unpleasant image, before going to sleep for the night.
The next evening, they were shown half of the words paired with positive images from four categories: animals, babies, people and scenes.
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During the following “non-rapid-eye-movement” sleep, the researchers introduced “auditory memory cues.”
When the participants woke, they had less memory of the negative images and stronger memory of the positive ones.
“Recollecting painful or traumatic experiences can be deeply troubling,” the researchers wrote. “Sleep may offer an opportunity to reduce such suffering.” (iStock)
“Our results were aligned with recent TMR research showing that episodic forgetting could be induced via reactivating interfering memories during sleep,” the researchers wrote in the study.
“Going beyond prior research on neutral memories, our results suggest that TMR preferentially reactivated recently acquired positive memories and weakened older aversive memories, thus altering the fate of emotional experiences.”
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Dr. Earnest Lee Murray, a board-certified neurologist at Jackson-Madison County General Hospital in Jackson, Tennessee, noted that TMR has been a method for treating PTSD and other aversive (bad) memories.
“This is done by combining sensory cues with therapeutic interventions and then re-presenting these cues during specific sleep phases,” Murray, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.
Many patients have reported improvements in mood and anxiety when sleep was improved, a sleep doctor said. (iStock)
This treatment has been shown to reduce the emotional impact of aversive memories, the neurologist added.
“This study not only shows a suppression or a weakening of aversive memory, but does so by reactivating newer positive memories while the patient is asleep,” Murray said. “This will open the door for additional research in ways to weaken traumatic or other bad memories.”
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In addition to psychotherapies, medications are sometimes used to suppress nightmares or other aversive memories, he noted.
“This study continues to show ways to treat these conditions without the use of medications, which oftentimes are fraught with adverse side effects.”
“This study continues to show ways to treat these conditions without the use of medications, which oftentimes are fraught with adverse side effects,” a sleep doctor said. (iStock)
Alex Dimitriu, MD, a board-certified psychiatrist and sleep medicine doctor and founder of Menlo Park Psychiatry & Sleep Medicine in California, was also not involved in the study, but said it is “fascinating” in what it reveals about how the brain processes memories during sleep.
“Our brains are unpacking, processing and repacking emotions in our sleep,” he told Fox News Digital. “I had suspected this before, and have often told my patients that sleep is like therapy for our emotions.”
Many of the doctor’s patients have reported improvements in mood and anxiety when sleep was improved.
“There has been evidence that in REM (dream sleep) in particular, a lot of emotional processing and rehearsal occurs,” Dimitriu said. “In this study, however, the intervention was in non-REM sleep, which shows that emotions are processed in other sleep phases as well.”
The process of using TMR to suppress negative emotions and fortify positive memories could have a “tremendous impact” on people with depression or trauma, an expert said. (iStock)
The process of using TMR to suppress negative emotions and fortify positive memories could have a “tremendous impact” on people with depression or trauma, the expert said.
“I am excited to see further research into this area, which essentially means we can learn and change while we are asleep.”
Potential limitations
The study did have some limitations, the researchers noted.
“Our brains are unpacking, processing and repacking emotions in our sleep.”
“First, although our experiment aims to weaken aversive memories, the lab-induced emotional experiences of viewing aversive/positive images may not mimic typical traumatic experiences,” they wrote.
It can also be difficult to find positive components within some highly traumatic experiences, they noted.
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“Future research should explore ways to introduce positive interfering memories, such as positive autobiographical memories or therapy-related memories, to effectively weaken real-life trauma memories,” the researchers stated.
“The role of REM sleep in modulating emotional memories shall be further investigated,” the study authors wrote. (iStock)
“Second, the role of REM sleep in modulating emotional memories shall be further investigated.”
The study received ethical approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Hong Kong.
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Funders included the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, along with other grants.
Fox News Digital reached out to the researchers for comment.
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Doctor reveals what 30 days without alcohol does to the brain and body amid Dry January
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After a season of bingeing and drinking, your body may feel like it needs a break from the party.
Dry January — a modern trend that challenges people to abstain from drinking for the first month of the year — has become a popular way to “detox” from the holidays and start the new year on a healthy note.
Research has linked alcohol to a variety of health conditions, ranging from hangovers to higher cancer risk.
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In a recent podcast episode of “The Dr. Mark Hyman Show,” Dr. Mark Hyman, chief medical officer of Function Health, shared how 30 days of not drinking alcohol can transform health.
Hyman, who is based in Massachusetts, called Dry January a “powerful way to see in real time how alcohol affects nearly every system of your body and how quickly those systems can recover.”
Dry January has become a popular way to “detox” from the holidays and start the new year on a healthy note. (iStock)
Alcohol’s toll on the brain and body
Hyman acknowledged that most people drink to feel happier and more comfortable in social situations. This effect is caused by the main ingredient in alcohol, called ethanol, which can also have toxic effects.
Instead of stimulating the brain, alcohol slows it down and loosens inhibitions. “You feel more relaxed, more social, more confident, maybe you feel a little euphoric,” Hyman said.
Alcohol’s effect on the brain can also lead to poorer decisions and slower reflexes, the doctor cautioned.
Drinking alcohol can cause cognitive decline and brain fog, experts warn. (iStock)
Drinking also impacts the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which Hyman described as “the adult in the room,” responsible for judgment, planning and restraint. “It goes offline early in drinking, which explains why people feel freer or act impulsively when they drink,” he said.
Even moderate drinking can cause metabolic stress, inflammation, impaired detoxification and hormonal shifts, Hyman said, which can impact nearly every organ system in the body.
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Alcohol consumption has also been linked to an increased risk of cancer, metabolic dysfunction, gut microbiome disturbances and mitochondrial toxins.
It can also prevent the body from falling into REM sleep, which is the deep rest recovery period when the immune system cleans out the day’s toxins, according to Hyman.
Alcohol can impact deep rest and mental health, according to experts. (iStock)
Memory loss, cognitive decline, anxiety, sleep disruption, dementia and cardiovascular disease are all known risks of long-term alcohol use, as well as liver complications like fatty liver disease.
“Bottom line, alcohol taxes every major system in your body, especially your liver, your brain, your gut, your hormones,” Hyman said.
The effects of 30 days with no alcohol
The first week after your last drink, the body begins to detoxify and reset, according to Hyman. Blood sugar and cortisol stress hormones level out, and the liver begins to process a “backlog of toxins.” The body also re-hydrates and re-energizes.
The first 30 days with no alcohol allows the body to balance itself out. (iStock)
The second week, the gut and brain will begin to re-balance, as hormones like serotonin and dopamine stabilize, gut inflammation drops and the microbiome begins to heal. Cravings for sugar and alcohol will wane and mental clarity returns, the doctor said.
Week three is marked by further decreases in inflammation, fatty liver and blood pressure. This can be noticeable in the skin, as puffiness and redness are reduced. Mood also begins to stabilize, with lower anxiety levels.
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In week four, the body experiences additional metabolic and immune benefits, Hyman shared, including more insulin sensitivity, which makes it easier to lose weight.
“You have a stronger immune response. You’re not getting sick as much. You have better deep sleep, balanced hormones, especially cortisol and testosterone,” he said. “And you see a big change in energy, confidence and focus.”
Abstaining from alcohol can help restore energy, according to experts. (iStock)
Dr. Pinchieh Chiang, a clinician at Circle Medical in San Francisco, said that Dry January isn’t a “detox,” but rather provides “feedback” from the body.
“It gives the body time to show people how it feels without alcohol. For many, that insight alone changes their relationship with drinking,” she said. “The biggest surprise isn’t what people give up, it’s how much better they feel.”
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The doctor confirmed that the first few days of not drinking may feel harder than expected, sometimes causing restlessness, cravings or disrupted sleep, but Dry January can ultimately change drinking habits for the remainder of the year.
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After a full year without alcohol, Chiang noted that health improvements are more profound. “We see sustained improvements in blood pressure, liver function and inflammation,” she said. “Those changes directly affect long-term heart disease and stroke risk.”
The risks of ‘all or nothing’
Some experts warn that adopting the Dry January trend could strengthen the urge to drink more in the other months, noting that some drinkers may find more success by slowly consuming fewer drinks per week.
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Thomas Stopka, Ph.D., an epidemiologist and professor in the public health and community medicine department at Tufts University School of Medicine in Massachusetts, shared in a Futurity report that for some people, “damp January” may be more suitable.
One expert warned that not all drinkers should quit “cold turkey,” as it could lead to severe withdrawals. (iStock)
“Dry January is well-intentioned, and it may work really well for the people who can stick to it, maybe even beyond January,” he said. “Other people may be more inclined to cut down on alcohol consumption rather than quit drinking completely for the month.”
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Stopka noted that successful harm-reduction approaches “aim to be judgment free.”
“Substance use disorder is a disease,” he said. “It takes time to treat the disease and to stay connected to the continuum of care — from prevention to treatment initiation to sustained therapy, whether through medication, self-help, or individual therapy or group support.”
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Those struggling with signs of alcohol use disorder should consult a medical professional for personalized guidance.
Fox News Digital reached out to several alcohol industry associations requesting comment.
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