Health
New cancer therapy hunts and destroys deadly tumors in major breakthrough study
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Scientists at UCLA have developed an “off-the-shelf” cell-based immunotherapy that was able to track down and kill pancreatic cancer cells even after they had spread to other organs.
In a mouse study, the treatment slowed cancer growth, extended survival and remained effective even within the harsh environment of solid tumors.
“Even when the cancer tries to evade one attack pathway by changing its molecular signature, our therapy is hitting it from multiple other angles at the same time. The tumor simply can’t adapt fast enough,” lead author Dr. Yanruide Li, a post-doctoral scholar at UCLA, said in a press release.
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To build the therapy, researchers took human stem cells and turned them into a special type of immune cell called an invariant natural killer T cell (or NKT cell).
Next, they genetically modified those cells by adding a CAR receptor (chimeric antigen receptor), which enables the cells to recognize and attack pancreatic cancer cells.
UCLA scientists created an off-the-shelf CAR-NKT cell therapy that killed pancreatic tumors in multiple pre-clinical models. (iStock)
NKT cells are naturally compatible with any immune system, which means they can enter the body without causing dangerous reactions, according to the researchers. They can also be mass-produced using any donated blood stem cells.
“One donor could provide sufficient cells for thousands of treatments,” potentially offering a more affordable and accessible approach, according to the press release.
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The team tested the therapy in several lab models. These included models where the cancer was placed directly into the pancreas and others designed to mimic how the disease spreads to other organs, like the liver and lungs.
The CAR-NKT cells were able to push their way into the tumor itself, rather than getting stuck on the outside like many immune treatments do, the researchers found.
Researchers emphasized that one dose could cost around $5,000, far lower than personalized CAR-T treatments. (iStock)
Once they got inside the body, these engineered immune cells could spot cancer cells in several different ways and kill them using multiple built-in attack methods.
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Most importantly, they stayed active. Many immune cells that enter a solid tumor quickly become overwhelmed and shut down, but these engineered cells kept working instead of burning out, allowing them to continue fighting the cancer for a longer period.
The findings were published in the journal PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences).
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“Developing a therapy that targets both the primary tumor and its metastases in pre-clinical studies — one that can be ready to use off-the-shelf — represents a fundamental shift in how we might treat this disease,” said senior author Dr. Lili Yang, a professor of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics at UCLA, in the same press release.
The researchers noted that one dose could cost around $5,000, far lower than personalized CAR-T treatments.
The therapy can be mass-produced from donor stem cells, potentially lowering cost and expanding access. (iStock)
Pancreatic cancer is notoriously aggressive and difficult to treat, according to the researchers. Most patients aren’t diagnosed until the disease has already spread, and the tumor’s biology creates multiple physical and chemical barriers that weaken the impact of traditional treatments.
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Since the therapy targets a protein that is common in breast, ovarian and lung cancers, the same cell product could potentially treat multiple cancer types.
In separate studies, the team has already demonstrated the therapy’s effectiveness against triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Most patients aren’t diagnosed until the disease has already spread, and the tumor’s biology creates multiple physical and chemical barriers that weaken the impact of traditional treatments. (iStock)
Based on the early findings, the UCLA researchers are preparing to submit applications to the Food and Drug Administration to begin human trials.
“We’ve developed a therapy that’s potent, safe, scalable and affordable,” Yang said in the release. “The next critical step is proving it can deliver the same results in patients we’ve seen in our preclinical work.”
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All testing so far has been done in mice, as the researchers noted that solid tumors in humans are far more complex. Human tumors can evolve and lose the targets that treatments are designed to recognize, raising the risk of the cancer escaping detection and continuing to grow.
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Long-term safety and side effects in humans are unknown ahead of clinical trials.
The researchers also noted that making big batches of identical, safe cells poses logistical and regulatory challenges.
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Certain people who use cannabis tend to drink less alcohol, a new study found.
Researchers from Brown University’s Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies set out to determine whether cannabis use has an effect on alcohol craving and consumption — specifically, whether smoking marijuana can reduce alcohol use in heavy drinkers.
The randomized, controlled study included 157 adults between the ages of 21 and 44 who reported heavy drinking and regular cannabis use (at least bi-weekly).
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Each participant completed three two-hour “lab sessions” with different types of cannabis use. They received one of two levels of THC or a placebo, and then were given the choice to drink alcohol or accept a cash payment.
Those who smoked cannabis with the higher level of THC (7.2%) consumed about 27% less alcohol than those who smoked a placebo. They also reported an immediate reduction in the urge to drink.
Those who smoked cannabis with the higher level of THC (7.2%) consumed about 27% less alcohol than those who smoked a placebo. (iStock)
Participants who smoked cannabis with 3.1% THC smoked about 19% less alcohol.
“In our controlled bar lab study, after people smoked cannabis, they drank about a quarter less alcohol over the next two hours,” lead study author Jane Metrik, Ph.D., professor of behavioral and social sciences at Brown’s Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, told Fox News Digital.
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Cannabis had mixed effects on alcohol cravings, the researchers reported.
“We found a significant decrease in alcohol urge immediately after smoking cannabis, but not a consistent effect on a different measure of alcohol craving,” Metrik said. “This suggests that cannabis may not exert a uniform effect on alcohol motivation, and that other mechanisms may also explain how cannabis impacts subsequent alcohol use.”
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The study, which was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, was published last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
Risks and limitations
The study did have limitations, the researchers acknowledged.
“The study tested only one cannabinoid (THC) in smoked cannabis, which means the results may not generalize to the wide range of cannabis products, formulations and other cannabinoids,” Metrik told Fox News Digital. “The study sample also consisted of individuals who used cannabis nearly every day, so those who use cannabis less often may show different alcohol-related behaviors.”
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The researchers also did not look at the effects of using cannabis and alcohol at the same time.
As the research was short-term and conducted in a “lab” setting, it’s unclear whether the reduced alcohol use would continue in the longer term or in real-world settings, they noted.
“In our controlled bar lab study, after people smoked cannabis, they drank about a quarter less alcohol over the next two hours,” the lead researcher said. (iStock)
The study results do not justify recommending cannabis as a substitute for alcohol among people with alcohol-use disorder, the researchers stated, as the long-term health effects and addiction risks for cannabis remain uncertain.
“It is important to understand that cannabis’ impact varies substantially across individuals,” Mitek said, noting that while the substance may reduce drinking in the short term, it also presents its own risks.
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“Our study is a first step, and we need more long-term research before drawing conclusions for public health,” she said. “We do not have clear evidence of long-term safety and efficacy of using cannabis as alcohol treatment. For now, I would not recommend using cannabis to cut down on alcohol use.”
For people who are already substituting cannabis for alcohol, Mitek recommends that they closely monitor their use and be aware of the risk of cannabis use disorder. She also “strongly encourages” them to consider evidence-based alcohol treatments.
Experts weigh in
Marcel Bonn-Miller, Ph.D., a cannabis researcher with Ajna BioSciences in Colorado, noted that the study highlights the current market trends, which show that alcohol sales have decreased significantly as THC has become more accessible.
“In our controlled bar lab study, after people smoked cannabis, they drank about a quarter less alcohol over the next two hours.”
“As many consumers report using THC beverages and other non-inhaled methods of administration as alternatives to alcohol, it would be important for future clinical trials to determine the effect of these formats on alcohol use behavior over time,” the researcher, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.
Riana Durrett, director of the Cannabis Policy Institute at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, praised the study’s “rigorous” design.
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“Overall, the experimental design is a rare feature in this area of research because it can be logistically difficult to give people cannabis in the lab (given its federal Schedule I status), so this is a really unique study,” Durrett, who was also not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.
The results align with the “California sober” trend, where smoking cannabis may be a way to reduce other substance use, she noted.
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While some individuals have reported that cannabis has helped them recover from other substance use disorders, the effect hasn’t been tested extensively, according to Durrett.
While the study infers cannabis use does decrease alcohol use in a single session, the long-term effects of cannabis use on alcohol consumption are unknown. (iStock)
The expert agreed that while the study infers cannabis use does decrease alcohol use in a single session, there are some unknowns, including the long-term effects of cannabis use on alcohol consumption.
“So, it is still possible that in the longer term, cannabis use may be harmful for drinking outcomes,” she said. “We also don’t know the net effect of swapping out one substance (such as alcohol) for another (such as cannabis).”
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“It might be easy to believe that using cannabis instead of alcohol is a win, but we really don’t know if that is true or not from the current research.”
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Durrett added, “Hopefully, this study and similar ones can add tools to our toolkit on how to reduce problem drinking.”
Mitek noted that additional research is needed to evaluate “clinically relevant alcohol outcomes,” particularly among people who are seeking treatment for alcohol-use disorder.
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People with “beer bellies” may have an increased risk of heart damage, raising fresh concerns about the health risks tied to extra weight around the midsection.
German researchers found that men with fat deposits around the abdomen showed clear signs of early heart damage, even when their overall weight wasn’t especially high.
Scientists wanted to better understand whether abdominal fat — the kind stored deep around internal organs — is more harmful to the heart than general body fat.
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Doctors have long suspected that fat distribution, not just total pounds, plays a major role in heart disease. This study tested that idea using cardiac MRI scans.
“Abdominal obesity, a high waist-to-hip ratio, is associated with more concerning cardiac remodeling patterns than high body mass index (BMI) alone,” said study lead author Jennifer Erley, M.D., radiology resident at University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, in a press release.
Men with higher waist-to-hip ratios showed early signs of heart damage even when their overall weight wasn’t very high. (iStock)
The research team examined 2,244 adults between the ages of 46 and 78, none of whom had been diagnosed with heart disease. Each participant underwent high-resolution MRI scans that measured the size, thickness and volume of the heart’s chambers.
Researchers also collected detailed health information, including weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking status and diabetes history.
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Instead of relying solely on BMI, which can miss where fat is stored, the team used a measurement of waist-to-hip ratio, which compares the circumference of the waist to the hips and determines how much fat sits around the abdomen.
High ratios point to visceral fat, which is the deeper, metabolically active fat linked to inflammation and organ stress.
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Men with higher waist-to-hip ratios showed a pattern of thicker heart muscles and smaller internal chamber volume. That means the heart muscle becomes bulkier but holds less blood, forcing it to work harder, according to the researchers.
Cardiac MRI scans revealed thicker heart walls and smaller chamber volume in people with excess belly fat. (iStock)
“[Abdominal obesity] appears to lead to a potentially pathological form of cardiac remodeling,” said Erley.
Based on BMI alone, 69% of males and 56% of females in the study were overweight or obese. Using waist-to-hip ratio, however, 91% of the males and 64% of females met the criteria for obesity.
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General obesity based on BMI was more often linked to enlarged heart chambers for all participants. Abdominal obesity was associated with thickening of the heart muscle and smaller heart chamber volumes.
Over time, those structural changes can lead to heart failure or other cardiovascular problems, the researchers warned.
“[Abdominal obesity] appears to lead to a potentially pathological form of cardiac remodeling.”
These associations remained strong even after researchers accounted for age, smoking, blood pressure and other risk factors.
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The same trend appeared in women, but the effect was significantly stronger in men. Researchers noted that men tend to store fat in the abdomen more readily than women, especially as they age, which may explain the sharper impact.
The heart effect was strongest in men, likely due to differences in how men and women store fat. (iStock)
The findings help to clarify why some people with normal or moderately elevated BMI still develop heart disease, while others weighing more do not. It also suggests that simply stepping on a scale may not capture the full picture of heart risk.
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The study did have some limitations, primarily that it was observational in design, meaning that it identified patterns but could not prove direct causation.
Additionally, researchers did not follow participants long enough to see who eventually developed heart disease, they acknowledged.
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And waist-to-hip ratio, while useful, is a simplified measure that doesn’t capture all variations in body composition.
The findings are being presented this week at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago.
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Dick Van Dyke turns 100 this year, and he says he feels “really good.”
In a recent conversation with People, he credits his attitude for both his age and the fact that he has “no pain, no discomfort.”
“I’ve always thought that anger is one thing that eats up a person’s insides – and hate,” Van Dyke said, explaining how people often ask what he did right.
He added that he’s “rather lazy” and never felt driven by the kind of resentment that can harden over time.
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Dick Van Dyke credits his longevity largely to avoiding anger and hate rather than following any strict lifestyle regimen. (Gilbert Flores/Variety via Getty Images)
“Sometimes I have more energy than others – but I never wake up in a bad mood,” he told People.
The actor explained that while there were always things and people he didn’t like or approve of, he “never really was able to work up a feeling of hate,” and certainly not “a white-heat kind of hate.”
He contrasted himself with his father, who was “constantly upset by the state of things in his life,” noting to People that his father died at 73.
Van Dyke believes avoiding that emotional pattern is one of the chief things that kept him going.
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Modern research appears to back up this idea that emotional states play a meaningful role in long-term health.
Studies on aging adults show that anger can heighten inflammation in the body, raising levels of markers like IL-6 and increasing risk of illness.
He says he has “no pain, no discomfort” at nearly 100, attributing it in part to emotional steadiness. (Monica Schipper/Getty Images)
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These effects can accelerate the wear-and-tear process associated with aging.
The broader scientific picture suggests that patterns of hostility or persistent irritation function like a physiological tax, straining the systems that keep the body resilient.
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Van Dyke explained in the interview his belief that “people are born with an outlook.”
“I just think I was born with a brighter outlook,” while others, he says, are born having to fight against downward spirals.
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Studies suggest reducing hostility and negative emotions can support resilience, slow aging, and potentially extend lifespan. (Amanda Edwards/Getty Images)
“And after 100 years, I think I’m right.”
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“When you expire, you expire,” he told People. “I don’t have any fear of death for some reason. I can’t explain that but I don’t. I’ve had such a wonderfully full and exciting life… I can’t complain.”
Van Dyke’s 100th birthday falls on Dec. 13.
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