Health
Common vitamin byproduct may help cancer evade immune system, study finds
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A substance the body makes from vitamin A can make the immune system less effective at fighting cancer, a new study reveals.
Vitamin A itself is an essential nutrient, but one of its byproducts can accidentally “turn off” parts of the immune response against cancer, according to new research published in Nature Immunology.
Blocking that byproduct’s effects can restore immune activity and may improve cancer immunotherapy, the findings suggest.
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Researchers at the Princeton University Branch of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research made this discovery by growing dendritic cells — key immune cells that activate the body’s defenses — in the lab.
As these cells developed, the scientists noticed that they naturally turned on an enzyme that makes retinoic acid, a molecule that comes from vitamin A.
Scientists found that when dendritic cells made a lot of the retinoic acid, they were less able to send strong danger signals to the immune system. (iStock)
Retinoic acid can weaken dendritic cells’ ability to stimulate immune responses. This reduces the effectiveness of dendritic cell vaccines, an immunotherapy that trains the immune system to attack cancer, according to the study.
The researchers also found that when dendritic cells made a lot of the retinoic acid, they were less able to send strong danger signals to the immune system.
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When they removed the retinoic acid, the dendritic cells became stronger and better at activating T cells, which are the immune system’s cancer-killing cells.
Vitamin A itself is an essential nutrient, but one of its byproducts can accidentally “turn off” parts of the immune response against cancer. (iStock)
A second study, published in iScience by collaborators from the same research group, looked at how to develop drugs to block this process.
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Using computer modeling and large drug screens, the team designed and identified small molecules that blocked the enzymes that produce retinoic acid.
This led to the creation of a promising inhibitor that shuts down retinoic acid production in a controlled way — the same tool used in the first study’s experiments, the researchers noted.
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“Taken together, our findings reveal the broad influence retinoic acid has in attenuating vitally important immune responses to cancer,” lead researcher Yibin Kang said in a press release.
“In exploring this phenomenon, we also solved a long-standing challenge in pharmacology by developing safe and selective inhibitors of retinoic acid signaling and established preclinical proof of concept for their use in cancer immunotherapy.”
Vitamin A remains an essential nutrient for normal immune function, growth and vision, according to the National Institute of Health. (iStock)
Study limitations
As these findings are based on laboratory and animal models, they may not fully reflect how retinoic acid functions in humans.
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Also, the studies examined a specific vitamin A-derived molecule (retinoic acid) acting in immune cells, not dietary vitamin A intake or overall vitamin A status.
Vitamin A remains an essential nutrient for normal immune function, growth and vision, according to the National Institute of Health, and extensive human studies have found no evidence that vitamin A causes cancer.
Health
Kids need snow days, not more screen time, doctors say amid winter storms
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Top stories
→ Doctors say good old-fashioned snow days benefit kids’ health
→ Deadly cancer risk spikes with certain levels of alcohol consumption
→ Sleep timing could increase heart attack or stroke risk, study suggests
Snow days shouldn’t be seen as “lost time,” one expert said, noting that they help regulate the nervous system, improve mood, and allow kids to return to school more focused and refreshed. (iStock)
On the lookout
→ Men face hidden heart risk years earlier than women, study suggests
→ Women face invisible skin struggle in midlife: “Too young for wrinkles, too old for pimples”
Conversation starters
→ Viral videos show ripped gym bros collapsing during Pilates workouts
→ Men’s underwear and fertility risks go viral as doctors push back on claims
→ “High January” fuels cannabis boom as experts flag some serious health dangers
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Quote of the week
“The less you drink, the better.”
→ Fox News senior medical analyst Dr. Marc Siegel said he agrees with shifting alcohol guidelines, because any set standard sends an “unintentional message that some amount of alcohol is safe.”
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Health
Men face hidden heart risk years earlier than women, study suggests
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Men are at a much higher risk of heart attacks than women earlier in life, a new study reveals.
Researchers at Northwestern University found that men start to develop coronary heart disease years earlier than women, with differences emerging as early as the mid-30s, according to a press release.
The study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA), analyzed data from more than 5,000 adults, aged 18 to 30, from the mid-1980s through 2020, as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) analysis.
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Men reached a 5% incidence of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack, stroke and heart failure, at around 50 years old compared to 57 for women.
Coronary heart disease, which is when blood vessels that supply the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked, was the main driver of the difference, as men reached a 2% incidence more than a decade before women. Stroke and heart failure emerged later in life.
Heart disease risk among men rises faster at around 35 years of age, research finds. (iStock)
Men’s risk began rising faster at around age 35 and remained high throughout midlife, according to the research. Everyone in the study was under 65 years old at the last follow-up.
Current guidelines generally recommend cardiovascular risk assessment beginning around age 40, which some experts say may miss an important window for early prevention.
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Heart disease develops over decades, with early markers detectable in young adulthood, according to senior study author Alexa Freedman, assistant professor of preventive medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
Lifestyle factors are most likely the main driver of cardiovascular events in men, a cardiologist suggests. (iStock)
“Our findings highlight the importance of promoting heart health screening and prevention in young adulthood, especially for young men,” Freedman told Fox News Digital.
The researchers emphasized the importance of looking beyond standard measures of heart risk, like cholesterol or blood pressure, and considering a “broader range of biological and social factors.”
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Dr. Andrew Freeman, cardiologist and director of clinical cardiology at National Jewish Health in Denver, was not involved in the study but commented on the findings.
“We have always known that men tend to manifest and typically die earlier from things like heart attacks and strokes compared to women,” he told Fox News Digital.
The lead researcher recommends more frequent or early CT angiograms to help prevent cardiac events. (iStock)
Although the study did not identify why more men are predisposed to heart issues than women, Freeman said factors like hormonal differences, diet and physical activity could come into play.
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“The standard American lifestyle makes us all sick, and then men seem to be more prone to developing this disease earlier,” the cardiologist told Fox News Digital.
“We are more exposed to toxins than ever before in virtually every part of our food supply,” he added. “We already know well that air pollution, light pollution and sound pollution are all associated with earlier heart disease.”
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Americans are also more sedentary, get less sleep, are more stressed and are less socially connected, all of which can increase cardiovascular diseases, Freeman added.
“I think this study is really underscoring that it’s time for some big changes,” he said.
Regular daily exercise is one way to set up your heart for a long life, experts agree. (iStock)
The doctor shared the following five “healthspan” tips to help prevent heart health issues.
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- Limit toxin exposure in the form of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, nicotine and air pollution
- Eat a predominately low-fat, whole-food, plant-based diet
- Exercise regularly, ideally 20 to 30 minutes every day at a level of breathlessness (with sign-off from a doctor)
- Partake in stress-relieving activities and mindfulness exercises
- Get adequate, uninterrupted sleep
- Cultivate a strong support network of friends and family
“We need to do everything we can to clean up our lifestyles and reduce our disease burden.”
Freeman also recommends addressing any comorbidities, like high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity.
Those at a higher risk of cardiovascular events may want to consider earlier screening, although Freeman suggested that early prevention efforts should apply to everyone.
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“Coronary disease is manifesting earlier than ever here in the U.S., and we need to do everything we can to clean up our lifestyles and reduce our disease burden,” he said. “If you’re a man, you’ve got to be extra aggressive earlier in life.”
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