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Cardiologist answers some of the top heart health questions on Google for American Heart Month

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Cardiologist answers some of the top heart health questions on Google for American Heart Month

People are curious about heart health — and for good reason.

Heart disease remains the leading killer of men and women in the U.S. — each year, around 695,000 people die from cardiovascular conditions, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

For American Heart Month, Dr. Martha Gulati, M.D., a leading Cedars Sinai cardiologist and president of the American Society of Preventive Cardiology, is sharing some of the most commonly googled questions about heart health, according to Google Trends.

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Below are the questions — followed by the doctor’s answers.

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Did you ever wonder about these issues? Take a look. 

Heart disease remains the leading killer of men and women in the U.S. — each year, some 695,000 people in the country die from cardiovascular conditions. (iStock)

‘What is heart arrhythmia?’

Heart arrhythmia occurs when there is an abnormality in the rhythm of the heartbeat, said Gulati. 

“This means your heart either beats too fast, a condition known as tachycardia, or too slow, also known as bradycardia, or irregularly,” she told Fox News Digital.

Arrhythmias can be triggered by genetics, stress, pre-existing heart conditions, or lifestyle habits such as smoking and poor diet. 

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They can affect people of all ages, Gulati noted.

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“The most common type of arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation, also known as AFib,” she said. 

“AFib is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications.”

Around 12.1 million people in the U.S. are expected to have AFib by 2030, according to the CDC. 

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‘What are the symptoms of heart arrhythmias?’

Heart arrhythmias can have very different symptoms depending on the type of arrhythmia, the severity and the health of the individual, according to Gulati.

Symptoms of a cardiac episode can include chest pain, discomfort, fatigue and dizziness.

“Although these symptoms are alarming and can certainly induce anxiety, it’s important to know when they require an urgent hospital visit,” the doctor said. 

Heart arrhythmia occurs when there is an abnormality in the rhythm of the heartbeat. (iStock)

One challenge of arrhythmia symptoms is that they can come and go, she said.

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“Sometimes, a patient makes an appointment or comes to the hospital after experiencing a cardiac symptom and, by the time they speak with a doctor, their symptoms have abated,” said Gulati. 

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“It is difficult to treat patients who are no longer presenting with the symptoms they experienced, and it can be frightening or frustrating for patients who just want to understand what is going on with their bodies.”

Medical-grade personal digital health tools can help break this cycle, she said; they allow patients to access accurate, real-time heart data that they can share with their physicians. 

Medical-grade personal digital health tools allow patients to access accurate, real-time heart data that they can share with their physicians, a doctor said. (iStock)

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“For patients, these tools can provide additional peace of mind and insight into their heart health,” Gulati said. 

“For health care providers, they offer a more comprehensive understanding of a patient’s condition and enable us to potentially implement more timely interventions.”

‘What are heart palpitations?’

These are typically characterized by a rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeat and can often be felt in the chest, throat or neck, according to Gulati.

Triggers of palpitations can include stress, anxiety, hormonal changes or stimulants like caffeine.

“Heart palpitations on their own aren’t always a cause for alarm,” said Gulati. 

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Heart palpitations are typically characterized by a rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeat and can often be felt in the chest, throat or neck. (iStock)

Patients can purchase home devices online that allow them to easily record symptoms, receive a reading and confirm whether they are experiencing a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia, the doctor noted. 

“However, if you experience heart palpitations coupled with chest pain, fainting or severe dizziness, it is important to seek immediate medical attention,” she added.

‘What causes heart arrhythmias?’

Heart arrhythmias can have a myriad of symptoms — plus a variety of causes.

Lifestyle habits such as activity level, diet or smoking can have a serious impact on overall wellness, particularly heart health, Gulati noted. 

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“As health care providers, we stress the importance of a good diet and daily exercise, because it keeps your heart in good shape and reduces the risk of heart disease,” she said.

There are some uncontrollable factors that can contribute to arrhythmias, however.

“One of these is abnormalities in the heart structure, which tend to be congenital, meaning something you’re born with,” Gulati told Fox News Digital. 

“Age-related changes can affect the way our hearts operate and the way electrical impulses flow through our cardiovascular system.”

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“Congenital heart conditions can impact the way electrical activity signals travel through the heart, which can then impact the heart’s rhythm.”

Age-related changes can also make people more susceptible.

“If you experience heart palpitations coupled with chest pain, fainting or severe dizziness, it is important to seek immediate medical attention,” a cardiologist said. (iStock)

“As we age, our hearts change,” the doctor said. “These age-related changes, though natural, can affect the way our hearts operate and the way electrical impulses flow through our cardiovascular system.”

It’s important to understand the specific factors that contribute to arrhythmias in order to get proper diagnosis and treatment, according to Gulati.

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“While lifestyle choices can influence overall health, managing aging and congenital or genetic factors often requires a multifaceted and personal approach,” she said. 

“The more proactive you are about your heart health, the better. Regular check-ups and monitoring can help identify and manage these factors.”

‘What are arrhythmia treatments?’

Treatments for arrhythmia will differ depending on each individual’s symptoms and contributing factors, Gulati said. 

“It’s important for your doctors to have access to as much information as possible so they can make the most informed decisions about your care,” she said.

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Treatments for arrhythmia will be different depending on each individual’s symptoms and contributing factors. (iStock)

Early detection and intervention can significantly impact the long-term prognosis and reduce the risk of complications, such as stroke or heart failure, the doctor noted. 

“That’s why I stress the importance of providing real-time data to physicians about what you’re experiencing when you’re experiencing it,” she said. 

“This not only fosters a deeper understanding of your unique circumstances and needs, but it also allows your doctor to tailor treatments based on day-to-day insights.”

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Doctor reveals what 30 days without alcohol does to the brain and body amid Dry January

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Doctor reveals what 30 days without alcohol does to the brain and body amid Dry January

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After a season of bingeing and drinking, your body may feel like it needs a break from the party.

Dry January — a modern trend that challenges people to abstain from drinking for the first month of the year — has become a popular way to “detox” from the holidays and start the new year on a healthy note.

Research has linked alcohol to a variety of health conditions, ranging from hangovers to higher cancer risk.

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In a recent podcast episode of “The Dr. Mark Hyman Show,” Dr. Mark Hyman, chief medical officer of Function Health, shared how 30 days of not drinking alcohol can transform health.

Hyman, who is based in Massachusetts, called Dry January a “powerful way to see in real time how alcohol affects nearly every system of your body and how quickly those systems can recover.”

Dry January has become a popular way to “detox” from the holidays and start the new year on a healthy note. (iStock)

Alcohol’s toll on the brain and body

Hyman acknowledged that most people drink to feel happier and more comfortable in social situations. This effect is caused by the main ingredient in alcohol, called ethanol, which can also have toxic effects.

Instead of stimulating the brain, alcohol slows it down and loosens inhibitions. “You feel more relaxed, more social, more confident, maybe you feel a little euphoric,” Hyman said.

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Alcohol’s effect on the brain can also lead to poorer decisions and slower reflexes, the doctor cautioned.

Drinking alcohol can cause cognitive decline and brain fog, experts warn. (iStock)

Drinking also impacts the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which Hyman described as “the adult in the room,” responsible for judgment, planning and restraint. “It goes offline early in drinking, which explains why people feel freer or act impulsively when they drink,” he said.

Even moderate drinking can cause metabolic stress, inflammation, impaired detoxification and hormonal shifts, Hyman said, which can impact nearly every organ system in the body.

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Alcohol consumption has also been linked to an increased risk of cancer, metabolic dysfunction, gut microbiome disturbances and mitochondrial toxins.

It can also prevent the body from falling into REM sleep, which is the deep rest recovery period when the immune system cleans out the day’s toxins, according to Hyman.

Alcohol can impact deep rest and mental health, according to experts. (iStock)

Memory loss, cognitive decline, anxiety, sleep disruption, dementia and cardiovascular disease are all known risks of long-term alcohol use, as well as liver complications like fatty liver disease.

“Bottom line, alcohol taxes every major system in your body, especially your liver, your brain, your gut, your hormones,” Hyman said.

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The effects of 30 days with no alcohol

The first week after your last drink, the body begins to detoxify and reset, according to Hyman. Blood sugar and cortisol stress hormones level out, and the liver begins to process a “backlog of toxins.” The body also re-hydrates and re-energizes.

The first 30 days with no alcohol allows the body to balance itself out. (iStock)

The second week, the gut and brain will begin to re-balance, as hormones like serotonin and dopamine stabilize, gut inflammation drops and the microbiome begins to heal. Cravings for sugar and alcohol will wane and mental clarity returns, the doctor said.

Week three is marked by further decreases in inflammation, fatty liver and blood pressure. This can be noticeable in the skin, as puffiness and redness are reduced. Mood also begins to stabilize, with lower anxiety levels.

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In week four, the body experiences additional metabolic and immune benefits, Hyman shared, including more insulin sensitivity, which makes it easier to lose weight.

“You have a stronger immune response. You’re not getting sick as much. You have better deep sleep, balanced hormones, especially cortisol and testosterone,” he said. “And you see a big change in energy, confidence and focus.”

Abstaining from alcohol can help restore energy, according to experts. (iStock)

Dr. Pinchieh Chiang, a clinician at Circle Medical in San Francisco, said that Dry January isn’t a “detox,” but rather provides “feedback” from the body.

“It gives the body time to show people how it feels without alcohol. For many, that insight alone changes their relationship with drinking,” she said. “The biggest surprise isn’t what people give up, it’s how much better they feel.”

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The doctor confirmed that the first few days of not drinking may feel harder than expected, sometimes causing restlessness, cravings or disrupted sleep, but Dry January can ultimately change drinking habits for the remainder of the year.

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After a full year without alcohol, Chiang noted that health improvements are more profound. “We see sustained improvements in blood pressure, liver function and inflammation,” she said. “Those changes directly affect long-term heart disease and stroke risk.”

The risks of ‘all or nothing’

Some experts warn that adopting the Dry January trend could strengthen the urge to drink more in the other months, noting that some drinkers may find more success by slowly consuming fewer drinks per week.

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Thomas Stopka, Ph.D., an epidemiologist and professor in the public health and community medicine department at Tufts University School of Medicine in Massachusetts, shared in a Futurity report that for some people, “damp January” may be more suitable.

One expert warned that not all drinkers should quit “cold turkey,” as it could lead to severe withdrawals. (iStock)

“Dry January is well-intentioned, and it may work really well for the people who can stick to it, maybe even beyond January,” he said. “Other people may be more inclined to cut down on alcohol consumption rather than quit drinking completely for the month.”

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Stopka noted that successful harm-reduction approaches “aim to be judgment free.”

“Substance use disorder is a disease,” he said. “It takes time to treat the disease and to stay connected to the continuum of care — from prevention to treatment initiation to sustained therapy, whether through medication, self-help, or individual therapy or group support.”

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Those struggling with signs of alcohol use disorder should consult a medical professional for personalized guidance.

Fox News Digital reached out to several alcohol industry associations requesting comment.

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