Health
African scientists baffled by monkeypox cases in Europe, US
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Scientists who’ve monitored quite a few outbreaks of monkeypox in Africa say they’re baffled by the illness’s current unfold in Europe and North America.
On Friday, France, Germany, Belgium and Australia reported their first infections.
Circumstances of the smallpox-related illness have beforehand been seen solely amongst folks with hyperlinks to central and West Africa. However previously week, Britain, Spain, Portugal, Italy, U.S., Sweden and Canada all reported infections, largely in younger males who hadn’t beforehand traveled to Africa.
The World Well being Group (WHO) wrote that monkeypox has been reported from 11 international locations that usually haven’t got the illness.
“There are about 80 confirmed instances, and 50 pending investigations. Extra prone to be reported,” it mentioned, noting that member states and different companions had been working to know extra concerning the outbreak.
In keeping with the Facilities for Illness Management (CDC), signs of monkeypox embody fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills and exhaustion.
Inside 1 to three days (generally longer) after the looks of a fever, the affected person develops a rash, usually starting on the face then spreading to different components of the physique. The rash can seem like chickenpox or syphilis, and scabs can type which then fall off.
The incubation interval of monkeypox is normally from six to 13 days however can vary from 5 to 21 days.
UK CONFIRMS MORE CASES OF MONKEYPOX
In keeping with the World Well being Group, there have been two instances of monkeypox in the US in 2021, each associated to current journey to Nigeria. Nigeria has been experiencing a monekypox outbreak since 2017.
“I’m surprised by this. On daily basis I get up and there are extra international locations contaminated,” mentioned Oyewale Tomori, a virologist who previously headed the Nigerian Academy of Science and who sits on a number of World Well being Group advisory boards.
“This isn’t the form of unfold we’ve seen in West Africa, so there could also be one thing new taking place within the West,” he mentioned.
So far, nobody has died within the outbreak. Monkeypox sometimes causes fever, chills, a rash and lesions on the face or genitals. WHO estimates the illness is deadly for as much as one in 10 folks, however smallpox vaccines are protecting, and a few antiviral medication are being developed.
British well being officers are exploring whether or not the illness is being sexually transmitted. Well being officers have requested docs and nurses to be on alert for potential instances, however mentioned the chance to the final inhabitants is low. The European Middle for Illness Management and Prevention advisable all suspected instances be remoted and that high-risk contacts be supplied the smallpox vaccine.
Nigeria stories about 3,000 monkeypox instances a yr, the WHO mentioned. Outbreaks are normally in rural areas, when folks have shut contact with contaminated rats and squirrels, Tomori mentioned. He mentioned many instances are doubtless missed.
Dr. Ifedayo Adetifa, head of the nation’s Middle for Illness Management, mentioned not one of the Nigerian contacts of the British sufferers have developed signs and that investigations had been ongoing.
WHO’s Europe director, Dr. Hans Kluge, described the outbreak as “atypical,” saying the looks of the illness in so many international locations throughout the continent prompt that “transmission has been ongoing for a while.” He mentioned many of the European instances are gentle.
In keeping with the U.S. Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention, monkeypox sometimes requires sustained contact with an contaminated individual with the intention to unfold.
On Friday, Britain’s Well being Safety Company reported 11 new monkeypox instances, saying that “a notable proportion” of the newest infections within the U.Ok. and Europe have been in younger males with no historical past of journey to Africa who had been homosexual, bisexual or had intercourse with males.
Authorities in Spain and Portugal additionally mentioned their instances had been in younger males who largely had intercourse with different males and mentioned these instances had been picked up when the boys turned up with lesions at sexual well being clinics.
Consultants have confused they have no idea if the illness is being unfold by means of intercourse or different shut contact associated to intercourse.
Nigeria hasn’t seen sexual transmission, Tomori mentioned, however he famous that viruses that hadn’t initially been identified to transmit by way of intercourse, like Ebola, had been later confirmed to take action after greater epidemics confirmed completely different patterns of unfold.
The identical could possibly be true of monkeypox, Tomori mentioned.
In Germany, Well being Minister Karl Lauterbach mentioned the federal government was assured the outbreak could possibly be contained. He mentioned the virus was being sequenced to see if there have been any genetic modifications which may have made it extra infectious.
Sajid Javid introduced on Friday that eleven new instances of monkeypox have been confirmed. Javid tweeted that he had up to date G7 well being ministers on what is understood concerning the unfold of the virus.
There are actually 20 instances recorded within the UK. Javid wrote, “Most instances are gentle, and I can affirm now we have procured additional doses of vaccines which might be efficient in opposition to monkeypox.”
Javid mentioned the U.Ok. was stocking up on smallpox vaccines to assist guard in opposition to monkeypox.
“I can affirm now we have procured additional doses,” he mentioned.
A smallpox vaccine affords safety in opposition to monkeypox because the two viruses are related.
MASSACHUSETTS CONFIRMS FIRST CASE OF MONKEYPOX IN THE UNITED STATES THIS YEAR
Rolf Gustafson, an infectious ailments’ professor, advised Swedish broadcaster SVT that it was “very troublesome” to think about the scenario may worsen.
“We will definitely discover some additional instances in Sweden, however I don’t assume there shall be an epidemic in any approach,” Gustafson mentioned. “There may be nothing to counsel that at current.”
Scientists mentioned that whereas it’s doable the outbreak’s first affected person caught the illness whereas in Africa, what’s taking place now could be distinctive.
“We’ve by no means seen something like what’s taking place in Europe,” mentioned Christian Happi, director of the African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Illnesses. “We haven’t seen something to say that the transmission patterns of monkeypox have been altering in Africa. So if one thing completely different is going on in Europe, then Europe wants to analyze that.”
Happi additionally identified that the suspension of smallpox vaccination campaigns after the illness was eradicated in 1980 may inadvertently be serving to monkeypox unfold. Smallpox vaccines additionally defend in opposition to monkeypox, however mass immunization was stopped many years in the past.
“Except for folks in west and Central Africa who might have some immunity to monkeypox from previous publicity, not having any smallpox vaccination means no one has any form of immunity to monkeypox,” Happi mentioned.
Shabir Mahdi, a professor of vaccinology on the College of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, mentioned an in depth investigation of the outbreak in Europe, together with figuring out who the primary sufferers had been, was now important.
“We have to actually perceive how this primary began and why the virus is now gaining traction,” he mentioned. “In Africa, there have been very managed and rare outbreaks of monkeypox. If that’s now altering, we actually want to know why.”
The Related Press contributed to this report.
Health
Deep sleep can keep two big health problems at bay, new studies suggest
It might be worth working a little bit harder to get that much-desired, but often elusive, good night’s sleep.
Deep sleep clears the mind of waste just as a “dishwasher” cleans dirty plates and glasses, just-published research suggests — and there’s more.
The findings also offer insights into how sleeping pills may disrupt the “brainwashing” system — potentially affecting cognitive function for people over the long run.
ANOTHER REASON TO GET MORE SLEEP AND THIS ONE MIGHT SURPRISE YOU
Study senior author professor Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester and the University of Copenhagen said norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter and hormone) triggers blood vessels to contract — generating slow pulsations that create a rhythmic flow in the surrounding fluid to carry away waste, news agency SWNS noted.
Said Nedergaard, “It’s like turning on the dishwasher before you go to bed and waking up with a clean brain. . . . We’re essentially asking what drives this process and trying to define restorative sleep based on” this “glymphatic clearance.”
The brain has a built-in waste removal process – the glymphatic system – that circulates fluid in the brain and spinal cord to clear out waste, according to the scientists.
The process helps remove toxic proteins that form sticky plaques linked to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
But the scientists indicated that what drives the system was unclear until now, according to the study.
Is all sleep created equal? The researchers wanted to find out.
To find clues, Nedergaard and her team looked into what happens in mice when their brains sleep, as SWNS reported of the study. The team focused on the relationship between norepinephrine and blood flow during deep sleep.
TRUMP’S DAYLIGHT SAVING PLAN AND SLEEP: WHAT YOU MUST KNOW
They found that norepinephrine waves correlate to variations in brain blood volume — suggesting that norepinephrine triggers a rhythmic pulsation in the blood vessels. The researchers then compared the changes in blood volume to brain fluid flow.
The brain fluid flow fluctuates in correspondence to blood volume changes, suggesting the vessels act as pumps to propel the surrounding brain fluid to flush out waste.
Natalie Hauglund of the University of Copenhagen and the University of Oxford, the study’s lead author, said, “You can view norepinephrine as [the] conductor of an orchestra.”
She added, “There’s a harmony in the constriction and dilation of the arteries, which then drives the cerebrospinal fluid through the brain to remove the waste products.”
‘I CAN’T SLEEP BECAUSE OF RACING THOUGHTS AT NIGHT — HOW CAN I STOP THEM?’: ASK A DOCTOR
Hauglund said she wanted to understand whether all sleep is created equal.
To find out, the research team administered zolpidem, a common drug to aid sleep, to mice.
“If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
They found that the norepinephrine waves during deep sleep were 50% lower in zolpidem-treated mice than in naturally sleeping mice.
Although the zolpidem-treated mice fell asleep more quickly — fluid transport into the brain dropped more than 30%, as SWNS reported.
The researchers say their findings, published in the journal Cell, suggest that the sleeping aid may disrupt the norepinephrine-driven waste clearance during sleep.
Hauglund said, “More and more people are using sleep medication, and it’s really important to know if that’s healthy sleep. If people aren’t getting the full benefits of sleep, they should be aware of that, so they can make informed decisions.”
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The research team said the findings likely apply to humans, who also have a glymphatic system, although it requires further testing.
Nedergaard added, “Now we know norepinephrine is driving the cleaning of the brain, we may figure out how to get people a long and restorative sleep.”
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Meanwhile, a lack of sleep may be doing more damage than just making people groggy.
It could be sabotaging the brain’s ability to keep intrusive thoughts at bay.
Another new study, this one published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that sleep deprivation weakens the brain’s defense against unwanted memories, allowing them to flood the mind, according to the New York Post.
“We show that sleep deprivation disrupts prefrontal inhibition of memory retrieval, and that the overnight restoration of this inhibitory mechanism is associated with time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,” the scientists said.
Health
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Health
California fires and mental health toll: Celebrities and therapists offer tips
As Los Angeles battles the worst wildfires in the city’s history, thousands of people have been displaced or have seen their homes burn to the ground.
Around 130,000 people were ordered to evacuate and some 10,000 structures were destroyed, according to the Associated Press. At least 10 people have died as a result of the blazes.
The devastation of the fires has undoubtedly taken a grave toll on the psyches of those affected, experts agree.
STEVE GUTTENBERG CALLS LA WILDFIRES ‘GREAT EQUALIZER,’ URGES PEOPLE TO LEAN ON ONE ANOTHER
Fox News Digital spoke with celebrities and mental health experts, who offered the following guidance for the people impacted.
Recognize your feelings
For those who have experienced a loss from the fires, common reactions include shock, disbelief and confusion, according to David Kessler, a grief counselor in Los Angeles and founder of Grief.com.
“I call it grief brain,” he told Fox News Digital.
“Your mind is trying to comprehend what happened, and it’s a hard thing for it to do, because this is unimaginable that your house, your safety, is suddenly gone.”
Not all grief is related to death, Kessler noted, as there are many different types of losses.
“I always say grief is a change you didn’t want — and certainly a fire is a change we didn’t want,” he added.
WHAT IS PTSD? SYMPTOMS THAT CAN EMERGE AFTER EXPERIENCING A TRAUMATIC EVENT
It’s important to “self-validate” the reality of the loss, he said.
“People might give you toxic positivity of, ‘well, at least no one died,’” he said. “And while that’s true, the reality is you still have lost your home. Don’t let anyone minimize that.”
“The loss of a home is devastating and it can take years to recover.”
“I think we’re going to deal with a lot of depression after this, a lot of sadness.”
Actor Steve Guttenberg, who lives in Pacific Palisades, California, where fires erupted on Tuesday, shared how the disaster has impacted his own mental health.
“I’ve seen so much tragedy the last three or four days that I’ve got to be careful to … keep a hold of my mind,” he said in an interview with Fox News Digital.
“And I think that we’re going to deal with a lot of depression after this, a lot of sadness. And it’s going to be really tough because this is like nothing you’ve ever seen.”
Gutenberg noted that while it’s “very normal” to be down, he is trying not to let himself “go down that hole.”
“But I’m pretty sad about this,” he added.
HOW TO COPE WITH ‘COLLECTIVE GRIEF’ WHEN MASS TRAGEDY STRIKES
Jonathan Alpert, a psychotherapist in Manhattan and Washington, D.C., noted that the grief following the Los Angeles fires is “profound.”
“It’s not just about the physical loss of homes or belongings — it’s also about the sense of safety and normalcy that has been lost,” he told Fox News Digital.
“It’s important for people to feel emotions and not ignore them. This is a normal reaction to such overwhelming loss and tragedy.”
Reach out for support
Guttenberg emphasized the importance of maintaining connections with others and drawing support from the community during a disaster of this magnitude.
“We’re social animals — we need people,” he said. “So I’m reaching out to my friends. There’s no way to meet right now because it’s so dangerous — so the best thing you cn do … is call and reach out and maybe you can drive somewhere.”
Most of the people in town have evacuated, he pointed out. “There’s probably 10% of the population left here. Or less.”
Kessler reiterated that connection is critical after this type of trauma. “We need to be taken care of. We need other people around us. People equal safety,” he said.
“We need other people around us. People equal safety.”
Pastor Jesse Bradley of Grace Community Church outside Seattle, Washington, agreed that it’s essential to avoid isolating yourself after a loss.
“We need God and we need each other. Community is vital,” he told Fox News Digital.
“Family, friends and neighbors care about you. God sends His love through these people. Reject isolation. Don’t shut down and don’t shut people out.”
Take action
“In times of crisis such as this, regaining even small amounts of control can be grounding,” Alpert said.
He recommends creating a plan for what’s next, whether it’s finding temporary housing, accessing local resources or starting the process of rebuilding.
“Taking action — no matter how small — can help you move forward.”
Kessler agreed, noting that people who are in the area but did not experience loss may feel a sense of relief mixed with guilt.
“If you do have survivor’s guilt, I always say the best thing is to take action,” he advised.
In the longer term, advocacy efforts can be a powerful tool in dealing with trauma, Alpert noted.
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“Working to improve fire prevention policies, supporting relief efforts or helping neighbors rebuild can provide a sense of purpose and empowerment during this difficult time,” he said.
Some people may be angry about the systems that failed to prevent the fires in the first place, Alpert acknowledged, and this anger can be a “powerful motivator.”
“Taking action — no matter how small — can help you move forward.”
“Use that energy to demand better, but don’t get stuck on the anger,” he advised.
“By holding leaders accountable for the policies — or lack thereof — that contributed to this devastation, and by asking the right questions and demanding answers, you might start to feel better.”
Seek professional help as needed
“The L.A. fires no doubt will not just leave physical scars, but deep emotional ones, too,” Alpert said.
“For many people, the fear, panic and helplessness experienced during the fires don’t just disappear — they linger, creating flashbacks, anxiety and difficulty functioning.”
In many cases, this can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms of this condition can include vivid memories of the fires, nightmares, hypervigilance or avoidance of anything that reminds someone of the event, Alpert said.
“It’s important to see this not as weakness, but rather, the mind’s and body’s way of trying to cope with extreme stress.”
“While the fires were devastating, they don’t diminish your strength or character.”
As you seek help, it’s also important to understand that PTSD doesn’t define you, he added.
“It’s a part of your experience, not your identity. While the fires were devastating, they didn’t diminish your strength or character.”
Lean on your faith
For those who have experienced traumatic grief, Kessler emphasized the importance of faith and spirituality.
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“They help ground us in a world full of fear,” he said. “And when we’ve lost everything, it can feel like our faith is the one thing we have to hold onto.”
During a time of crisis, Guttenberg said it’s important to “rely on anything that you believe in.”
“If you believe in your mom and dad, you rely on them, your brothers and sisters, your friends, your family. God, the universe.”
Above all, he added, “Just remember, you’re not alone. God is always with you. Jesus is always with you. You’ve got to hang on to that.”
Find ways to exercise gratitude
During times of hardship, it’s important to recognize the good things that are still in your life, Pastor Bradley said.
“It’s easy to be consumed with what you no longer have,” he told Fox News Digital.
For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health
“You need to be intentional to take inventory of the blessings in your life. For example, you might lose a home or business, but you still have family.”
This mindset will help you keep a healthy perspective and protect gratitude, Bradley added.
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