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Fitness
How much do you need to sweat to improve heart health?
Most studies focus on sustained aerobic exercise, but data suggests muscular strength also plays a role in reducing cardiovascular events.
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It would be remiss let February slip by without paying homage to Heart Month by acknowledging the role exercise plays in heart health.
There’s no disputing the positive effects exercise and physical activity have on cardiovascular health, with plenty of data suggesting that high levels of fitness can reduce mortality from cardiovascular events by upward of 50 per cent.
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That’s an impressive stat. But what’s more impressive is that taking up exercise after being diagnosed with heart disease can reduce the risk of a cardiac event by 70 per cent. And given that 2.6 million Canadians have one or more risk factors that increase their probability of having a heart attack or stroke, getting up and moving on a regular basis is a long-term investment in health and well-being.
The good news is that it doesn’t take a lot of exercise to enrich heart health. One hundred and fifty minutes of physical activity a week can significantly improve your risk profile. If that seems too daunting, consider boosting your daily step count. One thousand extra steps a day can reduce the risk of mortality by 23 per cent, with every 500 additional steps resulting in another drop of five to six per cent.
Most of the studies documenting the effects of exercise on the heart feature sustained aerobic exercise (walking, running, swimming, cycling), but there’s a significant amount of data suggesting that muscular strength also plays a role in reducing cardiovascular events.
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How strong do you need to be? A study of 1,104 active men noted that the more pushups they could do, the less likely they were to have a heart-related health scare. Men who performed more than 40 pushups benefited from a whopping 96-per-cent reduction in risk compared with those who could do less than 10 pushups.
There are fewer studies of heart disease in women, but the evidence that aerobic exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in the female population is still strong. What isn’t as obvious is whether strength training, without the addition of cardio, offers the same reduction in risk in women as it does in men.
How can you check in on your heart health? Smart watches gather information on heart rate, VO2max (aerobic capacity) and heart activity in real time. They also provide users with high and low heart rate and irregular rhythm notifications, which can provide a warning should there be a sudden change in heart activity.
Thirty-two-year-old Nathan Gossett from Ottawa bought an Apple Watch to track his workouts. An avid exerciser, he hits the gym most days of the week. But one morning, he woke up to several notifications that he experienced atrial fibrillation (a heart arrhythmia where the heart beats in a rapid, chaotic rhythm).
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“At first the doctor didn’t take me seriously,” said Gossett when he reported his watch’s notifications. “But when I was hooked up to a monitor, I was in AFib.”
The medical team shocked his heart back into a normal rhythm, and after a series of tests, it wasn’t long before the otherwise healthy Gossett was back in the gym. But now his wrist is never without his watch.
As good as smartwatches are at detecting arterial fibrillation, they can’t be counted on to warn of an impending heart attack or give you a heads up if you have heart disease. Yet they can offer unprecedented insight into heart activity. A high resting heart rate is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, lower physical fitness, higher blood pressure and body weight. Studies suggest that a resting heart rate higher than 80 beats per minute is associated with a 33-per-cent increased risk for cardiovascular death and a 45-per-cent higher risk of all-cause mortality.
Exercise is one of the most effective ways to lower resting heart rate with aerobic exercise, strength training and yoga found to decrease heart rate by anywhere from two to five beats per minute. Endurance athletes can have resting heart rates in the 40s and low 50s.
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If you don’t have a smartwatch, there are several apps that can measure your heart rate by touching your finger to your phone’s camera. As a bonus, most apps and smart watches keep a log of your heart rate readings, which makes it easier to track any notable increases or decreases over time.
You can also measure your heart rate the old-fashioned way, by lightly pressing the pointer and middle finger to the neck (gently run your fingers down from your earlobe to rest just under the jawline) or on the inside of the opposite wrist. The best readings are done in the morning before caffeine, stress and exercise can influence heart rate. Keep a log over the course of the week and use the average count as your baseline. Over the next several weeks, change your exercise habits and see how your resting heart rate responds.
If you’re just getting off the couch, add an additional 1,000 steps to your daily routine. If you’re already exercising, try adding bouts of high-intensity exercise to your workouts. And don’t forget about consistency. It can take weeks or months before you notice a drop in your resting heart rate.
In the meantime, rest assured that your heart appreciates the extra effort.
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Fitness
As cost of living bites, one of the things slipping may be fitness goals
For Hobart teacher Mary Holton, health means everything.
She started feeling the squeeze from cost-of-living pressures when fuel prices spiked again.
“Going out for just fitness alone was a bit much,”
she said.
Mary Holton says since joining the group, her fitness across the board has improved. (ABC News: Jake Grant)
Many Tasmanians are feeling cost-of-living pressures in a very physical way, with locals saying exercise routines are being dropped, health appointments delayed and wellbeing pushed to the bottom of the list as budgets tighten.
Ms Holton relies on multiple physiotherapy sessions each week, but says paid fitness classes simply are not an option.
“That costs … so to actually go to other classes as well, it’s out of my budget really.“
Ollie Mathewson conducts a free workout session. (ABC News: Jake Grant)
National data shows that almost half of Australians already fall short of minimum physical activity guidelines, and rising prices are making even basic care unaffordable for many.
Consultant clinical psychologist academic Kimberley Norris says this is exactly how unhealthy patterns begin.
“We tend to focus on the most stressful thing first … and health is one of those things we don’t think about until things go wrong,”
Professor Norris said.
Kimberley Norris says humans tend to focus on alleviating stress first and foremost, and warns de-prioritising health can become a cycle. (ABC News: Jake Grant)
For Ms Holton, going to a free workout group in her local community was a game-changer.
“Came down and absolutely loved it. It’s really nice to have a group and it just keeps growing,” she said.
Finding a free exercise group has drastically improved her health, as noted by her GP, and she is part of a growing trend.
Free exercise classes become a lifeline
At a community exercise class in South Arm, south-east of Hobart, the mood is upbeat, with laughter, movement, and a sense of relief.
Participation has more than doubled in the past year, with more than 100 Tasmanians now involved.
Trainer Ollie Mathewson said the surge was unmistakable.
“It’s free of charge for everybody … and over the last 12 months I’ve noticed a lot more people starting to come along,”
he said.
Ollie Mathewson says attendance at his classes has almost doubled over the past year. (ABC News: Jake Grant)
Across greater Hobart, free and low-cost alternatives are multiplying and include walking groups, community-run circuits, and morning and afternoon fitness meet-ups.
Tasmanians are increasingly organising their own solutions.
Mr Mathewson said connections drive outcomes.
“A lot of people talk about weight and strength, which are obviously insanely important, having other people there to push you single every week makes it a hundred times easier.“
Professor Norris said one’s health can be prioritised for free.
“What we know about health is, it’s more about sustainable wellbeing, it’s about quality of life,” she said.
“So rather than focusing on how much you can deadlift, how far you can run, it’s about how your life has improved and how close your life is to the way you want to live it.”
She said free options were vital because once people stop moving, it becomes harder to start again.
“If we develop routines in which health is not a priority, then we almost get stuck in this cycle of health always being last.“
Health appointments being delayed or dropped
For some Tasmanians, the financial pressure is forcing even tougher choices.
Amy Dakin says she can’t even think about getting a gym membership with all the other costs of living on her mind. (ABC News: Jake Grant)
Amy Dakin, who lives with a compromised immune system, often has no choice but to delay essential care.
“My health needs to be prioritised, but your bills come first, really,” she said.
Jordyn Rowbottom says she’s not the only one changing her hobbies to save on costs. (ABC News: Jake Grant)
Jordyn Rowbottom has seen the same pattern around her.
“People are being forced to cut what they can access,”
she said.
Professor Norris warns that these short-term decisions can create long-term harm, not just for individuals, but for the broader health system.
She said the combination of financial pressure and reduced physical activity would create a public health challenge.
Trainers adapting to shrinking budgets
Personal trainer Nickola Orr works with clients across different income levels, ages and needs.
She said affordability now shapes almost every program she designs.
“You want to make sure they can get as much help as they can within their price range,”
she said.
Nickola Orr is concerned about access to fitness and health services in the face of rising cost pressures. (ABC News: Jake Grant)
With the median individual spend on fitness in Tasmania sitting at almost $600 last year, Ms Orr said the warning signs were already visible.
“We’re going to see more results of long-term neglect; higher injuries, more need for mental health assistance. It’s going to snowball.”
Her concerns echo Professor Norris’s academic findings that once healthy routines break down, the consequences ripple for years.
“The changes are very small … while they add up over time, there is no immediate impact,”
Ms Orr said.
Calls for more free and low-cost options
Mr Mathewson hopes the success of free community classes will inspire governments and private operators to expand accessible fitness programs.
“More free options would be a great thing. There are a few now, but there should be more,” he said.
The Tasmanian government has said it will release its 20-year preventive health strategy this month, titled The Health Revolution.
A Department of Health spokesperson said the strategy “will address the broader social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health and wellbeing”.
“Specific issues about access to health services and programs are being considered through the Access to Health Services project, a Commonwealth-State partnership.
“The Health Revolution will complement that project by addressing the root causes of poor health and the underlying conditions to make it easier for Tasmanians to live well.“
Fitness
What If Moderate Exercise Isn’t Enough For Women In Midlife?
If you’ve been faithfully logging your 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week, you’re getting the recommended weekly about of cardio. But a new study1 suggests that for women in midlife, that standard benchmark may not be moving the needle on cardiovascular fitness as much as we’ve assumed. Here’s what you need to know.
Fitness
El Monte women’s fitness studio focuses on empowerment and community
EL MONTE, Calif. (KABC) — A boutique fitness gym in the San Gabriel Valley is focused on women’s empowerment, offering everything from dance fitness to pilates, yoga, zumba and circuit training. It’s called “Beastin Beauties” in El Monte.
“ Boutique fitness spaces here, it doesn’t exist here, so I needed to have this for the people in my community here, where I grew up,” said owner Jay Armada.
Members love working on their health and fitness alongside other women.
“You walk in and you feel like you’re able to let loose and inhibit it in a way that you don’t find in other places,” said member Esmeralda Cabral.
“It takes away the stresses of being in a space where you may feel judgment from others. And there’s a certain level of comfort as a woman that you wanna be able, especially if you’re starting a health journey or you’re reigniting it, you wanna have the comfort of being around under supportive women,” said member Ruby Rose Yepez, who also teaches yoga at the studio.
Women empowerment has been the theme all along, from Jay’s humble beginnings…
“ I want people to feel what I felt when I was going through my own journey. I had lost ninety-three pounds in a whole year and I just wanted everyone to feel that,” said Armada.
…to a huge setback in 2020 when the gym’s previous location burned down in a fire.
“ I thought I didn’t wanna do it anymore. Maybe it was a sign from God that you should just quit. But my community held me up and they just really made me believe in it again,” said Armada.
Now, her business is thriving, and she was just named the city’s Woman of the Year!
“ Community and connection here in this space is super, super important. Jay is not just about bringing people here for health. She brings people here to build the connections so that they feel that they’re part of a community,” said Yepez.
“You build a connection without even really trying. You’re all experiencing the same moments together. There’s always just so much fun happening,” said Cabral.
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