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Fitness
Fitness: How much are you really exercising?
Most people struggle to accurately report the duration, frequency and intensity of their workouts, but a recent study gives some clarity on how long and how hard we need to exercise.
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Most recommendations on the amount of exercise that is needed to improve health are based on self-reported data. Study subjects are quizzed on how often they engage in physical activity, what types of activity they do and how long they typically exercise. Yet most respondents struggle to accurately report their movement patterns, especially when asked to reach back several days or weeks.
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It’s not just poor recall that makes self-reporting such a challenge. There’s a strong tendency to be generous when recounting exercise frequency and duration. The same goes for intensity; due to its subjective nature, it’s even more challenging to interpret whether a workout was easy, moderate or hard.
These flaws in data collection have been acknowledged by most researchers, but up until the last few years there were few other options. Sophisticated activity trackers are expensive, limiting the ability to use them on a large pool of study subjects. But with the proliferation of consumer-based wearables that collect data 24/7, a more accurate picture of exercise habits is starting to appear.
But accurately tracking physical activity isn’t the only challenge when it comes to determining the role exercise plays in boosting health and wellness. Time spent being sedentary is subject to the same fallacies in self-reporting. People routinely underestimate the number of hours they spend in front of a screen or in a chair. And since the amount of active versus sedentary pursuits is considered a valuable predictor of health and longevity, more accurate data would provide a detailed and scientifically validated set of guidelines regarding how hard and how often we need to exercise in order to combat the consequences of inactivity.
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With that goal in mind, a team from the Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub at the University of Sydney in Australia examined data from a whopping 73,729 study subjects wearing fitness trackers to get a true picture of the impact exercise and sedentary time have on long-term health.
“We examined the joint associations of sedentary time and intensity-specific physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality,” said the researchers.
Wearing an accelerometer for one week, the subjects offered insight into their daily habits, including the volume and intensity of physical activity and the amount of time spent being sedentary. Daily activity was classified into four categories: sedentary, standing chores of everyday life (washing dishes, cooking), walking activities (gardening, house cleaning, commuting) and high-energy physical activity (purposeful exercise and vigorous movement). There were also four categories of intensity: sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous. Data was categorized based on volume and intensity of activity and analyzed against records of deaths occurring during a six-year followup period.
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Some of the results echoed similar studies, including confirmation that the most sedentary subjects were more likely to die within the followup period. Also endorsed was the theory that physical activity of any intensity reduces mortality risk. But the study adds more clarity on how long and how hard we need to exercise to improve longevity.
“Specifically, we showed that a median of six minutes per day of vigorous physical activity, 30 minutes a day of moderate to vigorous activity, 64 minutes a day of moderate or 163 minutes of light physical activity may attenuate the association between high sedentary time (more than 11 hours a day) and mortality,” said the researchers.
How does this information change what we already know about the impact of exercise on long-term health? More than just stating the need to accumulate 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, the research team provides a set of guidelines based on intensity. So instead of setting the same bar for runners, walkers and plodders, individuals can set a baseline target of weekly exercise minutes according to the intensity of their workout. Runners need six minutes of exercise a day to lessen their risk of chronic disease, brisk walkers need 64 minutes and plodders need 163 minutes to ward off the unhealthy consequences of too many hours spent sitting behind a desk or looking at a screen.
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Keep in mind that these numbers represent the minimum amount of exercise needed to reduce the risk of chronic disease. The longer the workout and the more vigorous the intensity, the greater the benefits, and not just to health. Building muscle, improving aerobic endurance and optimizing joint range of motion are building blocks for improved athletic performance and overall fitness. Fit individuals maintain their quality of life longer than those who meet exercise minimums.
Adding more exercise minutes to your week, some of which are at an intensity that pushes your limits, and reducing the time spent being inactive remains the goal of anyone who wants to maintain their health and vigour as they age. And just to be sure you’re not overestimating how much and how hard you exercise, consider using an activity tracker (such as an Apple Watch, Fitbit or Garmin) to keep yourself honest.
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Fitness
Confused with too many workouts and diet? Fitness coach shares 7 straightforward tips for weight loss
If weight loss is one of your priority commitments this year, it’s important to keep it simple to sustain the process. It’s tempting to include every new workout and fad diet in your routine. With plenty of promises for results, it’s easy to get distracted and try too many things at once. But as the saying goes, ‘too many cooks spoil the broth,’ similarly, too many complicated steps may not work. Fitness is all about sustaining the effort, and the best way to do it is by keeping things simple.
Raj Ganpath, a certified fitness coach as per his IG bio, shared 7 no-nonsense steps to fitness that might help streamline all the unwanted clutter in your routine. He gave a timeline of 3 months, where with consistency, one can see improvements in their fitness levels.
Walk as much as you can
The coach highlighted that one should walk as much as they can daily. Generally, there’s a spotlight on the step count. But Raj Ganpat urged that there should be a ‘greed for walking.’ He further added that 10 minutes of walking burns 40 calories.
Fostering a desire for walking is important. The mindset of ‘greed for walking’ is essential, preventing a sedentary lifestyle. With walking, whatever steps a person takes are the foundation of fitness. It’s the baseline activity to stay in movement at least once a day.
ALSO READ: Study reveals walking reduces depression risk: Find out how much your daily step count helps
Exercise four to five days a week
He divided exercise into two categories, strength training for toning muscles and endurance training for burning calories.
He said, “Two to three days of strength, two to three days of endurance. With respect to strength, any program, any equipment doesn’t matter. Just make sure you stimulate those muscles and for endurance, you can run, cycle, swim, jump, dance… just get your heart rate up, that’s all that matters.”
Maximise lean protein and vegetables in every meal
It’s a no-brainer that every meal should be balanced. The coach pointed out that every single meal majorly should be filled with lean protein and vegetables, regardless of where one resides.
Lean protein is low in calories and has a high concentration of protein. It helps build muscles. Whereas veggies are packed with essential nutrients like antioxidants, vitamins, and fibres, supporting overall nutritional requirements.
ALSO READ: Not losing weight despite strict diet and workout? This common habit may be the culprit
Minimise sweet and fried food
Cutting back on sweet and fried food goes without saying. But Raj Gupta reminded one doesn’t have to completely eliminate. He reiterated that they should just be minimised.
Optimise starch
He said, “Optimise starch consumption because starch is essentially energy without nutrients. So if you’re active have more. if you’re not active, have less.” Starch is a carbohydrate, found in foods like rice, potatoes, bread, and pasta.
Don’t overeat
Overeating is one of the biggest challenges for weight loss. It can be a setback, ruining all the hardwork. Even Raj Gupta highlighted this issue and said, “Irrespective of where you eat, when you eat, what you eat, don’t overeat. And if weight loss is your goal, make sure you undereat by a tiny bit.” He hinted towards a moderate calorie deficit diet for those who wish to shed weight.
Adequate sleep
Adequate sleep is the pillar of good health. For weight loss as well, sleep is important. Raj Gupta advised that one should sleep as much as one needs to feel refreshed the next day. Often sleep is quantified with a number. But this is personal and may vary from person to person. Addressing this, Raj explained that adequate sleep to feel refreshed next day for one person can be 8 hours, for another 6 hours.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.
Fitness
Are embarrassment and intimidation obstacles to getting more exercise? New data
Even the most experienced gym buffs had to start somewhere, and most of them were intimidated and overwhelmed when stepping into the gym at some point in the past. What machine do you start with? What’s that machine for? A barrage of questions flutter through your mind when you embark on your journey to get fit. For many people, working out can seem exhausting before you even start, especially in the modern age of social media, where we often compare ourselves to idealistic snapshots of others. If you feel that way or have ever felt that way, this new data shows you’re definitely not alone. Let’s look at the data.
New data
The new data from Nuffield Health’s Healthier Nation Index is eye-opening and involves a survey of 8,000 people in the United Kingdom. The goal is to help improve people’s health.
Here are the results:
- 40% of people said that gyms are too intimidating.
- 33% of people haven’t dedicated any time to physical activity in the last 12 months.
- Three out of four people weren’t reaching the British National Health Service guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate exercise every week.
- Over half of the people who aren’t moving enough reported low motivation as one of the main reasons behind the lack of exercise.
- 49% of people reported a lack of energy.
Younger people and those with chronic conditions were more likely to face barriers to movement. Lots of younger people said that not knowing how to get started was the main reason for not getting enough exercise.
A decline in mental health
This new data showed that the lack of physical activity correlated with a negative impact on people’s mental health. 28% reported a decline in their mental health in the last year alone. Regular exercise is beneficial for physical and mental health. Physical activity has been shown to improve sleep and a range of psychiatric conditions. Research also highlights that exercise can reduce depression and anxiety and boost your mood. Going out for that run releases feel-good endorphins that can make your day better.
Tips to get started and diminish that intimidation
Regular exercise can reduce your risk of chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes and stroke. Here are some top tips to help you get started with a workout plan and diminish intimidation:
- Consider working with a personal trainer or physical therapist for guidance.
- Consider joining an exercise class.
- Find an accountability partner or a friend who is also starting a workout plan.
- Try to set realistic goals.
- Try to make it fun and stick to the workouts you prefer or enjoy.
- Celebrate small wins.
- Start slowly, and don’t do too much too soon.
- Listen to your body.
- Monitor your progress over time with a fitness tracker to help you stay motivated and see how much you’ve improved.
- Remind yourself of the benefits of exercise and why you’re making this effort to improve your health and fitness.
- See if you can find a time when the gym is less busy so you have more room to familiarize yourself with the equipment and your routine.
- Start at home with remote personal training, an online class, or just a couple of dumbbells and a few exercises until you feel comfortable heading to the local gym.
Fitness
How to make exercise a consistent routine in 2025
By Gwendolyn Bounds
For The Washington Post
Eight years ago this month, like many Americans, I made a resolution to become fit and strong.
About 7 in 10 U.S. adults set goals at the start of a new year, and personal health or fitness goals are the most common, according to Gallup. But by mid-February, 80 percent of the people who set New Year’s resolutions will have abandoned them, Gallup reported.
I, too, had tried before, my pledge generally lasting a few months before old habits (sitting! screens!) returned.
But that year was different. I had a specific goal in mind — to compete in one obstacle course race. Tying my New Year’s resolution to something concrete was a critical first step to exercise being almost a nonnegotiable in my day. Last year, I completed my 56th race.
Once a resolution is made, specific tactics make it more likely to stick. Here is what habit and fitness experts, and my own experience, suggest:
Have a longer-term obtainable goal
Going out too hard is a common misstep, said Peter Duggan, a strength, conditioning and rehabilitation specialist at Fuel Sport & Spine in New York. “People say ‘I’m going to go crazy’ and then come in to see us injured by the middle to end of January,” he said.
Having a longer-term goal and plan is better, suggested Duggan, who works with professional athletes and amateur fitness enthusiasts. That can be as simple as a 5K race in April or a 90-day first-quarter (Q1) challenge where you measure your January progress against your February progress and your March progress against February and January.
This way, you have some form of momentum. But if January blows up because you get sick, then you still have February and March, Duggan advised. Start small if you’re a newcomer: Go from walking or jogging in January a couple of times a week to running 25 minutes two or three times a week in February and longer in March. Then set another goal for the next quarter.
“You can’t just run up Mount Everest,” Duggan said. “You have to start at base camp. Use January or Q1 as base camp.”
Time block and preprogram your workout
Waking up and thinking, “I’m going to exercise at some point today,” is a vulnerable strategy. You must then spend extra time figuring out what you’ll do, when you’ll do it and where — time you probably don’t have in an already full day.
Instead, schedule and block out your exercise moments for the week, in advance, to reduce the likelihood of slipping back into old habits — such as coming home, jumping on the couch and scrolling on the phone.
“Physical activity takes time, and you need to be mindful of your other habits that need to change,” said Chad Stecher, a behavioral health economist and an assistant professor at Arizona State University. “Not only are you building a new habit, but how does that habit fit into the rest of the day?”
My solution: Since I live by my digital calendar for work, each week’s exercise gets scheduled in the same color-coded blocks as my meetings. I don’t skip meetings, so I don’t skip my workout. This removes the barrier of “at some point today.”
Leave yourself visual prompts
Cues, particularly visual ones, are some of the strongest motivators to create a new habit, said Stecher, whose research focuses on habit formation.
For instance, placing your running shoes or workout clothes where they are the first items you see when you wake up reduces the likelihood exercise will slip your mind, Stecher said. It also serves as a commitment reminder that “you intended to do this,” he said.
In my living room, I keep a nice box that holds a yoga mat, balance board and foam roller. Seeing that box each time I walk to the kitchen means I’m more likely to use what’s in it when I have five to 10 minutes to spare.
Accessibility also matters, Duggan said.
“It has to be convenient,” he said. “We all have weeks when we are overwhelmed, but you can still carve out 20 minutes in your living room with some dumbbells or a HIIT [high-intensity interval training] class on an app.”
Build accountability slowly
Recent research suggests the amount of movement we get in a day, as measured by a wrist tracker, is a stronger predictor of mortality than age, smoking or even diabetes.
There is no shortage of apps, fitness trackers and health devices to gather data on our movement. The key is not letting the devices get in the way of actually exercising – especially when we are first building a habit.
“I think if you are new to exercise, you don’t need all the fancy gear,” Duggan said. “Just start. Listen to your breath and feel your heart rate. As you get better, and crave more data, then you can buy more tools like a watch and a heart rate monitor.”
A less complex (and free) tracking tool is what I call “completion signaling” — the act of checking a box and recording your progress when exercise is done. For instance, when doing multiple sets of an exercise at home, I move a pile of machine screws or small rocks from one mug to another. And each time I complete a workout, I mark it as “Done” in my digital calendar.
Each action, however small, is a clear visual for me of forward movement and accountability. Put more simply, the reward of marking a workout as completed feels good; not checking that box feels bad. So, I am more likely to get the workout done.
Make exercise part of your identity
Exercise becomes truly nonnegotiable when it’s part of your core identity, Stecher said, noting a growing body of research linking identity to maintaining behavior change. “Then, when your routine is interrupted, and the normal cues aren’t there, you’ll still go to the gym,” Stecher said.
This rings true. Eight years ago, “fit person” or “athlete” were nowhere among the descriptors my friends and family used for me — nor ones I used for myself. Now, those monikers are as core to my sense of self as “writer,” “spouse” or “daughter.” The tactics above made that possible.
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