Fitness
Fitness face-off – Harvard Health
What’s in style? The question doesn’t just relate to fashion. Indeed, even exercise styles go in and out of vogue, echoing trends fueled by social media and other cultural drivers.
Case in point: high-intensity bursts of exercise have grabbed headlines over the past couple of years, with scientists generating an array of studies examining the health benefits of short spurts of movement lasting from one to three minutes. That might consist of jumping jacks, lunges, running in place, jumping rope, air boxing, running up stairs, or any other high-intensity activity.
Meanwhile, plenty of research continues to focus on the health advantages of moderate-intensity, continuous movement. Mainstay choices for these sessions include brisk walking, cycling, jogging, and elliptical and treadmill use.
Given the swings in popularity between the differently paced alternatives, perhaps the most pressing question is which one is better for us. It might seem certain exercise patterns might prove superior to others, but we should resist the temptation to believe that, says Dr. Meagan Wasfy, a sports cardiologist at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital.
“There are always trends, and each one claims to be the latest and best way to move your body,” Dr. Wasfy says.
Breaking down the data
What health benefits does each approach offer? A sampling of recent studies and official health guidance weighs in.
Evidence supporting exercise bursts includes the following:
- A 2022 analysis of data collected on more than 25,200 people who didn’t otherwise exercise (average age 62, 56% women) published in Nature Medicine found that those who routinely did brief bursts of vigorous activity — defined as three bouts, each lasting a minute or two — had significantly lower odds of dying or developing cardiovascular disease over the following seven years than participants who didn’t.
- A 2023 analysis in JAMA Oncology of more than 22,000 people who didn’t exercise (average age 62, 55% women) suggested that even short, intermittent periods of intense movement — a minute at a time, three or four times a day — was linked with 18% lower cancer risk over the following 6.7 years, especially for cancers of the breast, uterus, or colon.
Evidence supporting longer, moderate-intensity exercise includes the following:
- Adults who do any amount of moderate-to-vigorous exercise derive health benefits, including reducing their risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some forms of cancer, according to the CDC.
- A 2022 analysis in JAMA Internal Medicine involving 78,000 people (average age 61, 55% women) found their risk of heart disease, cancer, and premature death dropped by 10% over the following seven years for every 2,000 steps they logged each day, with the benefit peaking at 10,000 steps.
Sense a theme from the findings? Regardless of intensity, it’s apparent that any movement is good for your health.
“No one comes out ahead with regards to the long-term outcomes,” Dr. Wasfy says. “What matters most is moving your body and doing more of it. The sum of movement, over the course of a year or decades of your life, is what matters.”
Exercise caveats
One clear advantage to exercise bursts — or its cousin, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) — is that any high-intensity activity enables you to fulfill recommended exercise guidelines in less time. Health organizations advise adults to get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise (or some equivalent combination of the two) per week. For an HIIT workout, you alternate vigorous, short sprints with brief periods of rest or lower-intensity movement.
“It’s a time-efficient way to get your recommended exercise dose in less time,” Dr. Wasfy says.
High-intensity exercise does pose a few drawbacks, however. These include a greater risk of injuries and inflammation to joints and muscles. Additionally, for people with heart disease or its risk factors, sudden bursts of exercise could be more likely to bring on new cardiac symptoms.
“If you’re writing an exercise prescription not knowing anything about someone’s health history, you’d write it for moderate-intensity, continuous exercise,” Dr. Wasfy says.
If you’d like to increase your exercise intensity but have existing heart disease — or symptoms such as chest pain with vigorous movement — talk to your doctor in advance. Older adults who’ve noticed their ability to exercise has declined should also speak up.
Ultimately, Dr. Wasfy says, you should choose a style of exercise you really like — and will do consistently — and disregard fitness trends. “If you’re healthy,” she says, “it’s really your choice.”
Image: © Luis Alvarez/Getty Images
To help monitor step counts and set daily step goals, invest in a smart watch or a step counting app on your phone. For added motivation, enlist the help of friends and family to walk alongside you. The more you exercise during treatment as well as during the months and years after diagnosis, the greater chance you have of beating cancer and improving quality of life. And once you can easily meet the 5,000 steps a day goal, the option to pursue even greater levels of physical activity, including resuming your former active lifestyle, will seem less of an insurmountable goal.
The American lifestyle is a busy – but sedentary – one. In an average day, one in four people spend eight hours sitting at desk jobs, nearly three hours in front of the TV, and around half an hour commuting to and from work.
And it’s showing up in their health – with only a quarter of U.S. adults getting the federally-recommended 150 minutes of weekly exercise. Some 117 million live with one or more preventable chronic diseases, and Harvard researchers report as many as 70 percent of adults could be considered obese under expanded guidelines.
But while a long-term exercise plan is all good and well, some fitness and health experts are advising a jumpstart, with a little shortcut.
There’s a million different options and price points: from a $15-dollar jump rope for five minutes of skipping each day (which I wrote about last month) to $700 infrared sauna blankets.
“Exercise is great for those who can and want to do it, but ‘exercise’ is not necessary for health benefits. Any physical activity is healthful, and physical activity is what we do in daily life,” I-Min Lee, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, told The Independent. “We don’t need to ‘exercise’ to reap health benefits.”
Cheat day, every day
Just five minutes of shoveling while gardening, vacuuming the living room carpet and even scrubbing shower tile can help a 150-pound person burn 150 calories an hour, the American Heart Association says.
But really it depends on what you’re looking to gain. For some people that might be losing some pounds, so running with a weighted vest on can help burn more calories, faster.
Others may be concerned about mobility, and could add hand and ankle weights to a routine. Gradually increasing the amount of weight will help improve muscle strength, metabolism, bone density and prevent injuries.
Or perhaps it’s getting stronger. Running up stairs in an exoskeleton – a robotic-looking, wearable “suit” made of plastic and metal – can amplify movement which builds strength and stamina over the course of a workout. But the cost investment is real – the average price is $1,500 but stretch up to $4,000.
At-home trampolines – a trend which gained popularity in the pandemic – offer a low impact way to boost strength and heart health.
But does a few minutes a day make a difference? “It’s not the duration of the exercise that matters in these instances – it’s the intensity,” UCLA Health doctors explained.
Robin Arzón, Peloton’s vice president of fitness programming, also said in a statement that just 15 minutes of any exercise can do the trick. “These quick routines can be just as effective for cardiovascular health and our ability to increase strength and endurance, while still maintaining focus,” she noted.
But if you’ve been off the exercise game for a while, fitness experts advise taking precautions first.
“Think of the time and work it took to get to your previous fitness level,” athletic trainer Jason Cruickshank said. “You’re not being fair to yourself if you think you’ll jump back in at the same spot.”
Keep it up
Consistency is key, and people can stay on top of exercise by removing the decision making. Lay out workout clothes ahead of time and set an alarm on your phone to make sure you stay on schedule.
Feel that your job is what’s holding you back? Walking pads can help busy workers meet their step goals, and chairs with pedals keep legs active while sitting for a long time. The priciest pads range from $400 to $1,400, although some are around $100. The pedal chairs also vary in price, typically selling for $200 to $1,000.
But walking doesn’t have to feel like a Herculean task.
Adding to your step count is as easy as putting on a new episode of your favorite podcast then going for a neighborhood walk, getting lunch at the sandwich shop a few blocks further away from the office, or deciding to take the long way home.
Try to find something that will hold your attention for around 30 minutes, the recommended amount of moderate exercise you need each day to lose weight.
But if you do make it to the gym, pair that Netflix binge with time on a stationary bike or treadmill. You can get caught up on your favorite shows and improve your heart, lung, bone and muscle health.
Cheap and cheerful
By all means if you have the money, give the crazy fitness cheat a try.
That could mean an AI-powered yoga mat that makes sure you’re holding the right posture for a smarter stretch or some $1,500 Jetboots that reduce soreness and improve circulation after a strenuous workout. Lying on a $1,200 red light mat promises muscle recovery and pain relief, as well.
A home gym system might see you spend a few thousand dollars – such as a bike, smart fitness mirror or rowing machine – but many of those once-trendy machines may become passé too quickly.
Beth Czerwony, a Cleveland Clinic registered dietitian, sounded a note of caution on expensive fads.
“When trying out a new way to work out or improve their health, they may be setting themselves up for failure because they may not be doing those methods correctly (either using fad supplements or pricey equipment or even using the incorrect form when exercising) or may have a health condition that would interfere with that method,” she said.
Still, there are plenty of inexpensive options. When it came to my five minutes of jump rope each day, I opted for a $15 rainbow LED version, to brighten up the experience. And for only a few dollars more, weighted jump ropes, of up to five pound, can quickly sculpt your upper body and core.
People trying to perfect the perfect push-up could opt for special pads to help their position and grip for only $25. The pads reduce strain on the wrists and hands, and the handles rotate to better engage different parts of the upper body.
Vibration plates help improve circulation, muscle building and weight loss for under $100. The Mayo Clinic says they can even reduce back pain and bone loss, as well as improve strength and balance in older adults.
Enlist a distraction
Try cheating on that fitness cheat. If you find it hard to be consistent with exercise or, well, that it’s just plain boring, combine it with other things.
Play with a balloon like you did when you were a kid, or dance to songs that will raise your heart rate to 171 beats per minute: a tempo that can make physical work feel easier and boost heart health.
Meet a friend for a brisk walk or jogging and gab your way through several miles.
Track your progress to stay focused. And for extra fun, map out a walking route or run that draws a little picture, on the exercise tracking app Strava. Your fellow runners will appreciate it.
Fitness
Diet vs exercise: Which fitness approach is more effective for losing body fat and improving overall health | – The Times of India
Celebrity physiotherapist Jeff Cavaliere has emphasised the vital role of nutrition in achieving a lean, low body fat physique. Speaking on The Peter Attia Drive podcast, the 50-year-old fitness expert explained that reaching just 7 per cent body fat is largely determined by diet rather than exercise. Cavaliere pointed out that while workouts are important for overall health and muscle tone, the true driver of visible abs and fat loss is consistent, disciplined eating. He highlighted that taking “nutritional responsibility” and making mindful food choices throughout the day outweigh the benefits of even the most rigorous exercise routines. Foods like leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables, high-quality protein, and healthy fats are essential for controlling appetite, maintaining energy, and supporting sustainable fat loss.
Why nutrition matters more than exercise for a lean physique
Many people assume that exercise alone is the key to sculpting a well-defined body. Jeff Cavaliere challenges this notion, emphasising that nutrition, rather than workouts, largely determines how lean you appear.“When people admire my abs, the first question they ask is about my exercise routine. The truth is, it’s not the exercise that makes the difference. It’s more about what you choose to eat and staying away from unhealthy foods,” said Cavaliere, founder of Athlean-X and renowned strength and conditioning coach.He explained that while movement is important for overall health, achieving extremely low body fat levels relies heavily on dietary consistency.
What you eat determines your results more than the gym
Cavaliere, who previously served as the New York Mets’ strength and conditioning coach, urges individuals to take full responsibility for their nutrition. He points out that gym workouts, even five times a week, are only one aspect of physical transformation.“It’s what you do during the other 23 hours of the day that truly shapes your physique. Remaining consistent with your diet is far more important than simply hitting the gym,” he said. The emphasis, according to Cavaliere, should be on developing a routine of healthy eating habits and maintaining them without compromise. Nutritional responsibility, he explains, is the cornerstone of fat loss success.
Foods that promote fat loss
Cavaliere recommends specific food groups that can help accelerate fat loss while keeping you satisfied and nourished.
- Leafy greens for fullness and hydration
Leafy greens such as kale, spinach, and collard greens are rich in fibre, vitamins, and minerals. These vegetables not only support hydration but also contribute to prolonged feelings of fullness.Leafy greens contain plant compounds called thylakoids, which have been linked to appetite regulation and reduced snacking, making them ideal for anyone aiming to control calorie intake naturally.
- High-quality protein and healthy fats
Incorporating fish and other high-quality protein sources into your diet is crucial for controlling hunger and maintaining muscle mass. Healthy fats from foods like fish or avocado provide essential nutrients that support metabolism and long-term satiety.
- Cruciferous vegetables for fibre and low calories
Cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, are low in calories but high in fibre. They help you feel full without consuming excess energy, making them a smart choice for fat-loss meals.
Exercise supports health, BUT diet determines fat loss
While regular exercise is undeniably important for cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and overall fitness, Cavaliere reiterates that it cannot replace the role of nutrition in fat loss. Body composition is largely a reflection of dietary habits rather than workout routines.“Exercise is crucial for health and longevity, but if your goal is single-digit body fat, the primary driver is your nutrition,” he explained.According to Cavaliere, the ultimate lesson is simple: focus on what you consume and remain consistent, and the results will follow naturally.Also Read | 5 early heart failure signs you might be ignoring, including nighttime cough: Here’s how to prevent before it’s too late
Canterbury NH library saves big with insulation upgrade – Concord Monitor
73-year-old New Jersey man drowns during Thanksgiving vacation in Palm Beach
55 new troopers graduate from North Carolina State Highway Patrol training
Native Culture, Arts Highlight North Dakota Native Heritage Showcase
Unsolved Ohio: Man arrested five years after wife found stabbed to death
Florida High School Football Rankings: Top 25 teams – Oct. 21
Cleary's 21 help Le Moyne down Central Connecticut State 69-64 in OT
How old is Bo Nix? What to know about Oregon quarterback ahead of 2024 NFL Draft
99th annual Pony Swim held in Virginia
Video: ‘It Didn’t Have to Happen This Way:’ U.Va. Faculty Call for Review of Police Response to Protests
President says Chicagoans are ‘chanting bring in Trump’ after violent downtown riot leaves 8 shot, 1 dead
Get to know Méabh McMahon, co-anchor of Euronews’ Europe Today
Hitting the road for Thanksgiving? Here’s the best time to go
Video: In Charlotte, Border Patrol Arrests Send Families Into Hiding
GOP Senate hopeful reveals how Dems are making America ‘weaker’ in viral video ahead of Thanksgiving
-
Business6 days agoFire survivors can use this new portal to rebuild faster and save money
-
World5 days agoFrance and Germany support simplification push for digital rules
-
News6 days agoCourt documents shed light on Indiana shooting that sparked stand-your-ground debate
-
World6 days agoCalls for answers grow over Canada’s interrogation of Israel critic
-
World1 week ago2% of Russian global oil supply affected following Ukrainian attack
-
World5 days agoSinclair Snaps Up 8% Stake in Scripps in Advance of Potential Merger
-
Business5 days ago
Amazon’s Zoox offers free robotaxi rides in San Francisco
-
Politics6 days agoDuckworth fires staffer who claimed to be attorney for detained illegal immigrant with criminal history
