Finance
Who Will Finance Countries' Pandemic Response: Pandemic Fund, WHO Or A New Entity? – Health Policy Watch
Many practical questions about how the pandemic agreement will be implemented – including how to finance countries’ pandemic prevention, preparedness and response (PPPR) – seem likely to be ceded to the Conference of Parties (COP).
According to the latest pandemic agreement draft, a “Coordinating Financial Mechanism” will support the implementation of the pandemic agreement and the International Health Regulations (IHR) (see Article 20).
“There’s a key debate with Article 20 within the negotiations about whether the coordinating mechanism should be hosted by the Pandemic Fund, the World Health Organization (WHO), or whether a new entity should be created,” Professor Garrett Wallace Brown, chair of Global Health Policy at the University of Leeds, told a Geneva Global Health Hub (G2H2) media briefing on Tuesday.
“There’s seemingly little appetite for a new institution, and there is a strong narrative being promoted for the Pandemic Fund in order to decrease fragmentation,” added Wallace Brown, who is director-designate of new WHO Collaboration Centre for Health Systems and Health Security.
The Pandemic Fund’s Priya Basu has made a strong bid for her entity to become this mechanism, telling Devex this week that a new fund to support PPPR would mean “duplication”.
Professor Garrett Wallace Brown, chair of Global Health Policy at the University of LeedsBut Wallace Brown said that “final decisions about the details of the coordinating mechanism are being offloaded to the Conference of the Parties (COP), which I think is a wise decision given the circumstances”.
“There are only nine negotiating days left and there are lots of details to work through. But I think it’s only wise if the COP is representative, inclusive, proportional to risk and deliberative, meaning a move away from business as usual.”
In conversation with delegates involved in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) thrashing out the pandemic agreement, Wallace Brown said that “what they want to do is make the wording strong enough to show that there’s a commitment to a coordinating mechanism and a commitment to financing those”.
In addition, they were “being somewhat more clear about what types of financing and what types of mechanisms would be housed underneath that, but offshoring those details for 12 months – I’m suggesting 24 months – to try to work out exactly how that is done”.
Domestic funds?
According to the draft, the financing mechanism would include a pooled fund for PPPR, and may include “contributions received as part of operations of the [Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing System], voluntary funds from both states and non-state actors and other contributions to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties”.
G2H2 co-chair Nicoletta DenticoHowever, G2H2 co-chair Nicoletta Dentico warned that poorer countries were mired in debt and debt cancellation should be a consideration to help these countries.
“Fifty four low-income countries with severe debt problems had to spend more money on debt servicing than on the COVID disease in 2020,” said Dentico, who heads the global health justice program at Society for International Development (SID).
“Contrary to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the [pandemic agreement] text opened for the final negotiations stubbornly ignores the repeated calls for legal safeguards that are indispensable to immunise the treaty implementation and financing from vested corporate interests,” added Dentico.
Mariska Meurs from the Dutch health NGO WEMOS, warned that “domestic funding for pandemic prevention preparedness and response must not undermine other domestic public health priorities”.
“The draft pandemic treaty text worryingly includes ‘innovative financing mechanisms’, which often means using public funds not for heath, but to attract private-for-profit investors. Instead, the pandemic treaty should embrace the most obvious and fair avenues for funding pandemic prevention, preparedness and response: global tax justice and debt cancellation”.
“But undermining other domestic public health priorities is exactly what we’ve seen happening under COVID-19. We’ve witnessed the shifts in global and domestic funding and how funding for basic health care has gone down,” warned Meurs.
“The text, as it lies before us now, does not acknowledge or try to remedy this.”
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“The draft pandemic treaty text worryingly includes ‘innovative financing mechanisms’, which often means using public funds not for heath, but to attract private-for-profit investors. Instead, the pandemic treaty should embrace the most obvious and fair avenues for funding pandemic prevention, preparedness and response: global tax justice and debt cancellation,” said Meurs.
Pandemic Fund ‘black box’
Low and middle-income countries are more in favour of the pandemic financing mechanism being housed in the WHO “because they see it as being more representative” than the Pandemic Fund, said Wallace Brown.
But donors “are less keen because they see it as a mechanism that would give them less control of how funds are spent”.
However, for the Pandemic Fund to become the PPPR mechanism would require “radical changes” not “minor tweaks as we’re currently being told”.
Some of the problems with the fund, are that it only focuses on three elements of PPPR and this “creates vertical silos”, and there is no explicit guidance in the fund’s governance framework on “how equity will be addressed in either the fund process or with reference to prioritise beneficiaries of programmes”, according to Wallace Brown.
In addition, the first round of funding was eight times over-subscribed but the selection process “was not clear”.
“Applications that met the scorecard threshold for funding had to be rejected, and it remains unclear exactly how the governing board made their final decisions,” he added.
Describing his personal view on the way forward as “agnostic”, Wallace Brown said he had been studying the Pandemic Fund for a while and “think it’s a bit of a black box”.
However, the WHO would need capacity building to become the mechanism
“They do handle funds, they have the contingency fund for emergencies. They are able to make funding available to people and have processes for that, but they don’t have it at the same scale as a World Bank,” he said.
“Or there could even be a third entity. So at the moment, I’m remaining agnostic. I think there needs to be better analysis, better evidence to decide what works and what doesn’t work” – and these kinds of details “won’t be decided in nine days”.
Image Credits: Prachatai/Flickr.
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Finance
2 Aspira charter high schools to close by April due to financial issues
Chicago Public Schools is shutting down two Aspira charter high schools by the middle of the year, following financial issues over the past year.
School leaders are calling the move “unprecedented.”
Students at the Aspira Business and Finance High School at 2989 N. Milwaukee Ave. in Avondale held a walkout right outside of Aspira after the CEO said they only have enough money to stay open for the next four to five weeks.
Students wanted their questions answered as to why they’re being transferred to other schools.
Angelina Mota is a senior at the high school and said she is concerned about her future.
“It’s very difficult, especially for us, hearing that credits might not go all the way with us. That our graduation might just be taken back. It’s very disappointing,” she said.
This is the first time a CPS school will close before the end of the school year. Both Aspira and CPS said the charter network won’t have the funds to stay open past April.
“The burden on our seniors has got to be… they don’t give a damn about the kids. The seniors,” Aspira of Illinois CEO Edgar Lopez said while fighting back his emotions.
The school is facing a $2.9 million deficit, impacting 540 students and dozens of staff.
CPS said they have already given more than $2.5 million to the charter school to help sustain operations. They said under Illinois law, it reached the legal limit of funding it can provide.
This has been a year-long effort in compliance with state charter school law.
In a statement, CPS said, “Aspira has not submitted required documentation, including evidence of funding to support operations through this school year.”
The documents CPS said are overdue include the school’s fiscal year 25 financial audit, general ledger, and payroll.
“We’re not hiding nothing. The financial documents that they were asking for, Jose told them, we’ll have them to you by Friday. Then they send a letter by Thursday. They didn’t even give us a chance,” Lopez said.
CPS said they’re initiating this due to the lack of financial transparency and solvency.
“We know we don’t want to go anywhere else because we’re used to the routine we have here,” said student Arichely Molina.
“Please let us (stay) open. at least until we graduate,” Mota said.
CPS said their main goal is to ensure the kids have a safety net as they transition to another school.
The second school is located at 3986 W. Barry Ave., also in the Avondale neighborhood.
Finance
Why has the UAE closed its stock exchanges?
The United Arab Emirates has closed its main stock exchanges amid a widening conflict in the region following the United States and Israel’s attacks on Iran.
The UAE’s financial regulator on Sunday announced that its key exchanges in Dubai and Abu Dhabi would not immediately reopen after the weekend break amid the fallout of the US-Israeli attacks that killed Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
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The announcement that the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and Dubai Financial Market would remain closed on Monday and Tuesday came after the UAE was hit with hundreds of Iranian missile and drone attacks, including a strike on Abu Dhabi’s main airport that killed one person and wounded seven others.
The UAE’s Capital Markets Authority said in a statement that it would continue to monitor developments in the region and “assess the situation on an ongoing basis, taking any further measures as necessary”.
Here is all you need to know about the move.
Why has the UAE decided to shut its main stock exchanges?
The financial regulator did not elaborate on the rationale for its decision, only saying that it was taken in accordance with its “supervisory and regulatory role” in managing the country’s financial markets.
While closing the stock market outside of scheduled breaks is relatively unusual worldwide, especially in the era of electronic trading, it is not unprecedented.
Typically, when financial authorities halt stock trading during a crisis, it is because they are concerned about panic selling.
During periods of extreme volatility, such as wars and financial crises, investors often rush to sell their holdings to avoid suffering big losses.
As investors sell their stocks, the market value falls further.
This dynamic can spur a vicious cycle that, left unchecked, can lead to a full-blown market crash.
Since the US-Israeli attacks on Iran, stock markets around the world have seen significant – though not catastrophic – losses, while oil prices have risen sharply.
Saudi Arabia’s benchmark Tadawul All Share Index fell more than 4 percent on Sunday, while Egypt’s EGX 30 dropped about 2.5 percent.
In Asia, major stock markets closed lower on Monday, with Japan’s benchmark Nikkei 225 and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index down about 1.4 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively.
The practice of shutting the market to prevent panic selling is controversial among economists and investors.
Closing the market prevents investors from accessing cash they might need in a hurry.
Critics also argue that such closures only exacerbate the sense of panic they seek to prevent and distort important signals about the market.
“Investors don’t like uncertainty, and at times of market stress, liquidity is most important. It appears the UAE just took that away,” Burdin Hickok, a professor at New York University’s School of Professional Studies, told Al Jazeera.
“This move has the potential of diminishing the status of Dubai as a true major market and weaken investor confidence in the Dubai markets. There has to be some concern about capital flight and negative ripple effects.”
Has this happened before?
The UAE has closed its stock exchanges before, though not due to regional conflict.
In 2022, the UAE halted trading as part of a period of mourning declared to mark the death of President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
The emirate announced a similar pause following the death of Dubai’s ruler, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, in 2006.
“Historically, to the best of my knowledge, no Middle Eastern state, including Israel, has closed its stock exchange during a time of regional conflict,” Hickok said.
“In prior conflicts, Israel has modified hours of their exchange, but we are talking hours, not days.”
Other countries have shuttered their stock markets during periods of major turmoil in recent years.
After Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, authorities shut the Moscow Exchange for nearly a month.
In 2011, Egypt shut its stock exchange for nearly two months as the country was grappling with the upheaval of the Arab Spring.
After the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States, the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq halted trading for six days, the longest suspension since the Great Depression.
How important is the UAE’s stock market?
The UAE is a relatively small player in the world of capital markets, though it has made significant inroads in recent years.
The Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange and Dubai Financial Market have a combined market capitalisation of about $1.1 trillion.
By comparison, the New York Stock Exchange, the world’s biggest bourse, has a market capitalisation of about $44 trillion.
Saudi Arabia’s Saudi Exchange, the biggest exchange in the Middle East, is valued at more than $3 trillion.
Still, the UAE’s stature among financial markets has been on the rise.
Before the latest crisis, UAE-listed stocks had been on a winning streak.
The Dubai Financial Market General Index, which includes companies such as Emirates NBD and Emaar Properties, rose more than 29 percent in the 12 months to February 27.
Haytham Aoun, an assistant professor of finance at the American University in Dubai, said while the UAE could see some outflow of foreign capital, the country’s economy remains on a strong footing.
“A temporary stock market closure will have a limited impact on long-term economic variables, provided the fundamentals remain strong,” Aoun told Al Jazeera.
“In the UAE case, it’s a precautionary intervention, and not a sign of structural weakness.”
Finance
Canton High School students find success in personal finance
CANTON, Miss. (WLBT) – A group of juniors at Canton High School has won back-to-back state championships in Mississippi’s Personal Finance Challenge.
The team’s work can be seen through the school’s reality fair, where students are assigned careers and salaries and must make the same financial decisions adults face each month.
Teena Ruth, a personal finance teacher, said the exercise resonates beyond the classroom.
“It’s an eye-opening experience,” Ruth said. “They kind of see what it’s like for even their parents when they have to make these decisions every day — when they are writing out those checks.”
For student Jalynn Dunigan, the program carries personal significance.
“To be known for something else outside of cheer and not just what I do on a court, on a field. I can do something and put my brains to it and people can know that I’m not just pretty,” Dunigan said. “I’m smart as well.”
Student Henser Vicente said the team’s success sends a broader message.
“We’re making a statement that we’re not what you think we are,” Vicente said. “Like, we’re greater than what you think. We can do better than what you think we can do.”
A proposed financial literacy bill in Mississippi would require students to pass a semester of personal finance as a graduation requirement.
Alexandria Luckett said the team’s national success is already motivating others at the school.
“I’m so happy that people are getting more involved in things like this and stepping out of their comfort zone and just putting themselves out there,” Luckett said. “Because I know there’s a lot of shy students [who] don’t necessarily join clubs or anything. So, when they see a group like this going to nationals two times in a row, I feel like that motivates a lot of students.”
Nelly Rosales said competing at the national level has given the team a platform beyond the competition floor.
“We’ve gone to Cleveland, Ohio, we’ve gone to Atlanta, and then hopefully this year we get to go out of state again,” Rosales said. “Being able to be a role model to a lot of children — like especially Hispanic girls who don’t see a lot of role [models] especially in the community — being able to be a role model is a really big thing.”
The students are currently gearing up for this year’s State Personal Finance Challenge set to take place next month.
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