Finance
Tracking campaign finance data for Pennsylvania candidates
From most to least transparent
Just as candidates run for different levels of offices, they are also subject to different levels of scrutiny.
The federal government has more resources than states or local governments to collect data and enforce campaign regulations.
The Federal Election Commission has a site where anyone can search contributions to campaigns for federal offices, like the presidency or Congress. The Pennsylvania Department of State has a search tool built with older technology to research donations in state-level races. At the local level, it’s up to cities and counties to decide how to make that data available to the public.
“When you go down the various levels of government, from the FEC down to state level down to local level, it just gets harder and harder,” said Stephen Medvic, a political science professor at Franklin and Marshall College.
Pittsburgh has a searchable database, and Montgomery County scans and catalogs finance reports. Most counties keep the records on paper in a filing cabinet, though they are available for public viewing.
“It’s very, very difficult for individual citizens to track that,” Medvic said. “So we really have to rely either on good government groups that keep track of this sort of thing or, obviously, journalists.”
How to keep tabs on a politician’s tab
The United States likely has the most transparency around campaign financing in the world, according to Kolodny. That’s even with organizations that support candidates but don’t have to disclose who their donors are. The practice is commonly called “dark money.”
The country also runs some of the world’s most expensive campaigns.
In addition to government-run websites, groups like the nonpartisan OpenSecrets help monitor money going into campaigns.
The site aggregates federal data and draws connections, allowing users to look up federal candidates and officeholders, donors or outside spending. It also operates a site for tracking candidates and officeholders at the state level, called FollowTheMoney. For people who are very curious about money in politics, OpenSecrets created a tipsheet to help with investigations.
It’s important for people not to jump to conclusions when looking at contributions, Kolodny said.
A person may see a contribution by a local business to a candidate, but that doesn’t necessarily describe the business’ political affiliation. Large employers tend to give money to incumbent candidates in the local area, she said, and that often happens without partisan consideration.
Looking at donations by partisan groups might be more useful to the average, and especially, the undecided voter.
Voters can also compare how much money is coming from small-dollar donations versus major donors or Political Action Committees. The amount of money in a race is also an indication of both how competitive the election will be and how important the seat is.
But for all the money in U.S. elections, money is not political destiny.
“Nothing will counter a well-orchestrated grassroots movement,” Kolodny said.
___
This story is part of an explanatory series focused on Pennsylvania elections produced collaboratively by WITF in Harrisburg and The Associated Press.
Finance
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Finance
5 smart ways to use a year-end bonus
Are you expecting a year-end bonus? If so, you’re probably dreaming up all the ways you could spend that windfall.
The average bonus was $2,447 in December 2023, according to payroll company Gusto. That’s a sizeable chunk of change — one that could put you in a better place financially in 2025 with proper planning.
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If you expect a bonus to land in your account soon, it may be tempting to splurge. And that’s perfectly fine. After all, you deserve a reward after working hard all year.
However, before you make an impulsive purchase, consider a few ways you could use those funds to improve your financial situation.
In today’s high interest rate environment, it’s expensive to carry debt. And the higher the interest rates you’re paying, the faster that debt balance can grow.
So, consider using your end-of-year bonus to pay off some of your debts. Not only does this clear your balance faster, but it also saves you money in interest over time.
For example, say you have $3,000 in credit card debt at 21% APR. If you took 12 months to pay off that debt, you’d pay $279 per month and spend about $352 in interest (assuming you don’t make any new purchases on the card).
Now let’s say you receive a $2,000 bonus and use it to pay down your credit card balance to $1,000. In this case, you’d only need to pay $93 per month to eliminate your balance in one year. And you’d pay just $117 in interest — a savings of $235.
Read more: What’s more important: Saving money or paying off debt?
If you’re not sure what to do with your bonus money, you shouldn’t feel pressured to use it right away. You can set it aside in a bank account while you decide. However, if your money is going to sit in the bank, you should at least earn interest and help it grow without any work on your part.
Following the Federal Reserve’s recent rate cuts, deposit account rates are on the decline. Still, there are plenty of high-yield savings accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit (CDs) that pay upwards of 4% APY (or even more). Take some time to compare today’s rates and account options and put your bonus in an account that will help it grow.
See our picks for the best account options today:
It’s important to have a financial safety net in the event of a financial emergency, such as a car repair or job loss. An emergency fund can help you keep your budget intact and avoid taking on new debt to cover a surprise expense.
It’s typically recommended that you keep enough money in your emergency fund to cover three to six months’ worth of living expenses, though you might need more in certain situations. If you don’t already have an adequate emergency fund in place, a year-end bonus could help you get started.
Read more: How much money should I have in an emergency savings account?
One of the best things you can do for Future You is invest for your golden years. In particular, retirement accounts such as 401(k)s and IRAs are a good option because you can contribute pre-tax dollars, which allows you to lower your tax bill in April (or get a bigger refund), as well as defer taxes until you make withdrawals.
For the 2024 tax year, you can contribute up to $23,000 in a 401(k), and an extra $7,000 if you’re age 50 or older. If you haven’t prioritized saving for retirement in the past, or you want to take full advantage of an employer match, you can ask your payroll department to direct some or all of your bonus to your account.
Read more: 401(k) vs. IRA: The differences and how to choose which is right for you
As we mentioned, there’s no harm in splurging once in a while, as long as your financial obligations are squared away.
If you don’t want to feel like you’re depriving yourself, set aside half of your bonus for a “responsible” purpose and use the other half however you’d like. This can give you the momentum you need to stay the course when it comes to your financial goals, while still enjoying the fruits of your labor.
Read more: How much of your paycheck should you save?
Finance
Financial Experts’ 2025 Predictions for Student Loan Debt Under President Trump
Paying off student loans can seem like an impossible task, especially when high interest rates mean loan amounts keep increasing. But student loan relief can provide a lifeline for borrowers in need.
Learn More: I’m a Retirement Planner: 7 Ways I Am Guiding Clients Now That Trump Won
Discover More: How To Financially Plan for the New Year Under the New Trump Presidency
A 2024 survey by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau revealed that nearly 61% of borrowers who received debt relief reported the relief gave them the opportunity to make a beneficial change in their life sooner than they otherwise could have.
But with President-elect Donald Trump poised to take office in January, existing student loan relief programs are in jeopardy, meaning borrowers could face substantial changes to their monthly payments and their student loan debt.
In August 2022, the Biden-Harris administration launched the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) plan to help borrowers better manage their student loan payments. This income-driven repayment plan offers several benefits to borrowers:
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Loan payments are calculated based on a borrower’s income and family size, rather than basing payments on their loan balance.
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Qualifying borrowers’ remaining balances can also be forgiven after a certain number of years.
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Many borrowers’ monthly payments are reduced, and some borrowers don’t owe monthly payments at all.
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If borrowers keep up with their monthly payments, the Department of Education won’t charge monthly interest that isn’t covered by the payments, so borrowers’ balances will decrease, and they can more easily pay off the loans.
While on the campaign trail, Trump called President Joe Biden’s planned student loan forgiveness “vile,” blaming student loan relief for increasing the federal deficit.
Check Out: How To Financially Plan for the New Year Under the New Trump Presidency
Bill Townsend, founder and CEO of College Rover, predicted that Trump will end the SAVE plan as part of a concerted effort by many conservatives to change the appeal and direction of college education.
“Interestingly enough, there is a contractual law issue that will arise from public servants who were contractually bound to certain jobs in exchange for student loan forgiveness,” Townsend explained. “Assuming SAVE, which included this preexisting loan forgiveness contract, is voided, there will be the potential for a class action lawsuit against the U.S. government.”
However, Townsend predicted that Trump could void the lawsuit with an executive action.
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