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Role of capital markets for raising green and transition finance

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Role of capital markets for raising green and transition finance

Jan 05, 2025 09:01 AM IST

This article is authored by Ajay Tyagi and Rachana Baid, ORF.

The climate crisis is a global commons problem requiring concerted actions by all. While recognising this, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has also acknowledged the principle of ‘common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities,’ which assigns greater responsibilities to developed countries in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reducing their carbon footprint. There have also been deliberations at successive meetings of the Conference of the Parties (COP) on developed countries providing financial and technical support to developing states. Despite commitments, however, developed countries have failed to transfer any significant amounts to the developing countries. Such delays have only worsened the situation, amid the increasing incidence and intensity of extreme weather conditions and natural calamities worldwide. Developing countries are more vulnerable to the massive consequences of these events and face an uphill task in arranging funding to finance their climate mitigation and adaptation requirements.

Green finance(Pixabay)

India is a vast country with a 1.4-billion population, a per capita income of approximately $2,500 per annum, and significant income disparity. India is also among the countries most affected by extreme weather events. Although India’s per capita annual GHG emission in 2021 was only 1.6 carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) metric tons as compared to, say, the 13.8 CO2e metric tonnes of the United States (US), China’s 7.5 CO2e metric tonnes, and the global average of 4.3 CO2e metric tonnes, it was the third largest incremental annual emitter of GHG in the world that year.

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India has outlined ambitious targets to contain climate change impacts and meet its nationally determined contributions under the Paris Climate Agreement. These targets should also help the country achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, besides fulfilling its net-zero GHG emissions commitment by 2070—even as it aspires to become a developed country by 2047. Given its geographical size, population and diversity, however, India faces unique obstacles to these targets. For instance, over 75% of its districts (home to 638 million people) are categorised as hotspots for extreme climate events.  The climate financing strategies have to be appropriately mainstreamed in the overall development model.

This paper can be accessed here.

This paper is authored by Ajay Tyagi and Rachana Baid, ORF.

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Finance

The case against saving when building a business

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The case against saving when building a business
Listen and subscribe to The Big Idea with Elizabeth Gore on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you find your favorite podcast.Would you rather play it safe, or grow your business? This expert breaks down why investing is everything.This week on The Big Idea with Elizabeth Gore, Howard Enterprise founder and the Wall Street Trapper Leon Howard joins the show to answer the question: How can I use a Wall Street mindset for my business? Howard offers expert insight on why it is absolutely critical that founders take risks and invest capital, versus just saving.To learn more, click here. Yahoo Finance’s The Big Idea with Elizabeth Gore takes you on a journey with America’s entrepreneurs as they navigate the world of small business. This post was written by Lauren Pokedoff
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This Is the Best Thing to Do With Your 2026 Military Pay Raise

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This Is the Best Thing to Do With Your 2026 Military Pay Raise

Editor’s note: This is the fourth installment of New Year, New You, a weeklong look at your financial health headed into 2026. 

The military’s regularly occurring pay raises provide an opportunity that many civilians only dream of. Not only do the annual percentage increases troops receive each January provide frequent chances to rebalance financial priorities — savings vs. current standard of living — so do time-in-service increases for every two years of military service, not to mention promotions.

Two experts in military pay and personal finance — a retired admiral and a retired general, each at the head of their respective military mutual aid associations — advised taking a similarly predictable approach to managing each new raise: 

Cut it in half.

In one variation of the strategy, a service member simply adds to their savings: whatever it is they prioritize. In the other, consistent increases in retirement contributions soon add up to a desirable threshold.

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Rainy Day Fund

The active military’s 3.8% pay raise in 2026 came in a percentage point higher than retirees and disabled veterans received, meaning troops “should be able to afford the market basket of goods that the average American is afforded,” said Michael Meese, a retired Army brigadier general and president of Armed Forces Mutual.

While the veterans’ lower rate relies exclusively on the rate of inflation, Congress has the option to offer more; and in doing so is making up for recent years when the pay raise didn’t keep up with unusually high inflation, Meese said.

“So this is helping us catch up a little bit.”

He also speculated that the government shutdown “upset a lot of people” and that widespread support of the 3.8% raise across party lines and in both houses of Congress showed “that it has confidence in the military and wants to take care of the military and restore government credibility with service men and women,” Meese said.

His suggestion for managing pay raises: 

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“If you’ve been living already without the pay raise and now you see this pay raise, if you can,” Meese advised, “I always said … you should save half and spend half,” Meese said. “That way, you don’t instantly increase your spending habits just because you see more money at the end of the month.” 

A service member who makes only $1,000 every two weeks, for example, gets another $38 every two weeks starting this month. Put $19 into savings, and you can put the other $19 toward “beer and pizza or whatever you’re going to do,” Meese said.

“That way you’re putting money away for a rainy day,” he said — to help prepare for a vacation, for example, “so you’re not putting those on a credit card.” If you set aside only $25 more per pay period, “at the end of the year, you’ve got an extra $300 in there, and that may be great for Christmas vacation or Christmas presents or something like that.”

Retirement Strategy

Brian Luther, retired rear admiral and the president and chief executive officer of Navy Mutual, recognizes that “personal finance is personal” — in other words, “every situation is different.” Nevertheless, he insists that “everyone should have a plan” that includes: 

  • What your cash flow is
  • Where your money is going
  • Where you need to go in the future

But even if you don’t know a lot of those details, Luther said, the most important thing:

Luther also advised an approach based on cutting the 3.8% pay raise in half, keeping half for expenses and putting the other half into the Thrift Savings Plan. Then “that pay will work for you until you need it in retirement,” Luther said. With every subsequent increase, put half into the TSP until you’re setting aside a full 15% of your pay. 

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For a relatively young service member, “Once you hit 15%, and [with] the 5% match from the government, that’s enough for your future,” Luther said. 

Previously in this series:

Part 1: 2026 Guide to Pay and Allowances for Military Service Members, Veterans and Retirees

Part 2: Understanding All the Deductions on Your 2026 Military Leave and Earnings Statements

Part 3: Should You Let the Military Set Aside Allotments from Your Pay?

Get the Latest Financial Tips

Whether you’re trying to balance your budget, build up your credit, select a good life insurance program or are gearing up for a home purchase, Military.com has you covered. Subscribe to Military.com and get the latest military benefit updates and tips delivered straight to your inbox.

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Tech trade needs 2 things to remain 'in favor' this year

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Tech trade needs 2 things to remain 'in favor' this year
MJP Wealth Advisors chief investment officer Brian Vendig sits down with Morning Brief host Julie Hyman to discuss the tech trade’s (XLK) outlook for 2026. To watch more expert insights and analysis on the latest market action, check out more Morning Brief.
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