I spend my life teaching people about money. Credit cards, ISAs, investing, debt. I have built a career around making financial decisions feel clear and achievable. But there is one product I have held for nearly a decade, one that takes hundreds of pounds from me every single month, and I genuinely have no idea what to do about it.
My student loan balance today sits at £43,679.57. I am on Plan 2. My wife is on the same plan. Between us, before either of us has turned 30, we are carrying over £100,000 in student debt. That number, by the way, is still going up.
I understand compound interest. I understand marginal tax rates, repayment thresholds, the difference between RPI and CPI. I have explained all of these things to my audience of millions of people. And I still cannot tell you whether I should overpay my student loan, invest the money instead, or simply never think about it again. If that does not tell you something is deeply wrong with this system, I don’t know what will.
I went to a good school. At good schools in England, there is no real conversation about whether you go to university. The conversations are about where you will go.
Apprenticeships were barely mentioned. Alternative paths were not celebrated. If you had academic ability and did not apply, it quietly felt like failure, like you had let everyone down. So my friends and I all signed up – at a cost of £9,000 a year.
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I borrowed £36,750 over four years studying Mechanical Engineering at Imperial College London. I knew the fee. I knew vaguely it was written off after 30 years. That was genuinely the extent of my financial education on how this system worked.
Nobody explained that interest starts accruing from the day the first payment lands, before you have sat in a single lecture. Nobody mentioned that the rate is RPI plus up to 3%, and that at its peak, that meant an interest rate above 8% back at the height of inflation. There was not one lesson on the contract we were signing. We were just told: “You will earn it back”… “It’s worth it”… “Trust us.”
By the time I graduated in 2020, before I had made a single meaningful repayment, my balance had already climbed from £36,750 to £42,504. That is nearly £6,000 in interest, added quietly while I was still in lectures and before I had earned a penny.
Gabriel Nussbaum has a first class degree from one of the country’s most demanding universities but applied to 30 or 40 graduate schemes before getting an offer (Supplied)
Then came the other half of the promise. I had a first class degree from one of the country’s most demanding universities in one of its most demanding subjects. I applied to 30 or 40 graduate schemes and got one offer (I would consider myself lucky).
My starting salary was £36,000; great, by graduate standards, and I was grateful for it. But within a few years nobody was asking about my degree. Meanwhile, my friends who had done apprenticeships were debt-free, with three years of earnings already behind them, with equivalent qualifications in hand. And they were starting to look less like people who had missed out, and more like people who had quietly figured something out that the rest of us hadn’t.
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As my salary grew, something else happened that I was completely unprepared for. Once you cross £50,270, you are paying 40% income tax, 2% National Insurance, and 9% student loan repayment simultaneously. That is 51%. More than half of every additional pound you earn is gone before you see it. This is the reward the system designed for people who did everything they were told to do. This is what investing in yourself looks like in 2026.
And here is the part that keeps me up at night. Unless you are earning well above £65,000, your balance is almost certainly still growing faster than you are clearing it. I am paying hundreds of pounds a month and my loan is barely moving. The middle earners, the teachers, the engineers, the nurses, the ones the whole promise was supposedly built for, pay the most, for the longest, and often never clear it at all.
So back to my own personal circumstances. Between my wife and I we are at around £100,000. It’s still climbing as I write this.
This is the psychological cost that never appears in any policy document. It is not just the monthly repayment that breaks you. It is logging in and watching the number rise despite making payments. It is calculating your net worth and feeling like you are starting from a hole you did not fully understand you were digging. It is the way it changes how you think about risk, about changing jobs, about whether a pay rise is even worth pushing for when you know the majority of every extra pound is already allocated to go somewhere else. For a system designed to expand opportunity, it generates a remarkable amount of quiet dread.
Every year I ask myself whether I should just attempt to pay it off by overpaying each month. At a 6-8% interest, I would clear almost any other debt without hesitation. But this one sits differently. Keir Starmer promised to abolish tuition fees entirely when he was running for Labour leader. He did not. There is constant noise about changes to the system, about interest rate caps, about threshold updates. So I leave it. We are told most people never fully repay anyway, and that logic has embedded itself in my thinking even as I watch the number climb month after month.
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What makes this harder to stomach is that the terms we signed up to are not even the terms we are living with. Graduates were told that repayment thresholds would rise with inflation each year. They have been frozen. The interest rate is calculated on RPI, a measure the government has largely abandoned for its own purposes because it runs higher than CPI. If a private lender changed your repayment conditions after you had signed the contract, we would call it mis-selling. When the government does it, Rachel Reeves calls the system “fair and reasonable.”
I keep coming back to one thought. I did A level Further Maths, Physics and Economics. I have spent years immersed in personal finance. I did not fully understand what I was signing at eighteen, and I cannot fully make sense of it now. So what chance did anyone else have? What chance does any 18 year old have, sitting in a school hall being told this is just what you do next, armed with nothing but the vague reassurance that this pathway will work out.
We were eighteen when we signed. The least that those in power can do now is stop quietly changing the terms, stop charging an above inflation premium that guarantees middle earners repay far more than they ever borrowed, and stop insulting an entire generation by calling it fair.
Because right now, the honest message to young people is this. Work hard. Go to university. Earn well. And you will still spend the next thirty years wondering if you made the right call.
I have built a career on answering financial questions. I cannot answer this one.
Mayer Brown is a proud sponsor of Proximo Congress 2026. This senior meeting of the US energy, infrastructure, and digital infrastructure finance community is shaped around the questions credit and investment committees are actually asking in 2026: how asset classes are converging, how risk is being priced in a recalibrated policy and geopolitical environment, and how public and private capital are being structured together to deliver projects at scale.
Mayer Brown has also been recognized for three separate awards which will be presented during the event. These awards include:
Proximo North America Transport Deal of the Year 2025 – SR 400 Peach Partners
Proximo North America Rail Deal of the Year 2025 – Brightline West
Proximo North America LNG Deal of the Year 2025 – Port Arthur LNG 2
If you have ever taken out a mortgage, you’ll know there are a lot of requirements to meet. You may need to put down a certain amount and have a debt-to-income ratio below a certain threshold. You may also run into limits on how much you can borrow or what sources of income the lender will count.
These rules do not apply to all mortgages — just to conforming mortgages, which is what the majority of borrowers take out. However, mortgage lenders are increasingly offering what are known as nonconforming loans, or mortgages that do not “comply with every one of the strict standards put in place after the housing crisis,” said The Wall Street Journal. While “still a small portion,” the “share of mortgages using alternative lending practices” has “doubled in size over the past three years.”
What are nonconforming loans?
A nonconforming mortgage is a “type of home loan that doesn’t meet some or all of the guidelines that make them eligible for purchase by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac,” said Bankrate. These are the government-sponsored entities that “support much of the secondary mortgage market in the U.S.,” meaning they often purchase resold mortgages.
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Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have “federal rules that limit the purchase of loans deemed relatively risk-free,” said Investopedia. Loans that meet these guidelines are conforming loans; loans that do not are nonconforming. To be a conforming loan, a mortgage must fall under a certain loan amount, and the borrower must meet specific criteria when it comes to their credit score, debt-to-income ratio and loan-to-value ratio.
Effectively, any home loan that does not align with these stipulations is considered nonconforming. Examples include jumbo loans, government-backed loans, bridge loans and interest-only loans.
Why do people get them?
There are a wide range of reasons people may opt for a nonconforming mortgage. For one, “you may have no choice but to choose a nonconforming jumbo loan if you want to buy an expensive property,” said Rocket Mortgage. These loans can also provide more flexibility when it comes to the type of property you purchase, your credit score and your down payment amount.
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Nonconforming loans additionally “offer an opportunity for home buyers who might not otherwise qualify for traditional loans because they are self-employed or hold their wealth in assets such as real estate,” said the Journal.
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What are the drawbacks?
For starters, there are fewer lenders offering them “since they pose a higher risk to the bank or mortgage lender,” said Yahoo Finance. That said, availability can vary depending on the specific type, as “some nonconforming loans (like FHA mortgages) are common, while others (like USDA loans) can be harder to find.”
Nonconforming loans also “generally carry a higher interest rate for the borrower,” said the Journal, given the increased risk to the lender. Still, this can vary by loan type. For instance, “FHA, VA and USDA loans usually have lower interest rates,” while “less common nonconforming loans, such as bridge loans, often have higher interest rates,” said Yahoo Finance. There is also the possibility that a nonconforming loan “could have an unusual repayment schedule or other features that make it harder to repay,” said Bankrate.
What U.S. consumers ask of their credit cards has changed. For financially stressed households, it has little to do with rewards.
As more households turn to credit cards to manage liquidity and cover everyday expenses, a new set of practical concerns is driving card behavior: Can the card help avoid a missed payment? Can it make balances easier to track? Can it provide enough visibility into available credit and upcoming obligations to help manage an uncertain month?
Those concerns are beginning to reorder what consumers value most in their credit card relationships.
That evidence is clear in “Winning Top of Wallet: How Credit Card Apps Shape Choice,” a PYMNTS Intelligence and Elan Credit Card report examining how consumers use mobile apps to manage spending, payments and engagement across their credit card portfolios. The report found 30% of consumers primarily use credit cards to build credit or extend purchasing power, while another 22% primarily use cards for cash flow management, together outweighing rewards-based usage.
The divide is more pronounced among financially stressed households. Among consumers living paycheck to paycheck and struggling to pay bills, 40% cited credit dependence as their primary reason for using credit cards. Just 11% pointed to rewards.
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For a growing share of consumers, credit cards are functioning less like discretionary spending products and more like liquidity management tools.
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What Matters Most
That evolution is also changing which app features matter most.
Among cash flow-focused consumers, 31% said scheduling payments or autopay encouraged them to spend more on a card, while 27% cited alerts and reminders. Credit-motivated consumers showed similarly high engagement with tools tied to available credit visibility and payment timing.
Rewards still influence spending behavior, particularly among financially stable households. Half of consumers who prioritize rewards said tracking or redeeming rewards through a mobile app encouraged them to spend more on the card.
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But the report suggests that financial stress changes the hierarchy of engagement. As household budgets tighten, rewards become less central than predictability, visibility and control.
That shift helps explain why mobile apps increasingly influence which cards become top of wallet.
Among credit-dependent consumers, 77% said the quality of a credit card app influences which card they use most often. Credit-dependent consumers also reported the highest app adoption levels, with 77% using their primary card’s app regularly or occasionally.
The competition, in other words, is no longer simply about card acquisition. It is about becoming the card consumers rely on to navigate everyday financial management.
Digital Experience Becomes a Financial Retention Tool
The report also suggests that digital experience increasingly shapes retention risk.
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Nearly 1 in 4 cardholders said a poor app or digital experience contributed to reduced card use. Among Gen Z consumers, that figure climbed to 45%.
At the same time, 7 in 10 cardholders said app quality influences which card becomes their primary card, underscoring how mobile interfaces are becoming embedded directly into consumer payment behavior.
For issuers, the implications extend beyond app design.
Consumers living paycheck to paycheck hold nearly as many credit cards as financially stable households, meaning financially stressed consumers are not disengaging from credit entirely. Instead, they are becoming more selective about which cards feel easiest to manage and most useful during periods of financial pressure.
Rewards and promotional offers still matter, particularly among affluent and financially stable consumers. But for a growing segment of households, the most valuable card may be the one that reduces uncertainty around balances, payment timing and available liquidity.
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In a crowded multi-card market, financial visibility itself is becoming part of the product.