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Financial surveillance threatens California border businesses

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Financial surveillance threatens California border businesses

Many people do business in cash. They pay rent, go shopping, or wire money to relatives without government surveillance. But now, under a new federal directive targeting neighborhoods near the Southern Border, different rules apply.

Esperanza Gomez owns Novedades y Servicios, a small storefront offering entirely legal and legitimate money services to people who use cash. Normally, anytime a customer wants to do anything over $10,000—like cash a check, get a money order, or wire money—businesses that help them must record sensitive personal information, including the customer’s Social Security number, and report it to the federal government.

But starting on April 14, 2025, the government lowered that threshold to just $200. Previously, Gomez never had to make these reports because her customers’ transactions are always under $10,000. But because of the new rule, she suddenly must report nearly every transaction to the feds.

Many customers do not want the government to get a report every time they cash a check to buy groceries, diapers, or clothes at the stores across the way from Gomez’s shop. “My customers are honest people who are trying to live their lives,” she says, “Many do not have bank accounts, and they need these services. They don’t understand why this is required.”

What’s more, the new law only applies to 20 ZIP codes in Texas and 10 in California across Imperial and San Diego Counties. Everywhere else, the federal reporting standard remains $10,000. Actual criminals—if they really need to move money in $200 increments—can just go to a San Diego ZIP code not targeted by the new rule or head north toward Orange and Riverside counties.

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Left behind will be small-business owners like Gomez and her customers who lack mobility.

The burden of compliance with the new law threatens to drive Gomez out of business. She will need more hours than she has in the day to complete the required paperwork. Penalties for a missed report top $70,000.

For a one-person store like Novedades y Servicios, this new surveillance regime is both business-crushing and a huge invasion of financial privacy.  “I’ve always followed the law and will continue to do so,” Gomez says. “But this would be so costly that it would probably put me out of business.”

The government says the order is temporary—expiring in September—but past surveillance orders issued by the same federal agency have been repeatedly renewed past their expiration dates. Some have eventually been expanded to cover the entire country.

Rather than go away quietly, Gomez filed a federal lawsuit on April 15, 2025. Our public interest law firm, the Institute for Justice, represents her. For now, at least, she can breathe easy. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California issued a temporary restraining order on April 22, pausing enforcement for a short period while the court considers more permanent relief.

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We also represent Texas business owner Arnoldo Gonzalez, Jr., in a separate case. A court in Texas court paused the new surveillance rules for the companies in that case, but other Texas businesses still must comply.

The underlying issues are the same in both cases. Unlimited surveillance violates the Fourth Amendment, which guarantees people’s right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures.

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Edge AI Emerges as Critical Infrastructure for Real-Time Finance | PYMNTS.com

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Edge AI Emerges as Critical Infrastructure for Real-Time Finance | PYMNTS.com

The financial sector’s honeymoon phase with centralized, cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) is meeting a hard reality: The speed of a fiber-optic cable isn’t always fast enough.

For payments, fraud detection and identity verification, the milliseconds lost in “round-tripping” data to a distant server represent more than just lag — they are a structural vulnerability. As the industry matures, the competitive frontier is shifting toward edge AI, moving the point of decision-making from the data center to the literal edge of the network — the ATM, the point-of-sale (POS) terminal, and the branch server.

From Batch Processing to Instant Inference

At the heart of this shift is inference, the moment a trained model applies its logic to a live transaction. While the cloud remains the ideal laboratory for training massive models, it is an increasingly inefficient theater for execution.

Financial workflows are rarely “batch” problems; they are “now” problems. Authorizing a high-value payment or flagging a suspicious login happens in a heartbeat. By moving inference into local gateways and on-premise infrastructure, institutions are effectively eliminating the “cloud tax” — the combined burden of latency, bandwidth costs and egress fees. This local execution isn’t just a technical preference; it’s a cost-control strategy. As transaction volumes surge, edge deployments offer a more predictable total cost of ownership (TCO) compared to the variable, often skyrocketing costs of cloud-only scaling.

Coverage from PYMNTS highlights how financial firms are transitioning from cloud-centric large models toward task-specific systems optimized for real-time operations and cost control.

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From Cloud-Centric AI to Decision-Making at the Edge

The first wave of enterprise AI adoption leaned heavily on cloud infrastructure. Large models and centralized data lakes proved effective for analytics, forecasting and customer insights. But financial workflows are not batch problems. Authorizing a payment, flagging fraud or approving a cash withdrawal happens in milliseconds. Routing every decision process through a centralized cloud introduces latency, cost and operational risk.

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Edge AI moves inference into branch servers, payment gateways and local infrastructure, enabling systems to decide without every query circling back to a central cloud. That local execution is especially critical in finance, where latency, privacy and compliance are business requirements.

Real-time processing at the edge trims costly round trips and avoids the cloud bandwidth and egress fees that accumulate at scale. CIO highlights that as inference volumes grow, edge deployments often deliver lower and more predictable total cost of ownership than cloud-only approaches.

Banks and payments providers are identifying specific edge use cases where local intelligence unlocks business value. Fraud detection systems at ATMs can use facial analytics and transaction context to assess threats in real time without routing sensitive video data, keeping customer information on-premise and reducing exposure.

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Edge AI also supports smart branch automation, real-time risk scoring and adaptive security controls that respond instantly to contextual signals, functions that centralized cloud inference cannot economically replicate at transaction scale.

Edge AI delivers clear operational and governance advantages by reducing bandwidth use, cloud dependency and attack surface. Keeping decision logic local also simplifies compliance by limiting unnecessary data movement, a priority for regulated financial institutions.

Edge AI Stack Is Coalescing Across the Tech Industry

The broader tech ecosystem reinforces this trend. As reported by Reuters, chipmakers such as Arm are expanding edge-optimized AI licensing programs to accelerate on-device inference development, reflecting growing conviction that distributed AI will capture a larger share of enterprise compute workloads. Nvidia is advancing that shift through platforms such as EGX, Jetson and IGX, which bring accelerated computing and real-time inference into enterprise, industrial and infrastructure environments where latency and reliability matter.

Intel is taking a similar approach by integrating AI accelerators such as its Gaudi 3 chips into hybrid architectures and partnering with providers including IBM to push scalable, secure inference closer to users. IBM, in turn, is embedding AI across hybrid cloud and edge deployments through its watsonx platform and enterprise services, with an emphasis on governance, integration and control.

In financial services, these converging moves make edge AI more than a deployment option. It is increasingly the infrastructure layer for enterprise AI, enabling institutions to embed intelligence directly into transaction flows while maintaining discipline over cost, risk and operational continuity.

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Spanberger taps Del. Sickles to be Secretary of Finance

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Spanberger taps Del. Sickles to be Secretary of Finance

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by Brandon Jarvis

Gov.-elect Abigail Spanberger has tapped Del. Mark Sickles, D-Fairfax, to serve as her Secretary of Finance.

Sickles has been in the House of Delegates for 22 years and is the second-highest-ranking Democrat on the House Appropriations Committee.

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“As the Vice Chair of the House Appropriations Committee, Delegate Sickles has years of experience working with both Democrats and Republicans to pass commonsense budgets that have offered tax relief for families and helped Virginia’s economy grow,” Spanberger said in a statement Tuesday.

Sickles has been a House budget negotiator since 2018.

Del. Mark Sickles.

“We need to make sure every tax dollar is employed to its greatest effect for hard-working Virginians to keep tuition low, to build more affordable housing, to ensure teachers are properly rewarded for their work, and to make quality healthcare available and affordable for everyone,” Sickles said in a statement. “The Finance Secretariat must be a team player in helping Virginia’s government to perform to its greatest potential.”

Sickles is the third member of the House that Spanberger has selected to serve in her administration. Del. Candi Mundon King, D-Prince William, was tapped to serve as the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and Del. David Bulova, D-Fairfax, was named Secretary of Historic and Natural Resources.


This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

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Stories posted on Virginiascope.com are available for publications to republish in their entirety for free.

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Bank of Korea needs to remain wary of financial stability risks, board member says

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Bank of Korea needs to remain wary of financial stability risks, board member says

SEOUL, Dec 23 (Reuters) – South Korea’s central bank needs to remain wary of financial stability risks, such as heightened volatility in the won currency and upward pressure on house prices, a board member said on Tuesday.

“Volatility is increasing in financial and foreign exchange markets with sharp fluctuations in stock prices and comparative weakness in the won,” said Chang Yong-sung, a member of the Bank of Korea’s seven-seat monetary policy board.

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The won hit on Tuesday its weakest level since early April at 1,483.5 per dollar. It has fallen more than 8% in the second half of 2025.

Chang also warned of high credit risks for some vulnerable sectors and continuously rising house prices in his comments released with the central bank’s semiannual financial stability report.

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In the report, the BOK said it would monitor risk factors within the financial system and proactively seek market stabilising measures if needed, though it noted most indicators of foreign exchange conditions remained stable.

Monetary policy would continue to be coordinated with macroprudential policies, it added.

The BOK held rates steady for the fourth straight monetary policy meeting last month and signalled it could be nearing the end of the current rate cut cycle, as currency weakness reduced scope for further easing.
Following the November meeting, it has rolled out various currency stabilisation measures.

The BOK’s next monetary policy meeting is in January.

Reporting by Jihoon Lee; Editing by Jamie Freed

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles., opens new tab

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