Finance
Financial surveillance threatens California border businesses
Many people do business in cash. They pay rent, go shopping, or wire money to relatives without government surveillance. But now, under a new federal directive targeting neighborhoods near the Southern Border, different rules apply.
Esperanza Gomez owns Novedades y Servicios, a small storefront offering entirely legal and legitimate money services to people who use cash. Normally, anytime a customer wants to do anything over $10,000—like cash a check, get a money order, or wire money—businesses that help them must record sensitive personal information, including the customer’s Social Security number, and report it to the federal government.
But starting on April 14, 2025, the government lowered that threshold to just $200. Previously, Gomez never had to make these reports because her customers’ transactions are always under $10,000. But because of the new rule, she suddenly must report nearly every transaction to the feds.
Many customers do not want the government to get a report every time they cash a check to buy groceries, diapers, or clothes at the stores across the way from Gomez’s shop. “My customers are honest people who are trying to live their lives,” she says, “Many do not have bank accounts, and they need these services. They don’t understand why this is required.”
What’s more, the new law only applies to 20 ZIP codes in Texas and 10 in California across Imperial and San Diego Counties. Everywhere else, the federal reporting standard remains $10,000. Actual criminals—if they really need to move money in $200 increments—can just go to a San Diego ZIP code not targeted by the new rule or head north toward Orange and Riverside counties.
Left behind will be small-business owners like Gomez and her customers who lack mobility.
The burden of compliance with the new law threatens to drive Gomez out of business. She will need more hours than she has in the day to complete the required paperwork. Penalties for a missed report top $70,000.
For a one-person store like Novedades y Servicios, this new surveillance regime is both business-crushing and a huge invasion of financial privacy. “I’ve always followed the law and will continue to do so,” Gomez says. “But this would be so costly that it would probably put me out of business.”
The government says the order is temporary—expiring in September—but past surveillance orders issued by the same federal agency have been repeatedly renewed past their expiration dates. Some have eventually been expanded to cover the entire country.
Rather than go away quietly, Gomez filed a federal lawsuit on April 15, 2025. Our public interest law firm, the Institute for Justice, represents her. For now, at least, she can breathe easy. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California issued a temporary restraining order on April 22, pausing enforcement for a short period while the court considers more permanent relief.
We also represent Texas business owner Arnoldo Gonzalez, Jr., in a separate case. A court in Texas court paused the new surveillance rules for the companies in that case, but other Texas businesses still must comply.
The underlying issues are the same in both cases. Unlimited surveillance violates the Fourth Amendment, which guarantees people’s right to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Financial privacy is an important part of this guarantee. People should not be forced to serve as unpaid government surveillance agents—monitoring the actions of their customers—just because they run a money services business near Mexico. If the government has a problem with specific individuals, it needs specific warrants laying out specific facts.
The government already pushes the limits in other ways. The requirement to report cash transactions over $10,000 has been in place since the 1970s. Since then, the scope of financial surveillance has dramatically increased. Companies must monitor their customers and report anything suspicious.
Many people have no idea this surveillance occurs. This is by design. The same law that mandates financial surveillance also prohibits companies from telling customers about the results of that surveillance.
The shift to targeting transactions over $200 is the latest step in the creeping expansion of this surveillance scheme. It will draw in ordinary, everyday transactions by people who are just trying to live their lives.
Gomez and Gonzalez are drawing the line.
Rob Johnson is a senior attorney and Betsy Sanz is an attorney at the Institute for Justice in Arlington, Va.
Finance
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Finance
Spanberger taps Del. Sickles to be Secretary of Finance
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Gov.-elect Abigail Spanberger has tapped Del. Mark Sickles, D-Fairfax, to serve as her Secretary of Finance.
Sickles has been in the House of Delegates for 22 years and is the second-highest-ranking Democrat on the House Appropriations Committee.
“As the Vice Chair of the House Appropriations Committee, Delegate Sickles has years of experience working with both Democrats and Republicans to pass commonsense budgets that have offered tax relief for families and helped Virginia’s economy grow,” Spanberger said in a statement Tuesday.
Sickles has been a House budget negotiator since 2018.
“We need to make sure every tax dollar is employed to its greatest effect for hard-working Virginians to keep tuition low, to build more affordable housing, to ensure teachers are properly rewarded for their work, and to make quality healthcare available and affordable for everyone,” Sickles said in a statement. “The Finance Secretariat must be a team player in helping Virginia’s government to perform to its greatest potential.”
Sickles is the third member of the House that Spanberger has selected to serve in her administration. Del. Candi Mundon King, D-Prince William, was tapped to serve as the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and Del. David Bulova, D-Fairfax, was named Secretary of Historic and Natural Resources.
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Stories posted on Virginiascope.com are available for publications to republish in their entirety for free.
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Finance
Bank of Korea needs to remain wary of financial stability risks, board member says
SEOUL, Dec 23 (Reuters) – South Korea’s central bank needs to remain wary of financial stability risks, such as heightened volatility in the won currency and upward pressure on house prices, a board member said on Tuesday.
“Volatility is increasing in financial and foreign exchange markets with sharp fluctuations in stock prices and comparative weakness in the won,” said Chang Yong-sung, a member of the Bank of Korea’s seven-seat monetary policy board.
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The won hit on Tuesday its weakest level since early April at 1,483.5 per dollar. It has fallen more than 8% in the second half of 2025.
Chang also warned of high credit risks for some vulnerable sectors and continuously rising house prices in his comments released with the central bank’s semiannual financial stability report.
In the report, the BOK said it would monitor risk factors within the financial system and proactively seek market stabilising measures if needed, though it noted most indicators of foreign exchange conditions remained stable.
Monetary policy would continue to be coordinated with macroprudential policies, it added.
The BOK’s next monetary policy meeting is in January.
Reporting by Jihoon Lee; Editing by Jamie Freed
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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