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Finance jobs are more competitive than ever, so some college students are sitting for the industry's most grueling exam before they even graduate

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Finance jobs are more competitive than ever, so some college students are sitting for the industry's most grueling exam before they even graduate

More college students are signing up for the tests to get a leg up in competing for internships and jobs, according to the Chartered Financial Analyst Institute, which administers the tests.

The CFA is a three-exam qualification, often regarded as the industry’s most rigorous and prestigious certification. It’s a prerequisite for certain roles in banking or private equity. Only 46% of those who took the first level in May passed the test.

About one in five people who start the CFA process are students, Rob Langrick, chief product advocate at the CFA Institute, told Business Insider. Recently, the average age of candidates fell from 24 to about 23 as the number of undergraduates enrolling for the program increased, he said.

Langrick said that more people prefer to start the process while they are still used to studying and are not yet tied to a full-time work schedule. And for students coming from less-known schools, the CFA designation stands out for employers, Langrick said.

The increase in college students starting the CFA process comes as fewer people overall are taking the exams.

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CFA Level I sign-ups first dropped in late 2020, given pandemic-induced cancellations and exam deferments. But the numbers have dropped significantly since then.

In 2018 and 2019, an average of about 162,000 people took the Level I exam each year. But in 2022 and 2023, that annual average dropped to about 87,000, according to the CFA Institute.

Helpful for portfolio managers but not for bankers

Eric Wye, who graduated last year from the National University of Singapore, prepared for the Level I and II exams as a student. He thought his economics degree didn’t cover enough applied finance for the kinds of jobs he wanted to do.

But getting partway through the CFA didn’t change his trajectory, Wye said.

“I felt that it did not explicitly give me an advantage in searching for finance internships, as I believe prior experience in related roles might be more valued,” he said.

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Wye is now working at a multinational bank while preparing for the Level III exam.

While the certification may be important for roles like portfolio managers and securities analysts, Wye does not think its value applies to all finance careers, including investment banking or sales and trading. On the job for a year now, he hasn’t found many peers who passed all three CFA levels, nor that there is an implicit expectation of holding the designation.

Another candidate, who is in his third year of school at Singapore Management University and is preparing for Level I, agreed that the exam is more helpful for those outside finance looking to break in.

The student spoke to BI on the condition of anonymity, because he is a summer intern not authorized to speak with the media. His identity is known to BI.

“I think it’s important if I didn’t have access to finance at all. But if you’re already in a finance major, then maybe it’s not as necessary,” he said.

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Do you have a story to share about your career in finance? Email this reporter: shubhangigoel@insider.com

Finance

City reviews billion-dollar debt outlook

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City reviews billion-dollar debt outlook

Financial adviser Noe Hinojosa of Estrada Hinojosa & Co. standing on May 21, 2026, at City Hall.

David Gomez Jr. /Laredo Morning Times

As Laredo prepares for another major budget season, city financial advisers have told councilmembers that maintaining strong credit ratings and stable revenue streams will be critical as the city moves toward hundreds of millions of dollars in infrastructure borrowing.

Financial adviser Noe Hinojosa of Estrada Hinojosa & Co. recently presented a broad overview of the city’s debt portfolio, revenue systems and long-term borrowing capacity as officials continue preparing the fiscal year 2026-27 budget expected later this summer.

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Much of the discussion centered on how the city plans to finance major projects tied to international bridges, water infrastructure, airport improvements and other capital needs while preserving investor confidence and avoiding major impacts on taxpayers.

“The cost of borrowing is a lot lower because of the fact that you are a respected entity and know how to keep your finances in order,” Hinojosa told LMT.

According to Hinojosa, Laredo currently maintains strong investment-grade credit ratings of Aa2 from Moody’s and AA from Standard & Poor’s for its general obligation debt. Hinojosa noted only a handful of Texas cities currently hold the highest AAA ratings.

The city’s overall debt portfolio now exceeds $1 billion across multiple systems, including general obligation debt, water and sewer debt, international bridge debt, and sports venue sales tax debt.

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Despite the size of the obligations, Hinojosa repeatedly emphasized that Laredo remains in a comparatively stable position because many of the city’s largest debt obligations are backed by dedicated enterprise revenues rather than solely property taxes.

Bridge system remains major financial focus

The international bridge system has emerged as one of the largest focal points as city leaders continue discussing bridge toll increases tied to planned expansion projects.

According to Hinojosa, the city expects approximately $240 million in bridge-related capital needs over the coming years, including major expansion work at the World Trade Bridge and Colombia Solidarity Bridge.

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The proposal outlined roughly:

  • $180 million in financing for bridge expansions.
  • $35 million for modernization and capital improvement projects.
  • Another $25 million for toll system upgrades and next-generation revenue collection technology.

The bridge system generated approximately $86 million in projected revenue for fiscal year 2025, with roughly $64.7 million remaining available for debt service after expenses.

Debt coverage ratios tied to the bridge system remained well above required minimum thresholds throughout the long-term projections presented to City Council.

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Hinojosa said investors closely monitor those ratios when deciding whether to lend money for large infrastructure projects.

“You have to have investment made by investors to lend us the money to do those improvements,” Hinojosa said. “The city fortunately enjoys a very competitive advantage over many border crossings all over the country.”

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He pointed to Laredo’s role as the nation’s busiest inland port as a major factor supporting the city’s long-term borrowing outlook.

“Laredo is recognized as the No. 1 port of entry, and it’s not by coincidence,” Hinojosa said. “We happen to be right where it matters.”

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The bridge financing discussion comes not long after city leaders delayed moving forward on a proposed multiyear bridge toll increase plan following pushback from trucking industry representatives and some councilmembers.

Infrastructure demands continue to grow

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The city’s water and sewer system currently carries more than $550 million in outstanding debt, though advisers said coverage ratios and enterprise revenue remain stable.

Hinojosa said Laredo’s continued population growth and expanding trade economy are increasing pressure on existing infrastructure systems.

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“We need water pipelines being restored. Some people are talking about secondary water sources, water capacity, sewer capacity,” Hinojosa said. “That infrastructure needs investment.”

Airport improvements were also discussed as part of the city’s broader capital outlook.

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“There are some assets that need to be replaced,” Hinojosa said. “The airport continues to be growing and now it’s our turn to make some needed investments.”

City compares favorably to other Texas cities

Hinojosa compared Laredo’s debt metrics, tax rates and financial standing against 25 similarly sized Texas cities.

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The charts showed Laredo ranking comparatively well in several categories, including total debt burden, debt per capita and tax-supported obligations relative to taxable value.

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City officials also noted taxable property values continue rising locally, with assessed values projected near $26.5 billion for fiscal year 2026.

Still, city leaders acknowledged during the broader workshop that financial pressures remain significant heading into the next budget cycle.

Officials have already identified rising employee health insurance costs, capital improvement demands and long-term infrastructure obligations as major challenges likely to shape the upcoming budget process.

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City Manager Joe Neeb said the prebudget workshops are intended to give councilmembers and the public a clearer understanding of how different financial decisions affect one another before the full budget proposal is formally introduced in August.

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“There’s so much data that is moving back and forth and adjusting,” Neeb said. “If you move one thing, it changes another.”

No formal action related to borrowing or bond issuances was taken during Thursday’s workshop, though several of the financing discussions are expected to return during budget meetings throughout the summer.

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Hinojosa said the city’s long-term financial strategy ultimately depends on balancing infrastructure investment with maintaining financial discipline.

“We’re working very diligently with city staff to make sure that we take care of those needs,” Hinojosa said. “But at the same time, we have to protect the city’s financial position.”

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How this week’s inflation data and interest rates affect your money

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How this week’s inflation data and interest rates affect your money
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The week at a glance

If you’re tired of hearing about inflation, interest rates and the economy without understanding anyone explaining what it actually means for your bills, this week’s lineup is worth a quick look. New data coming this week brings three big questions into focus over the next few days:

  1. How long will interest rates stay this high?
  2. Are prices heating up again behind the scenes?
  3. How are regular people feeling about their finances and the economy?

Those answers will could help decide whether you need to tighten your budget, speed up debt payoff, or simply stay the course for the foreseeable future.

Key economic reports to watch — and why they matter

Think of this week’s data as a checkup on both prices and mood. Here’s what you need to know.

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Consumer Price Index

The first report to be aware of this week looks at what you pay: how prices are changing on things like groceries, gas, rent and other everyday costs. If it shows prices still rising faster than expected, it means your paycheck may not stretch as far. The CPI for May 2026 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, June 10.

Producer Price Index

The second looks at what companies pay. If their costs rise, they often pass that along to you in the form of higher prices at the store, the pump, or on your monthly bills. The PPI for May 2026 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, June 11.

Consumer sentiment survey

The third asks people how they feel about their finances and the economy. When the mood is gloomy, people tend to cut back on travel, dining out and big purchases. Expect that to surface on Friday, June 12.

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Big picture, these numbers all feed into the same question you probably care about most: How long until borrowing money gets cheaper again?

What’s important to remember is that the Federal Reserve is watching all of this to decide when to finally start cutting interest rates. That decision hits you through:

  • Credit‑card rates
  • Car and personal loans
  • Mortgage rates
  • What you earn on savings

What this means for your money right now

Here’s a straightforward way to break it all down.

The Consumer Price Index and your everyday costs

If the CPI report shows that prices rose more than expected, it’s a sign that:

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  • Everyday costs are still climbing.
  • It’s less likely that borrowing costs (like credit‑card, car loan or mortgage rates) will come down soon.
  • You may keep feeling that “everything is still expensive,” even if inflation isn’t as high as a couple of years ago.

If the CPI reflects that prices are rising more slowly, that’s a win, even if it doesn’t feel dramatic. It makes it more likely that:

  • Price hikes start to slow, especially on big categories like food, energy and shelter.
  • The Fed feels more comfortable cutting interest rates later this year or next.
  • Over time, some relief shows up on mortgage, auto loan and card rates.

What you can do now

Review your top five monthly expenses and see where you can trim them.

If inflation looks sticky, focus on essentials: Plan meals, compare prices, and look for cheaper swaps on groceries, gas and insurance. If inflation cools, resist the urge to celebrate by overspending. Instead, use any breathing room to pay down debt or rebuild savings.

The Producer Price Index and your monthly bills

If the PPI comes in hot — meaning companies are paying more again — it’s a sign that:

If the report comes in cooler — meaning costs are stabilizing or falling — that’s a small victory for your budget. It doesn’t mean prices suddenly fall, but it makes it more likely that:

  • Price hikes slow down.
  • The Fed feels more comfortable cutting rates later this year or next.
  • Some relief eventually shows up on loan and card rates.

What you can do now

Pick one bill to actively push back on this week: insurance, phone plan, internet or streaming. Call, negotiate or cancel.

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Watch for creative price changes — smaller packages, higher fees — and swap to store brands or alternatives when it makes sense.

Americans’ feelings affect the economy

The consumer sentiment survey is about job security, big purchases and vibes — and those vibes matter. When people feel down about the economy:

  • They delay big purchases like cars and homes.
  • They cut back on trips, concerts and dining out.
  • They may build up savings out of fear, if they can.

When people feel better:

  • They’re more willing to spend and take on big commitments.
  • Companies see that and may hire more or feel safer giving raises.

What you can do now

If this week’s consumer sentiment survey shows people feel even worse than they did recently, it won’t change your paycheck overnight. But it’s a reminder to be ready. Have a small emergency fund if you can, and know which expenses you’d cut first if money got tight. Stay realistic about big purchases; you might want a bigger cushion than usual.

If the mood improves, that’s a good sign for job security and pay. But it doesn’t mean you should throw the budget out the window.

3 smart money moves to make this week

No matter what the numbers say, you can use this week’s reports as a reminder to tune up your finances. Here are three practical moves you can knock out in a day or two, according to experts.

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1. Give your highest‑interest debt a little extra love

If you carry a credit‑card balance, this is probably where high interest rates hurt most. Log into your accounts and sort by interest rate. Pick the one with the highest rate and send one extra payment, even if it’s small. If you’ve been coasting on minimums, bump one payment by even $20 or $30 this month. You can’t control when the Fed finally cuts rates, but you can control how long you carry expensive debt.

2. Make your savings actually earn something

If you’ve got cash sitting in a checking account or an old, low‑rate savings account, now’s the time to fix that.

Check the interest rate on your current savings. If it’s close to zero, consider opening a high‑yield savings account with a better rate. Move the cash you don’t need for bills into that higher‑rate account. Higher interest rates are painful on debt, but they’re finally paying savers more. Make sure you’re getting your share.

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3. Pressure‑test your budget

Use this week’s headlines as a nudge to stress‑test your budget. Ask yourself:

  • If my rent or mortgage went up a bit, where would the money come from?
  • If interest rates stay high for another year, can I still hit my goals?
  • If my job got shakier, what’s the first expense I’d cut?

You don’t need a 20‑tab spreadsheet. Even a quick list of “must keep” and “easy to cut” expenses can make you feel more in control.

Bottom line: High rates may stick around

While you can’t control the numbers, you can still chip away at high‑interest debt, make your savings work harder, and make a simple plan for your biggest bills. If you treat each report as a reminder to do one small money task — not an excuse to panic — you’ll come out of this high‑rate stretch in better shape than most.

This story was created with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Journalists were involved in every step of the information gathering, review, editing and publishing process. Learn more.

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Bank of America resets Nvidia stock forecast after meeting with CFO

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Bank of America resets Nvidia stock forecast after meeting with CFO

Nvidia (NVDA) stock has clearly been on every investor’s radar over the past three years.

However, the market’s now moved beyond the usual demand discussions and is now fixated on its tremendous runway.

That changes the dynamic in a big way and will shape the stock’s long-term trajectory, especially since it leaves little room for disappointment.

For context, if you’d invested $10,000 in Nvidia stock and left it for three years, you’d be sitting at a jaw-dropping $52,300.

Nevertheless, a ton of future growth is already priced into the stock, and investors buying Nvidia today are paying roughly 35 times forward non-GAAP earnings, according to Seeking Alpha.

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Bank of America analysts just had a fresh read on that opportunity after hosting Nvidia CFO Colette Kress at its Global Technology Conference.

Moreover, Nvidia investor-relations executive Stewart Stecker gave analysts a look at how the tech giant is thinking about demand, supply, and the next product cycle.

For perspective, in one of his recent posts, TheStreet’s resident tech expert and reporter Vuk Zdinjak broke down the AI giant’s biggest announcements from the GTC Taipei event.

During the event, Nvidia confirmed that its new Vera Rubin AI platform has entered full production, backed by hundreds of partners helping ramp up manufacturing across the globe.

Additionally, the RTX Spark was introduced, a new superchip built for Windows PCs, that can efficiently run AI agents and the latest AI models locally.

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BofA analysts now view Nvidia as more than just a leader in GPUs.

They paint a picture of a uniquely diversified company, powered by a full-stack approach that continues to widen its competitive edge as AI use cases evolve

Moreover, after sitting down with management, BofA analysts believe the growth runway is expanding.

That compelled the firm to effectively reset its expectations on the stock.

Bank of America reaffirmed Nvidia after management discussions highlighted expanding AI infrastructure opportunities aheadI-HWA CHENG / Getty Images

Wall Street price targets for Nvidia stock

  • Morgan Stanley set a $288 price target on Nvidia stock. .

  • Bank of America set a $350 price target on Nvidia stock. .

  • UBS set a $280 price target on Nvidia stock. .

  • JPMorgan set a $280 price target on Nvidia stock. .

  • Goldman Sachs set a $285 price target on Nvidia stock. .

  • Cantor Fitzgerald set a $350 price target on Nvidia stock.
    Source: MarketBeat.

Bank of America sees Nvidia’s AI runway getting even wider

As mentioned earlier, BofA analysts feel Nvidia is far from being just a GPU story.

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More Nvidia:

In fact, they argue that the tech giant has spread its tentacles into CPUs, AI systems, software, networking, and several other areas.

Consequently, Nvidia’s content per gigawatt is likely to rise sharply with every product generation, from $40 billion per GW for Blackwell to $60 billion to $80 billion per GW for Vera Rubin and Rubin Ultra, and potentially $100 billion per GW with Feynman.

The reset rests on three big takeaways:

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  • CPU opportunity is expanding: Nvidia expects $20billion in Vera CPU sales in the back-half of fiscal 2027, split evenly between head-node sockets and standalone agentic AI sockets.

  • AI system value is rising: Vera Rubin includes 7 chips across 5 racks, compared to Blackwell’s main compute rack.

  • Demand visibility looks strong: Nvidia’s $124 billion purchase commitment underscores robust demand and supply visibility ahead.

Additionally, BofA analysts describe Nvidia as being the “king of diversity,” noting its sales mix is split evenly between hyperscalers and ACIE (AI Clouds, Industrial, and Enterprise).

The ACIE segment is forecasted to grow even faster over time, backing up the view that Nvidia’s moat is broadening.

Moreover, BofA analysts reiterated their Buy rating on the stock, with a $350 price target, based on 26 times calendar 2027 estimated earnings, excluding cash.

That multiple sits well within Nvidia’s historical 25x to 56x forward-year price-earnings range.

At around $205, the target points to a whopping 71% upside, a bold call to say the least for a business valued near $4.97 trillion.

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If Nvidia rises to $350 per share, its market cap could approach $8.5 trillion, assuming its share count remains largely unchanged, an insane level no other company has ever achieved.

Bank of America analysts flag Nvidia downside risks

  • BofA analysts flagged Nvidia’s legacy consumer-driven gaming segment as a laggard.

  • They pointed to growing competition from the top public companies, internal cloud projects, along with private AI firms involved in accelerated computing.

  • China is another thorn in its side, with export-related restrictions potentially weighing more heavily than expected.

  • Analysts pointed to concerns over Nvidia’s newer enterprise, data center, and auto markets producing lumpier, unpredictable revenue.

Nvidia stock returns vs. the S&P 500

  • Over the past month, Nvidia stock returned 4.38%, compared with 1.71% for the S&P 500.

  • Over the past six months, Nvidia stock returned 12.44%, compared with 7.47% for the S&P 500.

  • Year to date, Nvidia stock returned 9.97%, compared with 7.86% for the S&P 500.

  • Over the past year, Nvidia stock returned 46.51%, compared with 24.32% for the S&P 500.

  • Over the past three years, Nvidia stock returned 423.60%, compared with 72.77% for the S&P 500.

  • Over the past five years, Nvidia stock returned 1,066.78%, compared with 74.56% for the S&P 500.
    Source: Seeking Alpha.

Related: Morgan Stanley resets Nvidia stock forecast after key event

This story was originally published by TheStreet on Jun 6, 2026, where it first appeared in the Investing section. Add TheStreet as a Preferred Source by clicking here.

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