New York’s race for governor began as a potential blowout. It’ll come to a detailed on Tuesday in a useless warmth in contrast to something this safely Democratic state has seen in 20 years.

Gov. Kathy Hochul, the Democratic incumbent from Buffalo, stays the front-runner, given her occasion’s big benefit in registered voters. However Consultant Lee Zeldin, a staunch conservative from Lengthy Island allied with Donald J. Trump, has been making significant inroads amongst impartial and suburban voters, placing him inside just some factors of Ms. Hochul in current polls.

At a time when New York is grappling with a turbulent financial system, elevated crime and a rising local weather disaster, the variations between the 2 candidates are unusually stark.

Mr. Zeldin has voted persistently to restrict abortion rights; Ms. Hochul has made herself their defender. He needs to develop the extraction of climate-warming pure gasoline; she opposes it and is pushing a congestion pricing plan to assist cut back emissions in New York Metropolis. He’s pushing to reverse felony justice reforms that he says are spurring extra crime; she largely stands by the spirit of these legal guidelines. And although they’ve each vowed to make New York extra inexpensive, their proposals have little overlap.

Whoever wins on Tuesday will face huge challenges over the following 4 years. Listed below are the candidates’ views on six vital points.

— NICHOLAS FANDOS

Public Security

Like different states, New York has skilled an uptick in crime because the begin of the coronavirus pandemic. However a string of high-profile incidents, together with mass shootings on the subway and in a grocery retailer in Buffalo, has intensified fears amongst New Yorkers that public security is deteriorating quickly.

Mr. Zeldin, who grew up in two law-enforcement households, has made crime the centerpiece of his marketing campaign and blames makes an attempt by progressive Democrats to overtake the felony justice system. “Vote like your life relies on it,” he says in his closing marketing campaign message. “As a result of it does.”

His platform notably requires firing Alvin L. Bragg, who was elected the primary Black Manhattan district lawyer final 12 months.

Mr. Zeldin has additionally stated he’ll declare a state of emergency on his first day as governor to droop authorized modifications handed by means of the Democratic-led Legislature in recent times, together with a 2019 regulation that barred prosecutors from in search of money bail for sure crimes. The motion would face a stiff authorized problem, however Mr. Zeldin has framed it as a technique to pressure the Legislature to the negotiating desk.

As governor and as a candidate, Ms. Hochul has argued that the method championed by Mr. Zeldin and different Republicans is simplistic and locations an excessive amount of emphasis on bail legal guidelines.

She has labored with Mayor Eric Adams to develop companies that assist unhoused individuals with psychological well being points, introduced a plan to put in cameras in each subway automotive and extra not too long ago despatched a flood of law enforcement officials into the subways, the place crime will increase have been pronounced.

Below stress from Mr. Adams and over the objections of liberal Democrats, the governor did push by means of modifications to the bail regulation as part of the state’s annual price range, making it simpler for judges to set bail in some circumstances. However Republicans like Mr. Zeldin argue they left an excessive amount of of the regulation in place.

Ms. Hochul, who was endorsed by the Nationwide Rifle Affiliation a decade in the past, has additionally careworn the necessity to confiscate unlawful weapons, signed laws strengthening the state’s so-called purple flag legal guidelines and tried to restrict the place New Yorkers can carry a hid firearm. Mr. Zeldin, a gun-rights advocate, opposes limiting entry to weapons.

— NICHOLAS FANDOS

The Financial system and Inflation

Polls within the governor’s race present that inflation is a high concern for New Yorkers, and each candidates have highlighted their plans to enhance the state’s lagging financial restoration.

Mr. Zeldin has argued that the state price range is way too large at $220 billion and that the excessive price of residing is a serious motive persons are leaving the state.

He needs to introduce a state spending cap and to approve the “largest tax reduce” in state historical past. He has not offered full particulars about how precisely he would reduce packages and taxes, however has stated he wish to remove the state’s inheritance tax and, if he may, earnings taxes. On the identical time, Mr. Zeldin has referred to as for increasing fracking to spice up financial exercise within the rural Southern Tier.

“New York goes to be again open for enterprise, child — Jan. 1,” Mr. Zeldin stated at a current debate.

Ms. Hochul has argued that she offered regular management because the state recovered from the pandemic, and he or she not too long ago celebrated a cope with Micron, an American laptop chip maker, to spend as a lot as $100 billion to construct a manufacturing facility advanced in upstate New York. The state incentive package deal is $5.5 billion, one of many largest ever by any state.

“I stated I might jump-start the financial system and be sure that New York State was essentially the most business-friendly and essentially the most worker-friendly state within the nation,” Ms. Hochul stated on the Micron announcement.

In response to excessive gasoline costs, Ms. Hochul labored with state lawmakers to briefly droop some state taxes on gasoline — about 16 cents per gallon — by means of the top of the 12 months, and he or she has despatched election-year tax rebates to owners. However the governor largely helps the state’s present tax charges.

She has additionally criticized Mr. Zeldin for voting in opposition to the federal infrastructure invoice and the Inflation Discount Act, which is able to decrease prescription drug costs for individuals on Medicare and ship giant federal investments to the state for local weather associated tasks. He referred to as the invoice bloated and misguided.

— EMMA G. FITZSIMMONS

New York has prided itself for generations on being a protected harbor for abortion rights. However the Supreme Courtroom’s landmark resolution to finish federal protections for the process that have been assured by Roe v. Wade has as soon as once more thrust the problem to the forefront of public debate.

Ms. Hochul’s report on the problem is obvious. As Republicans rushed this summer season to place in place strict abortion bans from Missouri to Texas, she moved to allocate $35 million in state funding to develop abortion entry in New York and take the primary steps to completely enshrine reproductive rights within the state structure.

“That is repulsive at each degree,” Ms. Hochul stated within the quick aftermath of the courtroom’s resolution, insisting that New York would stay a “protected harbor” so long as she stays in workplace. At her route, the state even took out ads reminding New Yorkers of their reproductive well being choices whereas inviting different Individuals to hunt refuge in New York.

Mr. Zeldin’s acknowledged place has change into murkier, notably as he has campaigned this fall in a state the place near two-thirds of adults consider abortion needs to be authorized in nearly all circumstances.

As a member of Congress, he repeatedly voted for federal laws limiting abortion rights and defunding Deliberate Parenthood. He cheered on the Supreme Courtroom’s resolution as “a victory for all times, for household, for the Structure and for federalism.”

And as a candidate within the Republican major, he went so far as to inform New York Proper to Life, an anti-abortion group, that he supported overturning the 2019 state regulation guaranteeing abortion entry.

However within the race’s closing weeks, he has insisted in tv advertisements and statements that he wouldn’t really attempt to reverse the regulation as governor. He additionally argues that the Democratic State Meeting would by no means approve such modifications even when he pushed for them.

“I might not and couldn’t change New York’s abortion legal guidelines,” he wrote in a marketing campaign textual content message focusing on New Yorkers.

Nonetheless, there are steps he may take to make it more durable to get an abortion in New York, and he has already indicated that he may look to chop the funds Ms. Hochul allotted this 12 months.

“I’ve heard from New Yorkers who say that they don’t need their tax {dollars}, for instance, funding abortions for individuals who reside, you realize, 1,500 miles away from right here,” he stated in late October throughout his solely debate with the governor, on NY1.

— NICHOLAS FANDOS

Transportation

The governor controls the New York Metropolis subway, not the mayor — a incontrovertible fact that has vexed many mayors, who really feel powerless to repair a essential piece of town’s infrastructure.

The subsequent governor may have nice sway over the way forward for the transit system. One main difficulty is congestion pricing, a plan to toll drivers getting into the core of Manhattan.

Ms. Hochul helps the plan and says it’s obligatory to lift cash for the subway and to ease congestion; Mr. Zeldin opposes the plan and argues that New Yorkers can’t afford tolls as excessive as $23.

As New York marks the tenth anniversary of the devastation of Hurricane Sandy, the state is at a local weather crossroads. Democrats in Albany adopted one of many nation’s most bold plans to cut back greenhouse gasoline emissions within the nation. However the subsequent governor will play a major position in how the regulation really will get carried out within the coming years.

In only a 12 months as governor, Ms. Hochul has superior lots of the environmental priorities put in movement by fellow Democrats. She moved to require all new passenger vehicles and vans bought in New York be zero-emission by 2035. She elevated the dimensions of a $4.2 billion environmental bond act going earlier than voters this fall, and he or she has promoted giant investments in wind and solar energy and blocked upgrades to gas-fueled energy crops.

On the identical time, although, the governor has held out assist for some extra bold actions championed by environmental activists, like a invoice that will push the New York Energy Authority to part out fossil fuels.

Mr. Zeldin has stated he helps a cleaner atmosphere, however he opposes lots of the steps the state has taken to get there.

Mr. Zeldin’s personal vitality insurance policies are largely centered on driving down prices, whatever the environmental affect. He opposes the state’s ban on fracking and has made the extraction of pure gasoline in New York’s Southern Tier one of many high financial pledges of his marketing campaign. Communities there are “determined for having the ability to reverse the state’s ban,” Mr. Zeldin stated within the debate, including that he would additionally approve new pipeline purposes.

He has additionally been a constant critic of the congestion pricing plan, which is designed to cut back car site visitors and assist fund greener public transportation, however shall be expensive for commuters. He opposes Ms. Hochul’s transfer to ban gas-powered vehicles and helps suspending the state’s gasoline tax.

The League of Conservation Voters has persistently given him among the many lowest environmental data within the state; earlier this 12 months he voted in opposition to Congress’s landmark laws designed to slash carbon emissions.

— NICHOLAS FANDOS

Training

Three years in the past, New York Metropolis reached its most share of constitution colleges beneath a regulation that limits that sector’s progress statewide. Ms. Hochul and Mr. Zeldin have each expressed assist for elevating the cap on the variety of charters allowed within the metropolis, setting the stage for a contentious debate in subsequent 12 months’s legislative session. Town’s academics’ union and lots of Democratic lawmakers are against increasing charters, that are publicly funded however privately run.

Mayoral management of metropolis colleges may also come up for the following governor, when Mr. Adams’s authority expires in 2024. Each candidates have stated they assist extending mayoral management.

The candidates are divided on different flashpoint points in training, nevertheless. Mr. Zeldin has voiced assist for arming academics and college security brokers to forestall faculty shootings, for instance, an concept that Ms. Hochul opposes and has argued would make youngsters much less protected.

Mr. Zeldin has argued in opposition to what he calls the instructing of “divisive and harmful ideas” in colleges, like essential race concept, a time period that describes a framework used on the college degree to review racism. However restrictions on how colleges deal with race and different cultural points are unlikely to win assist amongst Democrats within the State Legislature, and Mr. Zeldin has change into much less vocal on the problem in current months.

Lastly, the following governor might face questions in regards to the oversight of Hasidic Jewish non-public colleges. Ms. Hochul has resisted taking a agency place since a New York Occasions investigation discovered that scores of yeshivas are systematically denying youngsters a primary secular training, whereas Mr. Zeldin has vowed to guard the colleges from governmental interference as he seeks to win over Orthodox Jewish teams.

— TROY CLOSSON