Culture
Book Review: ‘Gulf,’ by Mo Ogrodnik
GULF, by Mo Ogrodnik
Five women from different countries and social classes find themselves living in and around the Arabian Peninsula in Mo Ogrodnik’s debut novel, “Gulf,” a passionate if uneven look at the physical and emotional violence that women migrants face in the Persian Gulf region in particular, where tens of millions of foreign workers live today. Unfortunately, the premise tying together these disparate characters is as tenuous as it sounds, resulting in a portrait of women in the Middle East that feels reductive, at times even stereotypical.
Newly wed to the heir of a Saudi Arabian railway empire, Dounia is forced to move from Jeddah to a sprawling new mansion in the “desolate industrial complex” of Ras al-Khair, an epicenter of the region’s wealth, rapid modernization and maze-like construction sites. University educated and ambitious, she once hoped to join her father-in-law’s empire, as he was the one who “saw her potential” beyond the home. But his unexpected death leaves her feeling “useless and rotten,” isolated in the role of pregnant housewife.
When Dounia hires a Filipina domestic worker named Flora to be her maid and nanny, the latter is grieving her infant son’s recent death in a hurricane back home. “In the Gulf States, your employer is your sponsor,” Dounia explains of the region’s exploitative kafala system that often amounts to indentured servitude. Descending into postpartum depression, obsession and paranoia, she takes Flora’s passport and phone and treats her with increasing cruelty.
Meanwhile, Justine, a curator at the Museum of Natural History in New York, moves to Abu Dhabi with her teenage daughter, Wren, to oversee a falcon exhibit at a brand-new museum, lured by the job’s promises of financial security and adventure. There the privileged American expat will become disastrously entangled with Eskedare, an Ethiopian teenager who has traveled to the U.A.E. on forged documents.
The final thread concerns Zeinah, a Syrian university student whose parents coerce her into marrying an ISIS fighter — “even though girls in Raqqa were drinking antifreeze and committing suicide to avoid marrying ISIS fighters” — in the vain hope that the union will protect her from the same violence that led to her brother’s abduction and murder, after he protested the regime of Bashar al-Assad. Her husband, Omar, encourages her to join the “Al-Khansaa Brigade,” a kind of “female morality police” that promises its jihadist recruits “liberty, even if it meant the surveillance of others.”
A filmmaker and professor who formerly taught at New York University’s campus in Abu Dhabi, Ogrodnik writes in cinematic scenes that move quickly between these five perspectives. Perhaps as a result of the fast pace, Ogrodnik’s protagonists often feel more like archetypes of victim and victimizer than flesh-and-blood individuals. “Flora was kind, and her tenderness was infuriating,” Dounia thinks as she seizes her employee’s connection to the outside world. “Something she felt compelled to destroy.” Zeinah is neither a migrant nor living in a Persian Gulf state, and her inclusion in the novel does little more than evoke the stereotype that a story about the Middle East must somehow include a terrorist. Joining Al-Khansaa, she falls easily into the sadism of ordering the public torture of women who disobey Shariah law, and Ogrodnik describes her inner turmoil with a heavy hand: “She felt a strange sense of sisterhood and camaraderie with these women, but she questioned the nature of this connection. It could be so many things: her loneliness, the trauma and violence that had befallen her brother, her family, her city.”
The dialogue too can be didactic, Wren’s American friend stating a theme of the novel outright: “My mom says the hospitals are filled with women workers trying to escape. Women with broken ankles who’ve jumped from high floors. Last month a woman was killed walking down the middle of the highway with her hands up. Lots of them are trafficked.”
There may be a point to this flattening, to collapsing distant regions into one narrative, and reducing whole lives to symbols of privilege or lack. The abuse of women is not limited by geography or class. But to come to life on the page, fictional characters and places cannot be reduced to generalizations.
GULF | By Mo Ogrodnik | Summit Books | 422 pp. | $29.99
Culture
I Think This Poem Is Kind of Into You
A famous poet once observed that it is difficult to get the news from poems. The weather is a different story. April showers, summer sunshine and — maybe especially — the chill of winter provide an endless supply of moods and metaphors. Poets like to practice a double meteorology, looking out at the water and up at the sky for evidence of interior conditions of feeling.
The inner and outer forecasts don’t always match up. This short poem by Louise Glück starts out cold and stays that way for most of its 11 lines.
And then it bursts into flame.
“Early December in Croton-on-Hudson” comes from Glück’s debut collection, “Firstborn,” which was published in 1968. She wrote the poems in it between the ages of 18 and 23, but they bear many of the hallmarks of her mature style, including an approach to personal matters — sex, love, illness, family life — that is at once uncompromising and elusive. She doesn’t flinch. She also doesn’t explain.
Here, for example, Glück assembles fragments of experience that imply — but also obscure — a larger narrative. It’s almost as if a short story, or even a novel, had been smashed like a glass Christmas ornament, leaving the reader to infer the sphere from the shards.
We know there was a couple with a flat tire, and that a year later at least one of them still has feelings for the other. It’s hard not to wonder if they’re still together, or where they were going with those Christmas presents.
To some extent, those questions can be addressed with the help of biographical clues. The version of “Early December in Croton-on-Hudson” that appeared in The Atlantic in 1967 was dedicated to Charles Hertz, a Columbia University graduate student who was Glück’s first husband. They divorced a few years later. Glück, who died in 2023, was never shy about putting her life into her work.
But the poem we are reading now is not just the record of a passion that has long since cooled. More than 50 years after “Firstborn,” on the occasion of receiving the Nobel Prize for literature, Glück celebrated the “intimate, seductive, often furtive or clandestine” relations between poets and their readers. Recalling her childhood discovery of William Blake and Emily Dickinson, she declared her lifelong ardor for “poems to which the listener or reader makes an essential contribution, as recipient of a confidence or an outcry, sometimes as co-conspirator.”
That’s the kind of poem she wrote.
“Confidence” can have two meanings, both of which apply to “Early December in Croton-on-Hudson.” Reading it, you are privy to a secret, something meant for your ears only. You are also in the presence of an assertive, self-possessed voice.
Where there is power, there’s also risk. To give voice to desire — to whisper or cry “I want you” — is to issue a challenge and admit vulnerability. It’s a declaration of conquest and a promise of surrender.
What happens next? That’s up to you.
Culture
Can You Identify Where the Winter Scenes in These Novels Took Place?
Cold weather can serve as a plot point or emphasize the mood of a scene, and this week’s literary geography quiz highlights the locations of recent novels that work winter conditions right into the story. Even if you aren’t familiar with the book, the questions offer an additional hint about the setting. To play, just make your selection in the multiple-choice list and the correct answer will be revealed. At the end of the quiz, you’ll find links to the books if you’d like to do further reading.
Culture
From NYT’s 10 Best Books of 2025: A.O. Scott on Kiran Desai’s New Novel
When a writer is praised for having a sense of place, it usually means one specific place — a postage stamp of familiar ground rendered in loving, knowing detail. But Kiran Desai, in her latest novel, “The Loneliness of Sonia and Sunny,” has a sense of places.
This 670-page book, about the star-crossed lovers of the title and several dozen of their friends, relatives, exes and servants (there’s a chart in the front to help you keep track), does anything but stay put. If “The Loneliness of Sonia and Sunny” were an old-fashioned steamer trunk, it would be papered with shipping labels: from Allahabad (now known as Prayagraj), Goa and Delhi; from Queens, Kansas and Vermont; from Mexico City and, perhaps most delightfully, from Venice.
There, in Marco Polo’s hometown, the titular travelers alight for two chapters, enduring one of several crises in their passionate, complicated, on-again, off-again relationship. One of Venice’s nicknames is La Serenissima — “the most serene” — but in Desai’s hands it’s the opposite: a gloriously hectic backdrop for Sonia and Sunny’s romantic confusion.
Their first impressions fill a nearly page-long paragraph. Here’s how it begins.
Sonia is a (struggling) fiction writer. Sunny is a (struggling) journalist. It’s notable that, of the two of them, it is she who is better able to perceive the immediate reality of things, while he tends to read facts through screens of theory and ideology, finding sociological meaning in everyday occurrences. He isn’t exactly wrong, and Desai is hardly oblivious to the larger narratives that shape the fates of Sunny, Sonia and their families — including the economic and political changes affecting young Indians of their generation.
But “The Loneliness of Sonia and Sunny” is about more than that. It’s a defense of the very idea of more, and thus a rebuke to the austerity that defines so much recent literary fiction. Many of Desai’s peers favor careful, restricted third-person narration, or else a measured, low-affect “I.” The bookstores are full of skinny novels about the emotional and psychological thinness of contemporary life. This book is an antidote: thick, sloppy, fleshy, all over the place.
It also takes exception to the postmodern dogma that we only know reality through representations of it, through pre-existing concepts of the kind to which intellectuals like Sunny are attached. The point of fiction is to assert that the world is true, and to remind us that it is vast, strange and astonishing.
See the full list of the 10 Best Books of 2025 here.
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