Early on within the pandemic, he began writing a e book taking a look at crises from 1945 to the current day to attempt to clarify the momentous modifications in our society and economic system. Forward of the autumn launch of the e book, “Adrift: America in 100 Charts,” DealBook spoke with Mr. Galloway about what he had found about America throughout his analysis, and the place he thinks we’re heading.

The dialog has been edited and condensed for readability and size.

Your e book means that the depths of recession might be a good time to launch a start-up. With all the warning bells from markets and the Fed, ought to individuals be considering entrepreneurially?

What the proof exhibits is that it’s really a very good time to begin a enterprise. While you begin a enterprise in a recession, it’s cheaper — every part from actual property to staff to expertise is inexpensive. It sounds sort of counterintuitive, however constructing a enterprise throughout a recession stress-tests the standard of the enterprise early. It’s like while you need troopers who’ve been by way of fight — a enterprise that begins in a recession, if it survives a recession, it sort of battle-tests that it’s a viable enterprise. Then you’ve got the winds of restoration at your again.

And popping out of a recession, firms and customers re-evaluate their purchases and are far more open to new concepts and new distributors.

Talking of a recession, what do you assume Silicon Valley will appear to be on the opposite facet of this?

What you’ve got in a bull market, like what we’ve had within the final 13 years, is that the market responded positively to progress and that so long as you would improve your high line at a gradual clip, the market, mainly modeling Netflix and Amazon, mentioned we preferred this and stored bidding the worth of the corporate up.

Now a few issues occurred: When firms like Uber look as if it’s laborious to think about them ever being worthwhile on a sustainable enterprise — even with progress, they usually have grown, it’s nonetheless so removed from profitability — the market doesn’t like that.

Twitter has really misplaced extra money in its historical past than it’s made. And due to rising rates of interest, the price of finance — firms which can be dropping cash or not worthwhile but — goes up as a result of it’s important to borrow cash at a lot greater charges. As well as, the income you had been anticipating sooner or later get discounted again at a a lot greater price. In some progress firms, it prices extra to finance what in the end shall be money flows which can be nugatory. Their fairness worth right here and now will get completely hammered.

What do you advise these firms to do?

There’s no magic wand. It’s reduce prices. They’re going to have to chop prices and, in some instances, undertake a enterprise mannequin such that they will get to greater costs and dramatically decrease prices. And, fairly frankly, persuade {the marketplace} that they will get to profitability sooner, as a result of the prices to finance that runway to profitability bought a lot better. So they should present the quantity of distance, the runway wanted to get to profitability, is shorter. They mainly should commerce off progress for a shorter path to profitability. That’s what the market is telling them.

In your e book, you check out how throughout each financial upturn, there’s this optimism that we’re going to unravel inequality. However we all the time appear to return up brief. Why?

We mistake prosperity for progress. And we now have created large, staggering, unprecedented prosperity. I feel the error or the parable that we purchase into — that at any time when there’s prosperity economically, the G.D.P. grows, that it’s going to translate to progress for a nation.

What will we imply by progress? I feel the ballast — and it’s my first chapter within the e book — is a wholesome and thriving center class. The geopolitical energy of a nation, its well-being, its democratic energy, is normally a perform of how affluent its center class is.

Now the problem in America — and Europe makes it to a lesser extent — is that America has both believed this fable that the center class is a natural-occurring object of a free-market economic system, and it isn’t. The center class is an accident. It’s an aberration of economics.

There’s a relentless notion that if the economic system does nicely, the center class will restore itself. That isn’t true. What occurs over time in all financial historical past is that the rich weaponize authorities, decrease taxes on them, resist competitors — the largest, strongest firms entrench themselves, and you find yourself with an erosion of the center class. You find yourself with earnings inequality. It will get worse and worse, after which the identical factor occurs with earnings inequality. The excellent news is earnings inequality, when it will get to those ranges, all the time self-corrects. The dangerous information is that the mechanisms for self-correction are conflict, famine and revolution.

Except you present and spend money on a powerful center class, whether or not or not it’s the minimal wage or help of unions or vocational coaching or entry to free schooling or reduced-cost schooling, the center class, as an entity, goes away. Now we have fallen into this notion that so long as the economic system does nicely, the center class will do nicely. The 2 usually are not essentially linked.

You had been early in warning about an excessive amount of pandemic-era stimulus having a foul affect on the economic system. What ought to we now have carried out in a different way?

We spent, at a minimal, $7 trillion — however it was nothing however cloud cowl the place we threw some loaves of bread at and circuses to the poor in order that we might massively stimulate the economic system. Nearly all of the cash ended up out there, and who owns 90 p.c of shares in actual property by greenback quantity? The highest 1 p.c. The P.P.P., the bailout of small companies, was nothing however a giveaway to the wealthy. The richest cohort in America are, await it, the small-business homeowners. The millionaire subsequent door owns a carwash.

That is the soiled secret of Covid. For those who’re within the high 10 p.c, you’re dwelling your greatest life. Covid for you meant extra time with household, extra time with Netflix — and also you noticed your inventory speed up.

While you flush $7 trillion into the economic system and then you definately couple that with a conflict and provide chain eruptions, it appears apparent now: Now we have too many {dollars} chasing too few merchandise. And naturally the people who find themselves going to be harm most by inflation are the individuals who don’t have cushions. We completely overdid it.

You’ve been a longtime skeptic on crypto, and now we’re seeing an actual crash. What do you assume goes to occur subsequent?

What we discovered is that this entire mantra of a trustless economic system, we shouldn’t have trusted many of those new actors.

Even in ’99, there have been lots of use instances of the web — you would purchase CDs and books on Amazon. You might get real-time information on Yahoo. It’s tougher to seek out use instances from the blockchain that affect on a regular basis customers. I feel you’re simply seeing a large unwinding or de-levering of the area — and I feel we’re sort of within the midst of a crash that shall be probably unprecedented when it comes to an asset class.

For those who take a look at the bubble — in the event you evaluate it to earlier bubbles, whether or not it’s tulips, web shares of ’99, housing, Japanese shares — the run-up right here was extra extraordinary. The run-up right here makes the opposite ones look sheepish or modest, which implies that the crash shall be equally or extra violent.

There’s going to be extra lawsuits. There’s going to be extra calls for added laws. You’re going to see traders say: The place had been the regulators?

That’s the dangerous information. The excellent news is it in all probability received’t have a lot of an affect on the true economic system. Consider, even when all crypto went to zero proper now, that’s nonetheless lower than half the worth of Apple.

What do you assume? Do you agree with Mr. Galloway’s predictions? Tell us: dealbook@nytimes.com.