Business
Musk Is Already Shaking Up Twitter
Musk vs. the corporate he’s shopping for
Elon Musk doesn’t personal Twitter but, however he’s already making his presence felt there. Musk took purpose at Twitter staff and others this week in a spherical of tweets that raised new considerations in regards to the firm’s future below his freewheeling method to content material moderation. (He additionally mentioned — with tongue presumably in cheek — that he would purchase Coca-Cola subsequent, “to put the cocaine back in.”)
Musk criticized a longtime Twitter government who has formed its content material insurance policies. He tweeted {that a} previous moderation determination by Vijaya Gadde, Twitter’s prime lawyer and security skilled, was “clearly extremely inappropriate.” He later posted a meme mocking Gadde. Virtually instantly, some folks started tweeting abusive, racist and sexist assaults at her.
“Let’s make Twitter most enjoyable!” Musk additionally tweeted. However the firm’s present and former leaders didn’t seem to share that sentiment. Right here is how a few of them reacted to his criticisms:
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“Bullying isn’t management,” tweeted Dick Costolo, who was Twitter’s C.E.O. from 2010 to 2015. He additionally responded to the meme Musk posted, writing: “what’s happening? You’re making an government on the firm you simply purchased the goal of harassment and threats.”
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Twitter’s C.E.O., Parag Agrawal, offered a muted defense of his employees. He tweeted that he was “proud” of employees who had been working to enhance Twitter “regardless of the noise.” In non-public, Twitter staff grumbled that he wasn’t outspoken sufficient in defending them.
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Jack Dorsey was silent. He stepped down as Twitter’s C.E.O. final 12 months however stays a member of the board.
Might Musk again out of the deal? Some buyers are nonetheless betting on it, with Twitter’s inventory buying and selling beneath Musk’s supply worth, signaling skepticism in regards to the deal. And Tesla’s inventory has fallen by round a fifth since Musk first revealed his stake in Twitter, reflecting worries {that a} distracted C.E.O. might be unhealthy for the electrical carmaker, in addition to considerations about his use of Tesla shares as collateral for financial institution loans. Musk’s free-speech insurance policies may additionally trigger bother with European regulators and Chinese language censors. And there are questions in regards to the monetary viability of the deal: Twitter would tackle some $13 billion in debt as a part of Musk’s buyout, versus about $5 billion on its stability sheet now, and its earnings are modest relative to that a lot larger curiosity invoice. (The corporate stories its first-quarter earnings later this morning.)
Musk is caught with one other Twitter-related problem. Even when he owns Twitter, his use of will probably be constrained by a 2018 settlement with the S.E.C. Yesterday, a federal choose in New York denied Musk’s request to finish the settlement, which requires him to run his social media posts about Tesla by an organization lawyer and bars him from discussing the S.E.C. case. Musk has mentioned that he accepted the settlement solely as a result of the litigation would have put an excessive amount of monetary strain on Tesla. He has additionally argued that the settlement impeded his free speech rights and was being utilized by the S.E.C. to harass him. “Not one of the arguments maintain water,” the courtroom concluded.
HERE’S WHAT’S HAPPENING
First quarter G.D.P. knowledge may present that the U.S. financial restoration is on observe. Shopper spending and enterprise funding are anticipated to indicate stable beneficial properties, regardless that Wall Road forecasters anticipate that the G.D.P., adjusted for inflation, hardly grew. The report can be printed at 8:30 a.m. Japanese — comply with The New York Instances’s dwell briefing for updates.
A few of Europe’s largest power firms pays for Russian fuel in rubles. Critics say their willingness to go together with the Kremlin’s phrases will undercut E.U. sanctions and prop up the Russian economic system with billions in money.
From Opinion: Elon Musk’s Twitter
Commentary by Instances Opinion writers and columnists on the billionaire’s $44 billion deal to purchase Twitter.
Meta stories a 21 % drop in income. It was the corporate’s second consecutive quarterly decline, the primary time that has occurred in over a decade. However buyers had been heartened by higher-than-expected consumer progress, pushing its refill sharply after hours. Amazon and Apple earnings can be launched immediately.
Boeing says an Air Drive One deal is predicted to value it greater than $1 billion. Dave Calhoun, the C.E.O., mentioned the corporate confronted “a really distinctive set of dangers that Boeing in all probability shouldn’t have taken” throughout the negotiations with President Donald Trump over two new planes.
A Deutsche Financial institution whistle-blower is discovered lifeless. The physique of Val Broeksmit, 46, was discovered at a highschool in L.A. this week, and the police mentioned they don’t suspect foul play. Broeksmit, the son of a Deutsche Financial institution government, handed over confidential financial institution paperwork to authorities officers after his father’s suicide.
Fraud costs for Invoice Hwang of Archegos
Invoice Hwang, whose $10 billion funding agency Archegos collapsed final 12 months, roiling markets and costing banks billions, was arrested yesterday. Federal prosecutors in Manhattan mentioned Hwang had engaged in a fraud that was “historic in scope,” they usually charged him and his prime lieutenant with racketeering conspiracy, securities fraud and wire fraud. It is without doubt one of the highest-profile Wall Road prosecutions in years.
Hwang’s losses had been almost certainly the results of a combination of unhealthy conduct and lax rules. His derivatives buying and selling technique vastly inflated his agency’s hidden positions and gave it outsize energy to maneuver inventory costs. A lot of it was authorized, so long as the intent of these trades was to not do one thing unlawful, like manipulate the market. Lawrence Lustberg, a lawyer for Hwang, informed The Instances that his consumer was “totally harmless of any wrongdoing.” But it surely’s clear that the poorly drawn traces of what’s allowed and tolerated on Wall Road enabled Hwang and others to learn for years on the expense of different buyers — and the market as an entire.
The collapse has put a highlight on so-called household workplaces. Household workplaces like Archegos can commerce like hedge funds however keep away from a lot of the oversight of these funds. In December, the S.E.C. proposed new disclosure necessities for holders of return swaps, the sorts of derivatives that Hwang used to inflate his fund’s positions and probably transfer markets.
Massive banks lent Hwang billions to commerce regardless of apparent crimson flags. Earlier than his present authorized troubles, Hwang paid $44 million to settle a 2012 cost of insider buying and selling introduced by the S.E.C. So whereas plenty of massive banks, together with Credit score Suisse, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, had been probably deceived by Hwang in regards to the dimension of his general bets, they had been greater than keen to work with an investor who had beforehand been charged by the S.E.C. — which additionally introduced a case towards Hwang yesterday tied to the most recent costs.
“I believe a union was actually form of my solely choice to make this a viable alternative for myself and different folks.”
— Tyler Mulholland, who helped lead the marketing campaign to unionize a Manhattan retailer of the outside gear retailer REI. Mulholland, 32, is certainly one of many younger college-educated employees with nonprofessional jobs serving to to propel their workplaces to unionize.
How Elon Musk Purchased Twitter
A blockbuster deal. Elon Musk, the world’s wealthiest man, capped what appeared an inconceivable try by the famously mercurial billionaire to purchase Twitter for roughly $44 billion. Right here’s how the deal unfolded:
Russian billionaire pledges $100 million for Ukrainians
This morning, a basis began by the Russian-born tech billionaire Yuri Milner and his spouse, Julia Milner, will announce a pledge of $100 million towards humanitarian assist for refugees from Ukraine. The trouble, Tech for Refugees, can even be supported by the nonprofit arms of Airbnb and the logistics firm Flexport.
The nine-figure donation is a robust rebuke of Russia’s struggle. Final month, the Milners’ Breakthrough Prize Basis, which awards cash to scientists and is the supply of the $100 million donation, launched an announcement condemning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as did DST World, his funding agency. “We’ve been devastated by the heartbreaking struggling of the Ukrainian folks,” the Milners say in immediately’s announcement. “We imagine that this initiative, in partnership with a number of the world’s most artistic expertise firms and organizations, can present sensible help for folks dwelling in turmoil exterior their homeland.”
The donation is notable for its dimension, but in addition for its supply. Milner made most of his fortune by funding U.S. tech start-ups, together with early investments in Fb and Twitter, and has made a mansion in Los Altos Hills, Calif., his main residence for over a decade. His early funding funds had been linked to the Kremlin, however he has sought to distance himself from Russia and says he stopped taking cash from Russian buyers a few years in the past. He appeared on a rundown of Russian oligarchs that the U.S. Treasury launched in 2018, however he doesn’t seem on any sanctions lists now.
THE SPEED READ
Offers
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An funding platform backed by James Murdoch and a former Disney government has raised $1.8 billion to construct a streaming large in India. (Hollywood Reporter)
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The non-public fairness agency Apollo World Administration plans to make a joint bid for the British pharmacy chain Boots. (Reuters)
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Comcast and Constitution Communications are teaming as much as rival Roku and Amazon with streaming units. (NYT)
Russia-Ukraine Conflict
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A brand new research by Microsoft means that a lot of Russia’s cyberattacks on Ukraine have been timed to coincide with missile strikes. (NYT)
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“Ukraine Turns into a Wake-Up Name in Faraway Japan” (Bloomberg Opinion)
Coverage
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The U.S. and greater than 55 different nations pledged to bolster democracy by agreeing to not shut down web entry or illegally spy on residents. (NYT)
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A congressional report raises new questions on a pandemic reduction mortgage given to a troubled trucking firm with shut ties to Trump. (NYT)
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The Oklahoma Senate handed a invoice that will ban the state from getting into contracts with firms which have restrictive gun insurance policies. (Bloomberg)
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Half of Apple’s greatest suppliers function in and round Shanghai, the place Covid lockdowns are disrupting enterprise. (FT)
Better of the remaining
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“Boeing Regarded for Flaws in Its Dreamliner and Couldn’t Cease Discovering Them” (WSJ)
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PayPal is closing its San Francisco workplace, giving staff the choice to work just about or from its San Jose, Calif., headquarters. (TechCrunch)
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The ESPN anchor Sage Steele sued the community, claiming the corporate breached her contract and violated her free-speech rights. (WSJ)
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Glitchy and underwhelming: A Instances reporter evaluations Trump’s Fact Social app. (NYT)
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A French hit on Netflix, “Name My Agent!” adjustments its language and streaming service. (NYT)
We’d like your suggestions! Please electronic mail ideas and recommendations to dealbook@nytimes.com.
Business
Scott Bessent, Trump’s Billionaire Treasury Pick, Will Shed Assets to Avoid Conflicts
Scott Bessent, the billionaire hedge fund manager whom President-elect Donald J. Trump picked to be his Treasury secretary, plans to divest from dozens of funds, trusts and investments in preparation to become the nation’s top economic policymaker.
Those plans were released on Saturday along with the publication of an ethics agreement and financial disclosures that Mr. Bessent submitted ahead of his Senate confirmation hearing next Thursday.
The documents show the extent of the wealth of Mr. Bessent, whose assets and investments appear to be worth in excess of $700 million. Mr. Bessent was formerly the top investor for the billionaire liberal philanthropist George Soros and has been a major Republican donor and adviser to Mr. Trump.
If confirmed as Treasury secretary, Mr. Bessent, 62, will steer Mr. Trump’s economic agenda of cutting taxes, rolling back regulations and imposing tariffs as he seeks to renegotiate trade deals. He will also play a central role in the Trump administration’s expected embrace of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.
Although Mr. Trump won the election by appealing to working-class voters who have been dogged by high prices, he has turned to wealthy Wall Street investors such as Mr. Bessent and Howard Lutnick, a billionaire banker whom he tapped to be commerce secretary, to lead his economic team. Linda McMahon, another billionaire, has been picked as education secretary, and Elon Musk, the world’s richest man, is leading an unofficial agency known as the Department of Government Efficiency.
In a letter to the Treasury Department’s ethics office, Mr. Bessent outlined the steps he would take to “avoid any actual or apparent conflict of interest in the event that I am confirmed for the position of secretary of the Department of Treasury.”
Mr. Bessent said he would shutter Key Square Capital Management, the investment firm that he founded, and resign from his Bessent-Freeman Family Foundation and from Rockefeller University, where he has been chairman of the investment committee.
The financial disclosure form, which provides ranges for the value of his assets, reveals that Mr. Bessent owns as much as $25 million of farmland in North Dakota, which earns an income from soybean and corn production. He also owns a property in the Bahamas that is worth as much as $25 million. Last November, Mr. Bessent put his historic pink mansion in Charleston, S.C., on the market for $22.5 million.
Mr. Bessent is selling several investments that could pose potential conflicts of interest including a Bitcoin exchange-traded fund; an account that trades the renminbi, China’s currency; and his stake in All Seasons, a conservative publisher. He also has a margin loan, or line of credit, with Goldman Sachs of more than $50 million.
As an investor, Mr. Bessent has long wagered on the rising strength of the dollar and has betted against, or “shorted,” the renminbi, according to a person familiar with Mr. Bessent’s strategy who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss his portfolio. Mr. Bessent gained notoriety in the 1990s by betting against the British pound and earning his firm, Soros Fund Management, $1 billion. He also made a high-profile bet against the Japanese yen.
Mr. Bessent, who will be overseeing the U.S. Treasury market, holds over $100 million in Treasury bills.
Cabinet officials are required to divest certain holdings and investments to avoid the potential for conflicts of interest. Although this can be an onerous process, it has some potential tax benefits.
The tax code contains a provision that allows securities to be sold and the capital gains tax on such sales deferred if the full proceeds are used to buy Treasury securities and certain money-market funds. The tax continues to be deferred until the securities or money-market funds are sold.
Even while adhering to the ethics guidelines, questions about conflicts of interest can still emerge.
Mr. Trump’s Treasury secretary during his first term, Steven Mnuchin, divested from his Hollywood film production company after joining the administration. However, as he was negotiating a trade deal in 2018 with China — an important market for the U.S. film industry — ethics watchdogs raised questions about whether Mr. Mnuchin had conflicts because he had sold his interest in the company to his wife.
Mr. Bessent was chosen for the Treasury after an internal tussle among Mr. Trump’s aides over the job. Mr. Lutnick, Mr. Trump’s transition team co-chair and the chief executive of Cantor Fitzgerald, made a late pitch to secure the Treasury secretary role for himself before Mr. Trump picked him to be Commerce secretary.
During that fight, which spilled into view, critics of Mr. Bessent circulated documents disparaging his performance as a hedge fund manager.
Mr. Bessent’s most recent hedge fund, Key Square Capital, launched to much fanfare in 2016, garnering $4.5 billion in investor money, including $2 billion from Mr. Soros, but manages much less now. A fund he ran in the early 2000s had a similarly unremarkable performance.
Business
As wildfires rage, private firefighters join the fight for the fortunate few
When devastating wildfires erupted across Los Angeles County this week, David Torgerson’s team of firefighters went to work.
The thousands of city, county and state firefighters dispatched to battle the blazes went wherever they were needed. The crews from Torgerson’s Wildfire Defense Systems, however, set out for particular addresses. Armed with hoses, fire-blocking gel and their own water supply, the Montana-based outfit contracts with insurance companies to defend the homes of customers who buy policies that include their services.
It’s a win-win if the private firefighters succeed in saving a home, said Torgerson, the company’s founder and executive chairman. The homeowner keeps their home and the insurance company doesn’t have to make a hefty payout to rebuild.
“It makes good sense,” he said. “It’s always better if the homes and businesses don’t burn.”
Torgerson’s operation, which has been contracting with insurance companies since 2008 and employs hundreds of firefighters, engineers and other staff, highlights a lesser-known component of fighting wildfires in the U.S. Along with the more than 7,500 publicly funded firefighters and emergency personnel dispatched to the current conflagrations, which have burned more than 30,000 acres and destroyed more than 9,000 structures, a smaller force of for-hire professionals is on the fire lines for insurance companies, wealthy individual property owners or government agencies in need of additional hands.
Their presence isn’t without controversy. Private firefighters hired by homeowners directly have drawn criticism for heightening class divides during disasters. This week, a Pacific Palisades homeowner received backlash for putting a call out on X, the social media site formerly named Twitter, for help finding private firefighters who could save his home.
“Does anyone have access to private firefighters to protect our home in Pacific Palisades? Need to act fast here. All neighbors houses burning,” he wrote in the since-deleted post. “Will pay any amount.”
“The epitome of nerve and tone deaf!” someone replied.
In 2018, Kim Kardashian and Kanye West credited private firefighters for saving their $60-million home in the Santa Monica mountains during a wildfire. But those who serve wealthy clients make up only a small fraction of nonpublic firefighters, according to Torgerson.
“Contract firefighters who are hired by the government are the vast majority,” he said. The federal government has been hiring private firefighters since the 1980s to support its own forces. According to the National Wildfire Suppression Assn., there are about 250 private sector fire response companies under federal contract, adding about 10,000 firefighters to U.S. efforts.
Some private firefighting companies, including Wildfire Defense Systems, are known as Qualified Insurance Resources and are paid by insurance companies to protect the homes of their customers. Wildfire Defense Systems refers to its on-the-ground forces as private sector wildfire personnel.
Wildfire Defense Systems only works with the insurance industry, but other privately held firefighting companies contract with industrial clients such as petrochemical facilities and utility providers. Wildfire Defense Systems declined to disclose company revenue or what it charges for its services.
Allied Disaster Defense, a company that has sent personnel to the fires in Los Angeles, offers services to both property owners and insurance companies. Its website says its services will “enhance the insurability of properties” and “contribute to reduced claims.”
The website also has a page dedicated to services for private clients, which include emergency response and assistance with insurance claims for “high net-worth and celebrity” customers. The company does not list prices for its services and has nondisclosure agreements with its private clients.
Several other private firefighting companies are based in California, including Mt. Adams Wildfire, which contracts with government agencies, and UrbnTek, which serves Los Angeles, Orange County and San Diego among other areas. Along with spraying fire retardant on trees and brush to stop an advancing fire, the company offers “a double layer of protection by wrapping a structure with our fire blanket system.”
Torgerson, a civil engineer with 34 years in emergency services, said he has been struck by the speed of the current wildfires. While typically it takes two to 10 minutes for a fire to sweep through a home, he said, the Palisades fire is traveling at higher speeds.
“It’s moving so fast, it’ll likely take one to two minutes for these fires to pass over the properties,” he said.
He said his company responded to all 62 of the wildfires that threatened structures in California in 2024 and didn’t lose a property.
Business
As Delta Reports Profits, Airlines Are Optimistic About 2025
This year just got started, but it is already shaping up nicely for U.S. airlines.
After several setbacks, the industry ended 2024 in a fairly strong position because of healthy demand for tickets and the ability of several airlines to control costs and raise fares, experts said. Barring any big problems, airlines — especially the largest ones — should enjoy a great year, analysts said.
“I think it’s going to be pretty blue skies,” said Tom Fitzgerald, an airline industry analyst for the investment bank TD Cowen.
In recent weeks, many major airlines upgraded forecasts for the all-important last three months of the year. And on Friday, Delta Air Lines said it collected more than $15.5 billion in revenue in the fourth quarter of 2024, a record.
“As we move into 2025, we expect strong demand for travel to continue,” Delta’s chief executive, Ed Bastian, said in a statement. That put the airline on track to “deliver the best financial year in Delta’s 100-year history,” he said.
The airline also beat analysts’ profit estimates and said it expected earnings per share, a measure of profitability, to rise more than 10 percent this year.
Delta’s upbeat report offers a preview of what are expected to be similarly rosy updates from other carriers that will report earnings in the next few weeks. That should come as welcome news to an industry that has been stifled by various challenges even as demand for travel has rocketed back after the pandemic.
“For the last five years, it’s felt like every bird in the sky was a black swan,” said Ravi Shanker, an analyst focused on airlines at Morgan Stanley. “But it appears that this industry does have its ducks in a row.”
That is, of course, if everything goes according to plan, which it rarely does. Geopolitics, terrorist attacks, air safety problems and, perhaps most important, an economic downturn could tank demand for travel. Rising costs, particularly for jet fuel, could erode profits. Or the industry could face problems like a supply chain disruption that limits availability of new planes or makes it harder to repair older ones.
Early last year, a panel blew off a Boeing 737 Max during an Alaska Airlines flight, resurfacing concerns about the safety of the manufacturer’s planes, which are used on most flights operated by U.S. airlines, according to Cirium, an aviation data firm.
The incident forced Boeing to slow production and delay deliveries of jets. That disrupted the plans of some airlines that had hoped to carry more passengers. And there was little airlines could do to adjust because the world’s largest jet manufacturer, Airbus, didn’t have the capacity to pick up the slack — both it and Boeing have long order backlogs. In addition, some Airbus planes were afflicted by an engine problem that has forced carriers to pull the jets out of service for inspections.
There was other tumult, too. Spirit Airlines filed for bankruptcy. A brief technology outage wreaked havoc on many airlines, disrupting travel and resulting in thousands of canceled flights in the heart of the busy summer season. And during the summer, smaller airlines flooded popular domestic routes with seats, squeezing profits during what is normally the most lucrative time of year.
But the industry’s financial position started improving when airlines reduced the number of flights and seats. While that was bad for travelers, it lifted fares and profits for airlines.
“You’re in a demand-over-supply imbalance, which gives the industry pricing power,” said Andrew Didora, an analyst at the Bank of America.
At the same time, airlines have been trying to improve their businesses. American Airlines overhauled a sales strategy that had frustrated corporate customers, helping it win back some travelers. Southwest Airlines made changes aimed at lowering costs and increasing profits after a push by the hedge fund Elliott Management. And JetBlue Airways unveiled a strategy with similar aims, after a less contentious battle with the investor Carl C. Icahn.
Those improvements and industry trends, along with the stabilization of fuel, labor and other costs, have created the conditions for what could be a banner 2025. “All of this is the best setup we’ve had in decades,” Mr. Shanker said.
That won’t materialize right away, though. Travel demand tends to be subdued in the winter. But business trips pick up somewhat, driven by events like this week’s Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.
The positive outlook for 2025 is probably strongest for the largest U.S. airlines — Delta, United and American. All three are well positioned to take advantage of buoyant trends, including steadily rebounding business travel and customers who are eager to spend more on better seats and international flights.
But some smaller airlines may do well, too. JetBlue, Alaska Airlines and others have been adding more premium seats, which should help lift profits.
While he is optimistic overall, Mr. Shanker acknowledged that the industry was vulnerable to a host of potential problems.
“I mean, this time last year you were talking about doors falling off planes,” he said. “So who knows what might happen.”
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