Business
Commentary: Why an AI firm known for fighting plagiarism has real authors in a fury
The online service Grammarly originated in 2009 as a suite of tools to help ferret out plagiarism in schoolwork or help students hone their grammar and spelling. Eventually it incorporated artificial intelligence bots as sources of its writing assistance.
In August 2025, however, the firm stepped way over the line of what is — or should be — permissible as an AI-generated service.
This was its “expert review” service, available to those willing to fork over up to $30 a month. The pitch was that subscribers could get their writing samples reviewed by established writers, including some household names as Stephen King and Neil DeGrasse Tyson, and receive feedback from them about how to improve their prose.
This is an area I cover and there have been a lot of lows. But I still feel like this is a new low.
— Julia Angwin, technology journalist and plaintiff in a lawsuit against Grammarly
A few problems have surfaced about this.
First, it appears that many, if not all, the cited “experts” haven’t granted Grammarly permission to use their names or work in connection with this service. Second, none of them actually reviewed the submitted writing samples — the samples were screened by AI bots, which generated the suggestions based on the authors’ published works.
Third, Grammarly didn’t make the truth clear to its users — the suggestions seemed on first impression to come directly from the cited “experts”; it was only when a user clicked through for more detail that Grammarly disclosed that its suggestions were “inspired” by the experts’ published works.
Last week, Grammarly suspended the “expert review” function. That happened the same day that Julia Angwin, a veteran technology and investigative journalist who has worked at the Wall Street Journal and Propublica, filed a federal class-action lawsuit alleging that Grammarly had in effect stolen the real authors’ identities and attributed to them advice that the authors might disagree with, or that might even undermine the authors’ reputations for sound writing.
This isn’t the first time that someone has tried to use AI as a shortcut, with parlous consequences. Over the last couple of years, AI-generated material has appeared in legal briefs and medical diagnoses. Not a few news organizations have been caught publishing AI-generated articles without adequately disclosing that they weren’t written by humans.
Often, the shortcuts have been exposed because the AI bot outputs were riddled with errors — citations to nonexistent legal precedents, proposed medical treatments that were actually life-threatening, factual mistakes that even novice human journalists would know to avoid.
“Expert review” appeared at a time when many authors and artists are taking AI companies to court for allegedly violating copyright law by “training” their bots on published work without acknowledgment or payment.
Numerous lawsuits are making their way through the courts, although the judiciary hasn’t settled on a single conclusion about where the line stands distinguishing “fair use” from copyright infringement.
Yet one doesn’t need an AI bot to explain why Grammarly’s stunt has to rank among the sleaziest misuses of AI technology yet to appear.
San Francisco-based Grammarly didn’t make things any better with a mea culpa posted on LinkedIn by its chief executive, Shishir Mehrotra. Grammarly’s AI agent, he wrote, “was designed to help users discover influential perspectives and scholarship relevant to their work, while also providing meaningful ways for experts to build deeper relationships with their fans.”
In other words, he asserted that “expert review” was designed as a boon not only for Grammarly’s users, but for the experts whose names and works had been exploited for the firm’s profit and without their say-so. He stated that Grammarly will “reimagine” its service to give the experts “real control over how they want to be represented — or not represented at all.”
In an email, Mehrotra responded to my request for comments by acknowledging that “we believe this feature missed the mark on what both experts and users expect out of us.” He added, however, that Grammarly considers the claims in Angwin’s lawsuit to be “without merit and will strongly defend against them.”
Grammarly hasn’t been shy about pushing AI-powered services to users. In November, it changed its corporate name to Superhuman, reflecting what it called its “mission … to unlock the superhuman potential in everyone.”
By then, “expert review” already had been launched. From the outset, the company was a little vague about what the service actually entailed. According to the web page originally posted to pitch the service (the page has since been removed but survives in a web archive), users could improve their writing by “drawing on insights from subject-matter experts and trusted publications.”
Users were instructed to upload their document to the system. The bot then “cross-referenced your writing with relevant experts” and offered “specific … expert-informed feedback.” Users could then choose from a list of a few such experts, each offering a couple of lines of feedback.
Buried in the pitch were subtle disclaimers.
Grammarly slipped a warning onto its web page noting that its feedback was merely “inspired by real experts” and a further notification that its references to “experts” were “for informational purposes only and do not indicate any affiliation with Grammarly or endorsement by those individuals.”
The roster of experts was impressive indeed. They included novelist King, astrophysicist Tyson and numerous book and magazine writers of varied eminence. I couldn’t reach King, and Tyson didn’t respond to my request for comment, but some other writers have made their reactions known via other routes.
The tech journalist Kara Swisher, for instance, answered a query from a fellow journalist by labeling the Grammarly folks “rapacious information and identity thieves.”
It might have become obvious to some users that the likelihood was remote that their work was being personally vetted by the cited experts. I might have asked the respected grammarian William Strunk Jr., author of that indispensable primer “The Elements of Style,” what he thought about having been offered up by Grammarly as an expert writing coach, except that he died in 1946. Other deceased writers also have appeared on the roster, such as astronomer Carl Sagan (d. 1996).
“Expert review” coasted under the radar for months, until a few tech journalists caught its scent. The first may have been Miles Klee of Wired, whose report appeared on March 3. Within days, similar reports appeared on The Verge and Defector.
It was a post by Casey Newton of Platformer, which listed several of Grammarly’s “experts,” that alerted Angwin that the company was exploiting her name and work. “They were attempting to take my livelihood and automate it,” she told me. “They were literally selling a service that claims that Julia Angwin will edit your piece. Obviously, that’s a direct threat to me and my ability to earn a living.”
Moreover, Angwin says, the edits that Grammarly proposed under her name to a user were “terrible — so they weren’t just stealing my livelihood but ruining my reputation.”
In its initial response to the burgeoning controversy, Grammarly offered to allow writers to opt out of “expert review” by sending the company an email. The problem there is that the “experts” have no way of knowing that there’s anything to opt out from, since Grammarly hasn’t published a comprehensive roster.
As the author of eight books and years of newspaper columns, I was interested to know if my own name or works were offered. Grammarly told me only that its “data on experts was sourced from third-party LLMs [that is, AI bots]. … Experts were surfaced based on their expertise with the topic.” It added that it “won’t be providing additional comment at this time.”
The extent of Superhuman’s legal exposure for this program is hard to gauge. Angwin’s lawsuit, which seeks to empower a class of authors whose names were used by the company without their consent, cites California and New York laws barring the use of anyone’s name or likeness for commercial purposes without their consent.
As for how many people have been affected, Angwin’s attorney, Peter Romer-Friedman, told me that obtaining the full roster would be his first task under discovery if the case heads to trial. (Superhuman hasn’t yet responded to the lawsuit in court.) But he says more than 100 writers have reached out to say they want to be part of the case since it was filed, and speculates that the total number could be in the thousands.
“This is an area I cover,” Angwin says, “and there have been a lot of lows. But I still feel like this is a new low.”
Business
Disney’s Dana Walden sets leadership team; Bergman remains film studios chief
Walt Disney Co.’s incoming president and chief creative officer, Dana Walden, has unveiled her leadership team, which includes several familiar faces from the company’s film, television and marketing units.
Walden will become Disney’s first female president on Wednesday. She will report to Josh D’Amaro, who will succeed Bob Iger as Disney’s chief executive, after the company’s annual meeting with shareholders and its high-profile leadership handoff.
Walden’s senior team includes her longtime creative partner, Alan Bergman. As chairman of Disney Entertainment, Studios, Bergman will continue to oversee Disney’s film studios, including production, marketing and distribution.
Bergman also will retain oversight of Disney’s streaming programming in concert with Walden.
Disney executives Joe Earley and Adam Smith were named co-presidents of Disney Entertainment’s direct-to-consumer offerings, Disney+ and Hulu. Both executives will be responsible for strategy and financial performance and report to Walden and Bergman.
Earley and Walden worked together when they were Fox executives; Earley will also serve as head of content strategy.
Smith continues in his role as Disney Entertainment chief product and technology officer. He also will continue to collaborate with ESPN Chairman Jimmy Pitaro on matters related to ESPN and ESPN+.
Debra OConnell will step into a newly formed role as chairman of Disney Entertainment Television.
She will have a broad TV portfolio that includes ABC Entertainment, Disney-branded cable channels, Hulu Originals as well as programming from National Geographic, 20th Television and 20th Television Animation.
OConnell will continue to oversee ABC News and the ABC-owned television stations, including KABC-TV Channel 7 in Los Angeles.
In a separate memo late Monday, OConnell introduced her team, including Craig Erwich, who now will oversee 20th Television and 20th Television Animation in addition to ABC Entertainment and Hulu Originals.
Several executives report to OConnnell, including Ayo Davis of Disney Branded Television; Courteney Monroe of National Geographic Content;
Almin Karamehmedovic of ABC News; Chad Matthews of ABC stations; ad executives Rita Ferro and Jimmy Zasowski (who also will report to Bergman and Pitaro); and Sean Cocchia, who overseas strategic scheduling and programming.
Disney’s incoming president, Dana Walden, has established her senior leadership team.
(Richard Shotwell / Invision/AP)
Sean Shoptaw, who serves as executive vice president for games and digital entertainment, and his organization will shift from Disney Experiences and into Walden’s division.
Shoptaw oversees Disney’s games business and its collaboration with Epic Games to develop a Disney universe connected to Fortnite.
John Landgraf remains chairman of FX and will continue to report directly to Walden.
Asad Ayaz, who is chief marketing and brand officer, has an influential remit across Disney’s various business segments. He will report to D’Amaro and Walden.
“The strength of Disney has always been the emotional connection between our stories and the people who love them,” Walden said in a statement. “As fans engage with Disney across more formats and platforms than ever before, we are bringing together the full power of our creative businesses to build an even more connected experience for audiences.”
Business
Downtown L.A. wants San Francisco’s pop-up secret to get shoppers back
As much of downtown L.A. continues to feel dark and deserted, local businesses want the city to steal San Francisco’s secret for firing up foot traffic.
The tech mecca has slowly begun to emerge from one of the country’s deepest declines in downtown retail, in part through a program that peppered the city with subsidized pop-up shops.
The Vacant to Vibrant program turned abandoned spaces into bakeries, bookstores, cafes, chocolateries, galleries and other things.
Local entrepreneurs were given grants and support from the city and charities, as well as months of free rent to set up shop. The idea is to leverage empty storefronts to build buzz and entice more shoppers to city sidewalks.
While San Francisco is still far from its pre-pandemic peaks, backers say the program has brightened struggling retail areas.
“We’re creating a window on what downtown could look like,” said Simon Bertrang, executive director of SF New Deal, the nonprofit behind Vacant to Vibrant. The hollowing-out created by COVID-19 could be an opportunity to turn downtown San Francisco into a “mixed-use neighborhood with a lot of small businesses and maybe more residential,” he said.
While San Francisco is still far from its pre-pandemic peaks, backers of Vacant to Vibrant say the program has brightened struggling retail areas.
(Justin Sullivan / Getty Images)
Both L.A. and S.F. have grappled with keeping stores and restaurants in their business districts since the pandemic emptied office buildings. While most employees are working from the office again, a significant number are still working from home, and many aren’t coming in every weekday. The diminished presence of workers continues to make it hard on the lunch spots, bars and shops that rely on them to survive.
Though it is difficult to compare how businesses are doing in each downtown, there are some indicators that San Francisco has been growing more in the last year.
Reservation platform OpenTable said online reservations in the Northern Californian city shot up more than 20% compared with most months last year. Reservation growth in L.A. was capped below 10% for most of the same period.
Downtowns across the country need to find solutions, experts warn, as dark storefronts can lead to a downward spiral, with companies hesitant to lease office space in vacant areas.
Looking down Broadway from its intersection with 7th Street in downtown in Los Angeles.
Retailers are already opting out of downtown L.A. due to its slow recovery from the pandemic shutdown, said real estate broker Derrick Moore of CBRE, who helps arrange commercial property leases.
“A lot of operators are just electing to skip over downtown,” he said. “They’re leasing spaces elsewhere, where they feel they have a greater chance at higher sales.”
Brands have headed to more vibrant, nearby neighborhoods such as Echo Park and Silver Lake because of downtown’s weaker business.
Downtown Los Angeles residents, businesses and other city boosters want to try to prime the pump, using a program like San Francisco’s to help small businesses take over vacant storefronts and turn the lights back on, said Cassy Horton, co-founder of the Downtown Residents Assn.
A pedestrian walks past a building for lease on Broadway in downtown Los Angeles.
(Etienne Laurent / For The Times)
Surveys by the group have found that what residents love most about downtown is its walkability, restaurants, bars and coffee shops, she said.
“I love being able to live a lifestyle where I can run all of my core errands within a couple blocks,” Horton said. “I don’t have a car.”
Retail property vacancy downtown could be as high as 40%, Moore said, with some neighborhoods, such as the Historic Core, suffering more than others. Nike recently closed its store on Broadway.
A worker removes a banner on Broadway. Retailers are already opting out of downtown L.A. due to its slow recovery from the pandemic shutdown, a broker said.
(Etienne Laurent / For The Times)
“Downtown’s commercial vacancy crisis is visible on every block,” a recent report by the residents’ group said.
The report called for a “safe sidewalks” public safety campaign to work in tandem with a plan to bring back retail tenants.
In San Francisco, participating businesses can get their feet wet with a three-month pop-up to test the waters in a high-traffic location with low financial overhead and technical support from SF New Deal and the mayor’s office.
Businesses are offered grants to operate, help with lease negotiations, assistance with obtaining city permits, insurance, marketing support, business mentoring, and three to six months of free rent.
The intention is to transition many of the pop-ups into long-term leases, creating permanent fixtures in the downtown landscape. So far, more than 10 of the 40 small businesses that started as pop-ups have moved on to multiyear leases with their landlords.
A boarded-up storefront on Broadway. “Downtown’s commercial vacancy crisis is visible on every block,” a recent report by the Downtown Residents Assn. said.
(Etienne Laurent / For The Times)
Property owners with storefronts they need to fill receive funding to cover the cost of preparing the space for tenants and other property expenses, help with city permits and other support.
San Francisco launched the program in 2023 with $700,000 and contracted with SF New Deal, which focuses on supporting small businesses in the city.
The program is also supported by corporate philanthropy from Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, Visa, Gap and others.
Among the first stores to open through the program was Devil’s Teeth Baking Co., a popular bakery in the Outer Sunset neighborhood that established an outpost in the moribund Financial District and brought followers with it.
“Suddenly, there are lines out the door on the weekend” of people waiting for breakfast sandwiches, Bertrang said.
The bakery now has a long-term lease, as do other graduates of the program, including Mello flower shop, arts-and-crafts studio Craftivity and Whack Donuts.
A pedestrian walks past shuttered stores on Broadway in Los Angeles.
(Etienne Laurent / For The Times)
San Francisco’s business centers were particularly hard-hit by the pandemic as its technology companies quickly adapted to remote work and kept at it even as the crisis eased, triggering widespread office and retail vacancies.
“San Francisco had the worst return-to-work situation in the nation,” Bertrang said. “It was the most extreme version of what L.A., New York and other cities in our country are dealing with.”
Representatives of nearly 40 organizations in cities across the country have reached out to him for advice on how similar programs might work in their stricken neighborhoods.
Among them was downtown L.A. business advocacy group Central City Assn., which has called for L.A. to subsidize retailers’ rents to help fill vacant storefronts in key corridors. It is working with city officials, looking into a program like Vacant to Vibrant for Los Angeles.
Adding businesses to the streets while improving public safety would help halt the “downward spiral and turn it into more of a virtuous cycle,” said Nella McOsker, president of the association.
“San Francisco has demonstrated this larger ripple effect of success,” she said. “This is really, really doable in targeted pockets of downtown,” she said.
Nick Griffin of the business improvement district DTLA Alliance said activating storefronts is a worthy goal as long as the city first makes the streets both safe and pleasant for pedestrians.
The city needs to provide clean sidewalks, street lighting and graffiti removal before consumers and businesses return, he said.
“San Francisco was the poster child for the doom loop and has pivoted to downtown recovery,” he said. “ We are building that story right now.”
Business
Warner Bros. nabs 11 Oscars, tying the record for most wins for a single studio
Warner Bros. tied the record for most wins for a studio in a single night with 11 Academy Awards on Sunday, a milestone that comes as the company faces an uncertain future.
The studio won six Academy Awards for “One Battle After Another” and four awards for “Sinners.”
Notable among the accolades was Michael B. Jordan’s Academy Award for lead actor for his dual roles as twins in “Sinners,” “One Battle After Another’s” win for best picture and Amy Madigan’s win for supporting actress in “Weapons.”
The record of 11 is jointly held by MGM for 1959’s “Ben-Hur,” Paramount for 1997’s “Titanic” and New Line Cinema with “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King” in 2003, before it was absorbed into Warner Bros.
Netflix was second with seven wins. Walt Disney Co., Apple, Universal-owned Focus Features and Neon all won one each.
The awards come at a precarious time for Warner Bros., which is set to be acquired by Paramount Skydance in a mega $111-billion deal for its entire parent company, Warner Bros. Discovery.
The film and TV studios, HBO and HBO Max were originally set to be acquired by Netflix before the streaming company dropped its bid last month after an aggressive pursuit by Paramount.
To buy the company, Paramount is taking on $79 billion in debt, a massive amount that many in Hollywood expect will result in steep layoffs targeting overlapping functions and departments across the two companies.
Paramount executives have already identified $6 billion in cost cuts, though they have said the majority of that will come from “nonlabor sources.” The company also said it does not plan to reduce production capacity, with Paramount Chief Executive David Ellison vowing to produce 30 films a year — 15 from each studio.
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