During the pandemic, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission recorded a 48% spike in at-home exercise injuries. You might think that the culprit was bad equipment, but it was bad form. People had no coach around to correct it.  

Researchers at Drexel University and Michigan State University have built a prototype that addresses exactly that problem, in real time, using your phone camera, and there’s real potential for it to become a legitimate fitness app in future (via Tech Xplore).

What is the system called and how does it work?

The system, called BioCoach, was presented at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition in June 2026. It uses AI and live video (via a camera) to watch you exercise, analyze your body mechanics, and deliver specific, biomechanics-based corrections. 

To do this, the system processes video through two parallel streams: first uses a 3D convolutional neural network to capture your visual appearance and body movement patterns, while the second reconstructs your skeleton in three dimensions, analyzing your joint angles, range of motion, and the phase of the movement you’re in. 

Before offering you feedback, BioCoach identifies which joints are most involved in the exercise you’re performing. For instance, if you’re performing push ups, it will specifically monitor your shoulders, elbows, and wrists, offering personalized corrections. 

And I’m not talking about the generic “keep your back straight” comments that most fitness apps offer. The prototype goes above and beyond, offering anatomically precise guidance like “increase elbow flexion to 90 degrees at the bottom.” 

How did it perform against the competition?

The research team has trained BioCoach on Qualcomm’s Exercise Video Dataset, with over 200 re-annotated videos and over 2,400 new notes, to teach BioCoach to explain not just what to fix, but why it matters.

BioCoach has already been tested against similar programs from Nvidia, ByteDance, Alibaba, Salesforce, OpenAI, and MIT, among others. It outperformed Stream-VLM, which is a program from MIT and Nvidia, on text quality and judged correctness. It showed improvements in anatomy-specific feedback accuracy as well.

For now, the system is still a prototype, but the team is working on adding the ability to estimate joint reaction forces and muscle activation patterns, all from a video feed. 

The research was supported by the National Science Foundation, and this is why I strongly believe that BioCoach could be developed in a revolutionary smartphone app, which offers personalized corrective measures and encourages the right form and posture, preventing painful injuries and sustainable workout programs for people, which works both indoors and outdoors.

BioCoach is more advanced than most AI-based fitness coaches available

To give you some context, both Apple Fitness+ and Mirror offer video-based workout programs, but the feedback is pre-recorded and not dynamic like what BioCoach offers.

Peloton’s hardware offers a Movement-Tracking Camera that counts reps and flags issues, but it requires dedicated equipment like Bike+, Tread+, or Row+, and doesn’t explain the reasoning behind the form corrections and how they can benefit you.

Similarly, Google’s Health Coach and Samsung Health analyze biometric signals like heart rate and activity cadence to suggest certain improvements, but they can’t see you moving, and therefore, don’t provide any guidance for your form.

BioCoach, in contrast, is the first system to combine 3D skeletal reconstruction with a language model that explains the mechanical consequence of each correction. If it ever reaches your phone as a consumer app, which I truly hope it does, it could make genuinely expert coaching accessible to anyone with a camera.

It’s not the first exercise you’d think of for fitness or muscle tone. But playing table tennis, or ping pong, has a plethora of hidden health and fitness benefits – and the US actor Susan Sarandon is such a fan, she even co-founded a popular US chain of ping pong social clubs called ‘SPiN’.

Not only does table tennis tone arms, work up a sweat and improve overall fitness – it also boosts brain health, says Susan. Most importantly, it’s open to everyone. ‘Ping pong cuts across all body types and gender – everything, really – because little girls can beat big muscly guys,’ she says. ‘You don’t get hurt; it is not expensive; it is really good for your mind. It is one of the few sports that you can play until you die.’

New research published in the journal Nature backs this up: a team of researchers tracked a group of healthy adults aged 55-65, all beginners in the sport. Regular table tennis training for 12 weeks led to a significant improvement in physical fitness, improved reaction time, better hand-grip strength and reduced visceral fat. Not bad for a fun, low-cost hobby…

‘Table tennis offers moderate-intensity activity, which is good for your heart, along with lots of other benefits,’ says the British Heart Foundation. ‘Your arms, core and shoulders get a workout as you swipe for and direct the ball. In a fast-paced game, you’ll work your legs and ankles as you dash between the corners.’

Susan says she started playing ping pong because it was fun, but also because she wanted to encourage wider participation in the sport by making it more accessible. Over the years, she’s donated professional-grade ping pong tables to under-funded schools in New York City and regularly hosts high-profile, star-studded ping-pong tournaments and charity balls.

Inspired? Find a club near you by visiting tabletennisengland.co.uk.

A small study of university students in Spain found that better cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better cognitive processing speed and a smaller volume of the cingulate cortex of the brain. However, brain volume differences did not explain the links between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition. The paper was published in Physiology & Behavior.

Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of a person’s heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen-rich blood to muscles during sustained physical activity. A person with good cardiovascular fitness can walk fast, run, cycle, swim, or do other continuous activities for longer periods without becoming exhausted quickly. It is often called aerobic fitness because it depends heavily on oxygen-based energy production, and it is an important component of overall physical fitness.

A common scientific measure of cardiorespiratory fitness is VO₂ max, which estimates the maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during intense exercise. Cardiorespiratory fitness can be improved through regular aerobic activities such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, dancing, or rowing.

Better cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and early death. It can also improve everyday functioning, mood, sleep, and general energy levels. Low cardiorespiratory fitness means the body has more difficulty sustaining activity that requires a continuous oxygen supply.

Study author Neus Camins-Vila and her colleagues note that neuroimaging studies indicate that certain physical fitness components, primarily cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength, are associated with larger volumes in specific brain structures.

For example, among young adults, previous studies found that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with larger volumes in several regions of the brain. The researchers conducted a study examining the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, flexibility, and balance in relation to the volumes of specific brain regions and the participants’ overall neuropsychological profiles. They also sought to determine if sex differences moderated any of these relationships.

Study participants were 94 undergraduate and graduate university students from Barcelona, Spain, and its surroundings, recruited through social media and posters. To be included, participants were required to be between 18 and 25 years of age, to be sufficiently proficient in either Spanish or Catalan to follow instructions, and to have self-reported a regular level of physical activity over the past six months. There was also a list of medical conditions that would exclude prospective participants from the study.

After joining the study, participants first completed an online questionnaire covering demographics and medical history. This was followed by three face-to-face sessions involving a cognitive assessment, an evaluation of physical fitness, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain.

The cognitive assessment lasted 60 to 90 minutes. During this time, participants took a series of neuropsychological tests covering attention and cognitive processing speed (i.e., attention-speed), executive functioning, memory, and visuospatial function. The physical fitness assessment focused on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, flexibility, and balance.

Results showed that students with higher cardiorespiratory fitness tended to have better processing speed and a smaller volume in the cingulate cortex region of the brain. The researchers theorize that a smaller cingulate cortex in this age group may actually be a sign of advanced, healthy brain maturation rather than a negative outcome, as the brain naturally prunes connections to become more efficient during early adulthood.

When analyzing the data by sex, different patterns emerged. In men, flexibility (the ability of joints and muscles to move through their full range of motion without pain or excessive stiffness) was associated with higher processing speed. In contrast, higher flexibility was associated with lower processing speed in women. The researchers suggest that very high flexibility in women may be linked to joint hypermobility, a condition that can cause pain or fatigue, which could negatively impact cognitive test speeds.

In women, better visual memory was associated with higher strength, and better verbal memory was associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness. Furthermore, lower volume of the hippocampus region of the brain in women was associated with higher flexibility but worse balance.

“Different physical fitness components were associated with cognitive functions and brain volumes in young adults, and some associations—particularly those involving physical flexibility and attention/processing speed—varied by sex at birth. Brain volumes did not explain the observed fitness–cognition associations,” the study authors concluded.

The study contributes to the scientific understanding of the links between cognitive abilities and physical fitness. However, it should be noted that the study authors carried out a large number of statistical tests, but only a few of them returned statistically significant results. They did this without applying any correction for multiple comparisons—procedures routinely used in research studies to mitigate the risk that statistical tests might return statistically significant results purely due to chance. This means that many of the reported findings might simply be products of random variations in the data, rather than real systematic associations between the observed characteristics.

The paper, “Associations between fitness components and brain health in young adults: A cognitive and brain volume MRI study exploring sex differences. The YoungFit study,” was authored by Neus Camins-Vila, Adrià Bermudo-Gallaguet, Samira Rostami, Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo, Judit Escarré-Grifell, Blai Ferrer-Uris, Albert Busquets, Louis Bherer, and Maria Mataró.