Health
Do you need a magnesium supplement? Experts share symptoms of deficiency
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Magnesium is said to be a natural remedy for a variety of ailments — but is it really necessary to supplement, and if so, how much do you need?
Fox News Digital spoke to multiple health experts about the multipurpose mineral, which plays a role in over 300 of the body’s enzyme systems and helps with energy production, muscle and nerve function, and blood pressure regulation.
Magnesium may help lower the risk of certain diseases and could help to improve sleep, reduce stress and anxiety, and prevent nighttime muscle cramps, sources said.
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The nutrient “supports a stable heartbeat and prevents arrhythmias, works with calcium and vitamin D to keep bones strong, and aids insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism,” Dr. Heather Viola, a primary care physician with Mount Sinai Health System in New York City, told Fox News Digital.
Magnesium can also help with constipation relief, migraine prevention and PMS symptoms, according to Eleana Quattrocchi, a pharmacist and associate professor of pharmacy practice at Long Island University in Brooklyn, New York.
Fox News Digital spoke to multiple health experts about the mineral magnesium, which plays a role in over 300 of the body’s enzyme systems and helps with energy production, muscle and nerve function, and blood pressure regulation. (iStock)
Signs of magnesium deficiency
Many Americans do not get enough magnesium in their diet, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements.
“Habitually low intakes of magnesium induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness over time,” the NIH website states.
Studies have shown that up to 15% of people in the U.S. could experience magnesium deficiency.
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Lack of magnesium can raise the risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, migraine headaches and osteoporosis.
Potential symptoms include insomnia, muscle cramps, constipation, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, weakness, numbness, tingling, personality changes and heart arrhythmias, experts say.
Lack of magnesium can raise the risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, migraine headaches and osteoporosis, according to studies. (iStock)
In severe cases, hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) or hypokalemia (low potassium levels) might occur, according to the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements.
Blood tests can help detect low levels, but Viola cautioned that those tests “aren’t perfect” because most magnesium is inside cells, not in serum.
Studies have shown that up to 15% of people in the U.S. could experience magnesium deficiency.
Certain medical conditions, alcoholism, some medications and a diet lacking in the mineral may contribute to magnesium deficiency.
“People with gastrointestinal disease, such as Celiac disease or Crohn’s disease, or those who have had a gastric bypass may develop magnesium deficiency,” Sue-Ellen Anderson-Haynes, a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and a registered dietitian who owns 360Girls&Women in Massachusetts, told Fox News Digital.
How much magnesium do you need?
The recommended daily dietary intake of magnesium is 310 to 320 mg per day for adult women and 400 to 420 mg per day for adult men.
“The majority of magnesium is found in plants liked nuts, seeds and beans,” Anderson-Haynes told Fox News Digital. “For reference, 1 ounce (2 tablespoons) of pumpkin seeds provides 156 mg of magnesium and 1 ounce of chia seeds is 111 mg (26% DV) of magnesium.”
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Some specific sources of magnesium include peanut butter, bananas, avocado, nuts (almonds), black beans, leafy greens (like spinach and kale), whole grains, yogurt and dark chocolate.
While dietary sources are the best way to meet daily magnesium requirements, supplements are recommended in certain cases, health experts told Fox News Digital.
Magnesium may help lower the risk of certain diseases and could help to improve sleep, reduce stress and anxiety, and prevent nighttime muscle cramps, sources said. (iStock)
“A supplement should be taken when a known deficiency or a health condition is present with excessive magnesium losses, like alcoholism,” Samantha Dieras, a registered dietitian and director of ambulatory nutrition services at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, told Fox News Digital.
Physicians may recommend supplements for magnesium-deficient patients or for individuals who are taking certain medications, such as diuretics or Proton pump inhibitors that can deplete magnesium, Viola noted.
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It is possible to ingest too much supplementation.
“You can get too much magnesium, but mainly from supplements, not food,” Viola said. “It’s very safe from food, as kidneys eliminate the excess.”
Over-supplementing can cause diarrhea, nausea and lethargy, according to the expert.
Choosing a magnesium supplement
Magnesium supplements come in different forms for various purposes, which are absorbed in different ways.
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One of the most popular forms is magnesium citrate, which is typically taken orally to raise levels in the body and alleviate constipation, according to Healthline.
Magnesium chloride is another good choice for correcting deficiencies, and also alleviates heartburn and constipation.
Individuals should speak with their physician before starting magnesium supplements, as it may interfere with some medications and medical conditions. (iStock)
For those who can’t tolerate other forms, magnesium lactate and magnesium malate may be gentler on the digestive system, Healthline noted.
Magnesium taurate is known to have potential benefits for regulating high blood sugar and high blood pressure, while magnesium L-threonate could potentially help support brain health.
“You can get too much magnesium, but mainly from supplements, not food.”
“The magnesium salts used for a calming effect are glycinate and taurate,” Quattrocchi told Fox News Digital.
Magnesium glycinate has also been shown to improve sleep, reduce mental health issues and treat inflammatory conditions, according to Healthline.
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Individuals should speak with their physician before starting magnesium supplements, as it may interfere with some medications and medical conditions.
Health
Heart disease threat projected to climb sharply for key demographic
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A new report by the American Heart Association (AHA) included some troubling predictions for the future of women’s health.
The forecast, published in the journal Circulation on Wednesday, projected increases in various comorbidities in American females by 2050.
More than 59% of women were predicted to have high blood pressure, up from less than 49% currently.
The review also projected that more than 25% of women will have diabetes, compared to about 15% today, and more than 61% will have obesity, compared to 44% currently.
As a result of these risk factors, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and stroke is expected to rise to 14.4% from 10.7%.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and stroke in women is expected to rise to 14.4% from 10.7% by 2050. (iStock)
Not all trends were negative, as unhealthy cholesterol prevalence is expected to drop to about 22% from more than 42% today, the report stated.
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Dr. Elizabeth Klodas, a cardiologist and founder of Step One Foods in Minnesota, commented on these “jarring findings.”
“The fact that on our current trajectory, cardiometabolic disease is projected to explode in women within one generation should be a huge wake-up call,” she told Fox News Digital.
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“Hypertension, diabetes, obesity — these are all major risk factors for heart disease, and we are already seeing what those risks are driving. Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women, eclipsing all other causes of death, including breast cancer.”
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for women in the U.S. and around the world. (iStock)
Klodas warned that heart disease starts early, progresses “stealthily,” and can present “out of the blue in devastating ways.”
The AHA published another study on Thursday revealing one million hospitalizations, showing that heart attack deaths are climbing among adults below the age of 55.
The more alarming finding, according to Klodas, is that young women were found more likely to die after their first heart attack than men of the same age.
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“This is all especially tragic since heart disease is almost entirely preventable,” she said. “The earlier you start, the better.”
Children can show early evidence of plaque deposition in their arteries, which can be reversed through lifestyle changes if “undertaken early enough and aggressively enough,” according to the expert.
Moving more is one part of protecting a healthy heart, according to experts. (iStock)
Klodas suggested that rising heart conditions are associated with traditional risk factors, like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
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Doctors are also seeing higher rates of preeclampsia, or high blood pressure during pregnancy, as well as gestational diabetes. Klodas noted that these are sex-specific risk factors that don’t typically contribute to complications until after menopause.
The best way to protect a healthy heart is to “do the basics,” Klodas recommended, including the following lifestyle habits.
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Klodas especially emphasized making improvements to diet, as the food people eat affects “every single risk factor that the AHA’s report highlights.”
“High blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, excess weight – these are all conditions that are driven in part or in whole by food,” she said. “We eat multiple times every single day, which means what we eat has profound cumulative effects over time.”
“Even a small improvement in dietary intake, when maintained, can have a massive positive impact on health,” a doctor said. (iStock)
“Even a small improvement in dietary intake, when maintained, can have a massive positive impact on health.”
The doctor also recommends changing out a few snacks per day for healthier choices, which has been proven to “yield medication-level cholesterol reductions” in a month.
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“Keep up that small change and, over the course of a year, you could also lose 20 pounds and reduce your sodium intake enough to avoid blood pressure-lowering medications,” Klodas added.
“Women should not view the AHA report as inevitable. We have power over our health destinies. We just need to use it.”
Health
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Health
Common vision issue linked to type of lighting used in Americans’ homes
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Nearsightedness (myopia) is skyrocketing globally, with nearly half of the world’s population expected to be myopic by 2050, according to the World Health Organization.
Heavy use of smartphones and other devices is associated with an 80% higher risk of myopia when combined with excessive computer use, but a new study suggests that dim indoor lighting could also be a factor.
For years, scientists have been puzzled by the different ways myopia is triggered. In lab settings, it can be induced by blurring vision or using different lenses. Conversely, it can be slowed by something as simple as spending time outdoors, research suggests.
Nearsightedness occurs when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, according to the American Optometric Association (AOA). This physical elongation causes light to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it, making distant objects appear blurry.
The study suggests that myopia isn’t caused by the digital devices themselves, but by the low-light environments where they are typically used. (iStock)
Researchers at the State University of New York (SUNY) College of Optometry identified a potential specific trigger for this growth. When someone looks at a phone or a book up close, the pupil naturally constricts.
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“In bright outdoor light, the pupil constricts to protect the eye while still allowing ample light to reach the retina,” Urusha Maharjan, a SUNY Optometry doctoral student who conducted the study, said in a press release.
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“When people focus on close objects indoors, such as phones, tablets or books, the pupil can also constrict — not because of brightness, but to sharpen the image,” she went on. “In dim lighting, this combination may significantly reduce retinal illumination.”
High-intensity natural light prevents myopia because it provides enough retinal stimulation to override the “stop growing” signal, even when pupils are constricted. (iStock)
The hypothesis suggests that when the retina is deprived of light during extended close-up work, it sends a signal for the eye to grow.
In a dim environment, the narrowed pupil allows so little light through that the retinal activity isn’t strong enough to signal the eye to stop growing, the researchers found.
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In contrast, being outdoors provides light levels much brighter than indoors. This ensures that even when the pupil narrows to focus on a nearby object, the retina still receives a strong signal, maintaining healthy eye development.
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The team noted some limitations of the study, including the small subject group and the inability to directly measure internal lens changes, as the bright backgrounds used to mimic the outdoors made pupils too small for standard equipment.
Researchers believe that increasing indoor brightness during close-up work could be a simple, testable way to slow the global nearsightedness epidemic. (iStock)
“This is not a final answer,” Jose-Manuel Alonso, MD, PhD, SUNY distinguished professor and senior author of the study, said in the release.
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“But the study offers a testable hypothesis that reframes how visual habits, lighting and eye focusing interact.”
The study was published in the journal Cell Reports.
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