Health
‘The carnivore diet saved my life after decades of anorexia'
After suffering from a lifelong eating disorder that almost killed her, an Ohio woman says switching to a carnivore diet saved her life.
Valerie Smith, 54, struggled for decades with multiple physical and mental health conditions, including anorexia.
At one point, Smith, who is 5’9″, was down to 70 pounds and a BMI of 11. She was hospitalized and kept alive by feeding tubes several times, she told Fox News Digital.
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In 2017, after following a strict plant-based diet for most of her life, she slowly began transitioning to an animal-based ketogenic diet, which she credits for healing her mind and body.
At one point, Smith (pictured here), who is 5’9″, was down to 70 pounds and a BMI of 11. She says switching to a carnivore diet saved her life. (Valerie Smith)
Prior to switching to animal foods, Smith tried a myriad of other treatments for her anorexia and other disorders.
“I was actively in treatment for my entire life,” she said during an interview. “I was seen by hospitals and medical doctors. I had over a dozen psychiatrists. I was on a cocktail of different psychotic medications over the course of three or four decades.”
“I spent a lifetime under traditional treatment and never got better.”
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The hospitals recommended a plant-based diet “devoid of any animal protein,” Smith said. She stuck with their meal plans, but struggled to maintain a healthy weight and suffered digestive issues.
By the time Smith was 47, she was back down to 70 pounds, enduring fractures due to osteoporosis, and had undergone several surgeries for multiple organ prolapse. Her mental health was also at an all-time low.
“I was not going to survive another year,” she said. “I desperately needed to gain weight, but the mental illness was stopping me from gaining anything permanently.”
“I spent a lifetime under traditional treatment and never got better.”
“And I also knew that even if I weighed more, it was not going to help my brain, because I had experienced that many times in those decades.”
While doing research, Smith discovered some metabolic psychiatrists and learned about the benefits of the ketogenic diet.
“I learned that animal foods and animal fats are a priority in the brain,” she said.
Valerie Smith poses for photos after reaching a healthy weight on the ketogenic diet, following 35 years of not consuming any animal foods. (Valerie Smith)
“There are more than 100 neurotransmitters in our brain, and most of them rely on the amino acid profile that’s in complete animal proteins,” Smith went on. “Our brain is not going to function correctly if we don’t have the building blocks of animal products.”
After 35 years of not consuming any animal foods, she decided to experiment with adding them back into her diet.
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Smith started slowly, with just one bite of meat per day. Each week, she added another bite. It took her eight weeks to get up to eating 8 ounces of meat.
At the three-month mark, she began seeing improvements — not necessarily in her weight, but in her mental health.
“My depression and anxiety were lifting,” Smith said. “At that point, I had not gained any weight yet, so it was not weight gain that healed my brain — it was the ketogenic diet.”
As the months went on, Smith continued to look and feel healthier. After a year, she said, all anorexia symptoms were gone. (Fox News)
As the months went on, Smith continued to look and feel healthier. After a year, she said, all anorexia symptoms were gone.
“Even my body dysmorphia was gone — and I had no drive to starve whatsoever,” she said. “All the obsessive thoughts, the negative self-talk, the brain dysfunction — it was completely gone.”
“I was not fighting against myself anymore. It was effortless.”
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Today, Smith consumes between 2 and 3 pounds of meat each day — primarily red meat — as well as eggs. She also occasionally eats chicken, pork and wild-caught fish.
Since starting her animal foods diet, Smith has gained 50 pounds of muscle. In eight years, she said she has not experienced any of the health issues that have plagued her for decades.
“For me, this is about healing — and I feel that the ultimate healing for body and mind is with animal products in the diet.”
Doctor voices support
Dr. Georgia Ede, a Harvard-trained, board-certified psychiatrist specializing in nutritional and metabolic psychiatry, has often spoken about her support of the carnivore diet.
“In my clinical work, I have found well-formulated carnivore diets to be very helpful in stubborn cases of overeating disorders, such as binge-eating and food obsession,” she told Fox News Digital.
Since starting her animal foods diet, Smith has gained 50 pounds of muscle. In eight years, she said she has not experienced any of the health issues that plagued her for decades. (Valerie Smith)
“Some patients have reported relief from ‘food noise’ and a welcome sense of satiety, often for the first time in years.”
Research has suggested that carnivore diets may be “exceptionally useful” in treating the severe malnourishment of anorexia, Ede said.
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“Meat contains all the nutrients we need, in their most bioavailable forms, and without the antinutrients and defensive toxins naturally found in plant foods,” she went on.
“Medically supervised clinical trials are needed to help us understand better the potential risks and benefits of carnivore diets in the management of anorexia.”
Research has suggested that carnivore diets may be “exceptionally useful” in treating the severe malnourishment of anorexia, one doctor said. (Valerie Smith)
Nick Norwitz, a Harvard medical student and researcher, recently completed a case study on three people who overcame eating disorders using the ketogenic diet.
He also recently released a video in which he debunked eight myths surrounding the carnivore diet. (See the video at the top of this article, and more videos at https://www.youtube.com/@nicknorwitzPhD.)
There is no “one size fits all” dietary solution, Norwitz said, adding that “context and nuance are essential.”
“However, I do feel the carnivore diet is misunderstood, and that red meat and animal-based foods often get unfairly scapegoated and thrown under the ‘big food bus,’” he told Fox News Digital.
Experts call for caution, more research
Margot Rittenhouse, a licensed professional clinical counselor with Alsana in California, said it is “absolutely critical” that any diets or modalities used to treat eating disorders are backed by “extensive and consistent research.”
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“While some research indicates that a ketogenic carnivore diet may be beneficial in treating anorexia nervosa, there is not a preponderance of evidentiary proof to indicate that this could currently be used as a viable treatment option,” she told Fox News Digital.
“There is little to no evidence to support that one can receive all the vitamins and nutrients required to sustain the body through a ketogenic diet,” which aims to eliminate most or all plant-based foods and carbohydrates, according to Rittenhouse.
Experts agree that those suffering from disordered eating should not attempt to treat the condition without professional help. (iStock)
Tanya Freirich, a registered dietitian nutritionist in Charlotte, North Carolina, who practices as The Lupus Dietitian, said she does not recommend the carnivore diet as a means of treating disordered eating.
“Nuts, seeds, legumes, grains, fruits and vegetables are an important part of a balanced diet and provide a multitude of important nutrients,” Freirich told Fox News Digital. “For optimal health, you also need the wide variety of vitamins and minerals found in other food groups, as well as fiber and carbohydrates.”
“Dieting in general, but especially with such a restrictive diet as the carnivore diet, is a factor that increases the risk of developing disordered eating,” she added.
Rittenhouse also cautioned against adopting any type of restrictive diet, which has been shown to create “harmful relationships to food.”
“Some patients have reported relief from ‘food noise’ and a welcome sense of satiety, often for the first time in years.” (iStock)
“Eating only animal proteins is not a complete diet by any means, as one would be consuming nearly exclusively saturated fats and protein,” she said in an interview with Fox News Digital.
Experts agree that those suffering from disordered eating should not attempt to treat the condition without professional help.
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Rittenhouse recommends seeking support from a multi-disciplinary team that includes an eating disorder-informed dietitian, therapist, psychiatrist and doctor.
“These mental illnesses are complex, bio-psychosocial disorders and cannot be treated by only one provider or discipline alone,” she said.
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The New York State Department of Health has announced the highest number of flu hospitalizations recorded in a single week.
The state confirmed the uptick in hospital visits in a press release on Jan. 2, as flu cases continue to rise in the region and nationwide.
New York State, including New York City, has consistently tracked the highest numbers of recorded respiratory illness cases in the country for the last few weeks, according to CDC data. Several other states have climbed to the “very high” category for respiratory activity as well, as of the week ending Dec. 27.
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The most recent data from the New York health department showed a total of 4,546 hospitalizations from Dec. 26, 2025, to Jan. 2, 2026 – a week-over-week increase of nearly 1,000. The prior week, the department announced the highest number of flu cases ever recorded in a single seven-day period.
The New York State Department of Health reported a total of 4,546 hospitalizations from Dec. 26, 2025, to Jan. 2, 2026. (iStock)
In a statement, New York’s Acting Commissioner of Health Dr. James McDonald noted the severity of this flu season compared to previous years.
“Almost 1,000 more people were admitted to a hospital during this most recent seven-day period compared to the prior week,” he confirmed. “There is still time to get a flu shot, and remember, flu can be treated with antiviral medication if started within 48 hours of symptom onset [as] your doctor deems appropriate.”
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Health officials are pushing for Americans to consider getting the flu vaccine, as experts consider it to be a top line of defense for preventing viral exposure and spread.
Flu symptoms can include fever, chills, headache, fatigue, cough, sore throat and runny nose. (iStock)
In a previous interview with Fox News Digital, Dr. Neil Maniar, professor of public health practice at Boston’s Northeastern University, emphasized that it’s not too late to get the flu vaccine, as peak season typically occurs in January.
“The vaccine still provides protection against serious illness resulting from the subclade K variant that seems to be going around,” he said.
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Even healthy individuals can become seriously ill from the flu, Maniar noted, “so a vaccine is beneficial for almost everyone.”
“Individuals typically start to develop some degree of protection within a few days and gain the full benefit within about two weeks, so now is the time for anyone who hasn’t gotten the vaccine yet.”
“The vaccine still provides protection against serious illness resulting from the subclade K variant that seems to be going around,” one doctor said. (iStock)
Flu symptoms can include fever, chills, headache, fatigue, cough, sore throat and runny nose.
A mutation of influenza A H3N2, called subclade K, has been detected as the culprit in rising global cases, causing more intense symptoms and higher risk of spread.
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“It’s becoming evident that this is a pretty severe variant of the flu,” Maniar said. “Certainly, in other parts of the world where this variant has been prevalent, it’s caused some severe illness, and we’re seeing an aggressive flu season already.”
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New York State recommends taking preventive actions to avoid flu infection. These include washing hands often; avoiding touching the eyes, nose and mouth; avoiding close contact with sick people; cleaning and disinfecting objects and surfaces; and staying home when feeling sick.
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When someone gets a cancer diagnosis, the initial reaction is usually to undergo treatment as quickly as possible — but for some types of disease, doctors may recommend a more conservative approach.
For certain cancers, immediate or aggressive treatment can cause more harm than good, according to multiple medical experts.
For example, treating slow-growing tumors with surgery, radiation or chemotherapy could create significant side effects without a survival benefit.
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“The fact that so many cancers will never kill you is not a justification for not knowing, because there is still plenty of room for ‘watchful waiting,’ as well as interventions that may improve quality of life even if they don’t extend life,” Dr. Marc Siegel, Fox News senior medical analyst, told Fox News Digital.
This is especially true as targeted cancer treatments emerge, which are more personalized and less likely to cause severe side effects, according to the doctor.
For precancerous, very early-stage breast conditions, careful monitoring may be more prudent than immediate surgery, research shows. (iStock)
“The fact that cancers are occurring earlier is a justification for heightened screenings, not the opposite,” Siegel added. “Information is power — what you do with that information is based on clinical judgment and the art of medicine.”
Below are some types of cancer that may not warrant treatment, according to research and doctors’ guidance.
No. 1: Prostate cancer (low-risk)
While some types of prostate cancer should be treated right away, others are better addressed by “watchful waiting,” according to Sanoj Punnen, M.D., a urologic oncologist with Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, part of the University of Miami Health System.
“With respect to prostate cancer, for most low-risk cancers (Gleason 6 or grade group 1), we recommend initial observation and surveillance rather than immediate treatment,” he told Fox News Digital.
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The Gleason score is a grading system that ranks prostate cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they are, with 6 being the lowest grade and 10 being the highest grade (barely resembling normal cells).
“For high-grade tumors like Gleason 8, 9 or 10, we believe they progress quickly, so we recommend treatment to prevent the risk of metastasis,” said Punnen, who is also vice chair of research and a professor with the Desai Sethi Urology Institute at UHealth. “For low-risk tumors, we think they pose little risk, so we recommend just observation.”
“The fact that cancers are occurring earlier is a justification for heightened screenings, not the opposite.”
“But in the end, we can’t be sure, so our approach to observation includes serial monitoring of cancer status with PSA, MRI and occasional biopsy to ensure the tumor isn’t progressing.”
No. 2: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Also known as stage 0 breast cancer, DCIS is a non-invasive disease marked by abnormal cells in the lining of the breast milk ducts. The “in situ” is Latin for “in the original place,” which indicates that the cancer has not spread outside the milk ducts.
For this precancerous, very early-stage breast condition, careful monitoring may be more prudent than immediate surgery, research shows.
While some types of prostate cancer should be treated right away, others are better addressed by “watchful waiting,” according to a urologic oncologist. (iStock)
A 2024 study by the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that active monitoring for DCIS resulted in similar quality of life, mental health and symptom progression over a two-year period compared to a standard surgical approach.
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“These results suggest that in the short term, active monitoring is a reasonable approach to management of low-risk DCIS,” the lead researcher said in a press release. “If longer-term follow-up supports the safety of active management from a cancer outcome standpoint, this approach could be considered as an option for women with this condition.”
“But it is also critical that we understand how women feel when they are living with this ‘watch and wait’ approach and how it impacts their overall quality of life.”
Other research has suggested that women with low-risk DCIS did not have a higher rate of invasive cancer after two years of active monitoring, although each patient should discuss their individual risk level with an oncologist.
No. 3: Indolent (slow-growing) lymphomas
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, which includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow and other tissues.
Indolent lymphomas are those that “grow and spread slowly,” according to the American Cancer Society.
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The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends watchful waiting for asymptomatic, slow-growing follicular lymphoma, as a means of avoiding the toxicity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy until it’s absolutely necessary.
The Lymphoma Research Foundation confirms that doctors recommend “active surveillance” for some patients with slow-growing lymphoma.
Indolent lymphomas are those that “grow and spread slowly,” according to the American Cancer Society. (iStock)
“This approach may be started after the initial diagnosis or after relapse, depending on the situation,” the foundation states on its website. “Active treatment is started if the patient begins to develop lymphoma-related symptoms or if there are signs that the disease is progressing.”
Treatment should be started right away for aggressive (fast-growing) lymphomas.
No. 4: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
One of the most common adult leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) originates in white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the bone marrow and then spreads to the bloodstream, according to the American Cancer Society.
CLL tends to grow slowly, with many patients experiencing no symptoms for years. Eventually, the cancer calls can spread to the lymph nodes, liver and spleen.
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Some studies have shown that early treatment for CLL does not improve survival rates compared to observation, and that the benefits may not outweigh the risks.
In a 2023 study presented at the European Hematology Association 2023 Congress in Frankfurt, Germany, researchers found that early treatment did not prolong overall survival compared to a placebo in patients with early, asymptomatic CLL.
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“I believe it’s fair to conclude that ‘watch-and-wait’ should remain the standard of care in the era of targeted drugs,” said researcher Petra Langerbeins, M.D., when presenting the findings.
No. 5: Low-grade endometrial cancer
For most patients with endometrial cancer, surgery is the first treatment, which entails removing the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, according to the American Cancer Society.
However, in certain patients with low-grade cancer, such as older people, those with “frailty” and people with major health issues, doctors may recommend deferring surgery, which can pose a high risk.
The American Thyroid Association’s guidelines officially recommend active surveillance for very low-risk microcarcinomas. (iStock)
In cases where the patient has medical comorbidities or wants to preserve fertility, hormone treatment may be used instead of surgery, per the ACS.
“It’s usually also considered for cancer that is lower-grade, low-volume and slow-growing,” the above source stated.
No. 6: Some early kidney cancers
In cases of kidney cancer with small tumors (≤3 cm) or benign lesions, doctors may recommend monitoring them instead of undergoing surgery for removal.
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The American Urological Association confirms that active surveillance is an option for some small renal masses (localized tumors).
“I believe it’s fair to conclude that ‘watch-and-wait’ should remain the standard of care in the era of targeted drugs.”
Deferred treatment is particularly recommended for older patients or those with “significant comorbidities,” research shows.
“Shared decision-making about active surveillance should consider risks of intervention/competing mortality versus potential oncologic benefits of intervention,” the UAU states in its guidance.
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Data from the Delayed Intervention and Surveillance for Small Renal Masses (DISSRM) Registry showed that patients with active surveillance had a 99% or greater cancer-specific survival rate — virtually the same as patients who received immediate treatment.
No. 7: Small papillary thyroid cancers
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common type of thyroid cancer, may not warrant treatment for small tumors measuring 1 centimeter (10 mm) or less, which are called microcarcinomas.
A young multiracial female is undergoing a diagnostic medical imaging procedure in a state-of-the-art hospital setting with CT simulator. The image illustrates the use of cutting-edge technology for healthcare and treatment in a modern medical environment. The portrayal highlights precision, care, and the sophistication of contemporary medical practices. (iStock)
Research found that when using active surveillance for 10 to 20 years, less than 10% experienced significant growth, only 5% developed lymph node spread and there were no thyroid-cancer deaths.
The American Thyroid Association’s guidelines officially recommend active surveillance for very low-risk microcarcinomas.
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While many patients with low-risk tumors can safely delay treatment, this does not apply to all cancers or all patients.
As cancer behavior and personal health factors vary widely, patients should consult their doctor to determine the most appropriate course of care based on their individual risk level.
Welcome to the Brain Health Challenge! I’m Dana Smith, a reporter at The New York Times, and I’ll be your guide.
To live a healthy life, it’s crucial to have a healthy brain. In the short term, it keeps you sharp and firing on all cylinders. In the long term, it can reduce your risk of cognitive decline, dementia and stroke.
Practicing basic healthy behaviors, like eating nutritious food and getting regular exercise, is the best way to enhance your brain power and protect the longevity of your neurons. These types of lifestyle habits can benefit the brain at any age. And while they won’t guarantee that you’ll never develop dementia or another brain disease, several clinical trials have shown that they can improve cognition or slow decline.
Every day this week, you’ll do an activity that’s good for your brain, and we’ll dig into the science behind why it works. Some of these activities can provide a small immediate cognitive benefit, but the bigger reward comes from engaging in them consistently over time. So along with the neuroscience lessons, we’ll include a few tips to help you turn these actions into lasting habits.
To keep you accountable, we’re encouraging you to complete this challenge with a friend. If you don’t have a challenge buddy, no problem: We’re also turning the comments section into one big support group.
There are so many fascinating ways your daily behaviors affect your brain. Take sleep, for example.
Lots of studies have shown that getting a good night’s rest (seven to eight hours) is associated with better memory and other cognitive abilities. That’s because sleep, especially REM sleep, is when your brain transfers short-term memories — things you learned or experienced during the day — into long-term storage.
Sleep is also when your brain does its daily housekeeping. While you rest, the brain’s glymphatic system kicks into high gear, clearing out abnormal proteins and other molecular garbage, including the protein amyloid, which is a major contributor to Alzheimer’s disease. A buildup of amyloid is one reason experts think that people who routinely get less sleep have a higher risk of dementia.
What other behaviors play a big role in brain health? For today’s activity, we’re going to test your knowledge with a quiz. Share your score with your accountability partner and in the comments below — I’ll be in there too, cheering you on.
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