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Using the ‘Magic’ of LiDAR to Map Maine’s Old-Growth Forests – Inside Climate News

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Using the ‘Magic’ of LiDAR to Map Maine’s Old-Growth Forests – Inside Climate News


From our collaborating partner Living on Earth, public radio’s environmental news magazine, an interview by Jenni Doering with John Hagan, president of Our Climate Common.

In the remote northern half of Maine, forests dominate the landscape.

While few people live in what’s known as “unorganized territory,” timber companies control vast swaths of land there and frequently harvest trees for housing, furniture, paper and more.

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But technology is revealing hidden gems in this part of the state.

The nonprofit Our Climate Common has recently begun using light detection and ranging, or LiDAR, to find patches of biodiverse old-growth forest.

Dr. John Hagan is president of Our Climate Common and holds a Ph.D. in ecology. This interview has been edited for length and clarity. 

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JENNI DOERING: Give us a sense of what the forests in Maine are like for someone who’s never been to the state. What kind of natural landscapes would they encounter there?

JOHN HAGAN: It’s dominated by Northern hardwoods and boreal spruce fir forest, and it’s enormous. It’s like 10 million acres; nobody’s there but forest. It’s a really remarkable part of the landscape that in New England we don’t really appreciate. 

DOERING: In this vast wilderness, your organization, Our Climate Common, is using a technology called LiDAR to map these forests. How does this technology work, and what exactly are you trying to illustrate or discover with these maps? 

HAGAN: We are using light detection and ranging, or LiDAR, to try to find the old-growth forest in the 10 million acres. It’s like looking for a needle in a haystack. It turns out that LiDAR is kind of like a CAT scan of the forest. If you shoot LiDAR at the forest from an airplane, it gives you a three-dimensional signature of the forest. If you know art history, it’s kind of like pointillism. It’s just a massive three-dimensional point cloud of the forest. And it turns out, that can tell us exactly where the old forest is. About 4 percent of that 10 million acres is old-growth forest. So not very much percentage wise, but that’s about 400,000 acres that you didn’t know you had, and you don’t want to lose.

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DOERING: How do you identify old growth using these maps? How do you know that what you’re looking at is a patch of old-growth trees?

John Hagan is president of the nonprofit Our Climate Common.
John Hagan is president of the nonprofit Our Climate Common.

HAGAN: We do the fun part, which is go out on the ground across this 10 million acres, and we go into forests—they’re called stands—and we score them based on our ecological knowledge. And then we come back into the lab and say, computer, what did you see? This is what we saw. What did you see? Then we train the computer to find the stuff that we found on the ground. 

We can’t cover 10 million acres on foot. I would love to, but we can’t. So the LiDAR does that for us, and it’s incredibly accurate—more than 90 percent accurate. Before using LiDAR to map it, we didn’t know where it was. You had to stumble upon it, the old forest, to find it or to know about it. Now we’ve got a map. 

The older stands are blue magenta. Everything that’s younger is yellows or oranges or light greens. You can color it any way you want, but it’s kind of like a neon sign. It’s like, “Light up this old-growth forest on the map.” I’m supposed to be a scientist, but to me, LiDAR and what it shows you about the forest just seems like magic. 

DOERING: Why is it important to know where these late stage old-growth forests, or I think they’re called LSOG, are? Why are they so crucial to protect?

HAGAN: It’s not surprising that a lot of plant and animal species evolved in an older forest landscape. They evolved to depend on big, dead wood. So when you don’t have big trees and big, dead wood, you start to lose some of the species that evolve to depend on that. And so if we don’t keep some old forest, we will lose that element of biodiversity. And old forests like LSOG have enormous stocks of carbon; the stores are around five to 10 times what an average forest would hold in current stocks. So if you lose it, you lose a lot of carbon per acre. 

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A 40-year old stand is growing fast, so often it will be sequestering carbon much faster than an old stand, but it’s got a long, long way to go to get to the stocks of an old forest.

DOERING: The New England Forestry Foundation recently received $4.3 million from the U.S. Forest Service, and your maps of Maine’s old-growth forests are playing a big role in how they plan to use that grant. How are they making use of the data that you’ve collected?

HAGAN: Most of the remaining LSOG forest is on commercial timberland, private commercial timberlands, people who are in the business of making wood and paper and stuff like that. The challenge is, how do you compensate landowners to keep them because they’re just losing out financially to let them grow. 

To us, the value of the carbon in these old stands is worth as much and maybe a little more than the timber value. Then it just becomes an economic transaction. Look, I own this land. I would normally cut timber, but if the carbon is worth more, I’ll sell you the carbon and keep the stand. So if the New England Forestry Foundation has all this money to pay landowners, we could say, go here first. 

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DOERING: It gives you a place to start. These are the highest priority stands, so let’s protect that. 

HAGAN: That’s right. And it could be on public land and already protected. We don’t need to worry about that, but if it’s on commercial timberland, most likely it’s destined to be harvested in the next five to 10 years. So that’s why matching the financial opportunity with landowners could prevent loss of these older stands like, right now.

DOERING: Demand for wood for furniture, houses and other goods isn’t stopping anytime soon. So what about these younger forests that would still inevitably be cut down by these large timber companies? Wouldn’t they also eventually become old-growth, if left alone?

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HAGAN: If left alone, they would, but they’re not going to be left alone, because that’s not the goal of the landowners. But you make an important point that is a fault or a flaw of some forest offset projects like, well, you protected that stand and that stand and that stand, but they’re just going to cut another stand because we need a fixed amount of wood. It’s called “leakage” in the carbon offset marketplace, and it’s a problem. Things just move around like pieces on a chessboard, because wood is a globalized product. The atmosphere is a global entity. 

In our case, and what New England Forestry Foundation plans to do is have landowners and take the proceeds from paying for the old stands and invest in silviculture, forestry practices, on the other acres that would accelerate the growth of those stands so that we don’t leak, and we don’t just push the carbon off to some other place and it ends up in the atmosphere anyway. That’s why, in the end, we need to be growing more carbon per acre, and that’s the way forests can help with getting carbon out of the atmosphere. But it’s complex, and if you don’t cross all the Ts, you end up not making a difference.

DOERING: Why is it important to work across different groups, bringing different stakeholders like the timber industry and conservationists together, as opposed to just trying to dig your heels in and say, we’re not going to work with you?

HAGAN: My whole career, I’ve been working collaboratively with people like fishermen and foresters, and I find that they know stuff I do not know. And if I don’t know what they know, I can’t solve the problem that I’m trying to solve. You know, I got this idea, and they say, well, that’s just not going to work, John, the machine can’t get there. And so I didn’t know that. 

In the traditional way to do battle, you never really take the opportunity to respect the other person or understand what they know and value what they know. When you do, it just changes the whole problem-solving landscape, and it works. 

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In Maine, especially with this grant, we’ve got an opportunity to all sit down together and say, “What should this look like in the year 2100?” and say, OK, we can make it look like that. If we’re smart about it and we collaborate, we can do it differently this time, and this grant will help move us that way.

DOERING: Do you have a favorite spot in the forest, in one of these old-growth stands in Maine, and what’s it like there? 

HAGAN: In one of our stands that lit up in LiDAR, we went in and did measurements, we cored one tree. It doesn’t hurt the tree; it pulls out a core of the tree, and then you count the rings to see how old the tree is. This tree was 253 years old, and it was typical of these old stands we’re finding. And then I started thinking about Henry David Thoreau, who walked through Maine in 1850-something, he could have walked by this tree, literally. 

This is kind of silly, but he could have walked by this tree because it would have been 70 years old when he went through Maine. It was a seedling when the first shot was fired at Lexington for the Revolutionary War. When you know you’re standing beside a tree that old, that’s been around that long, it is intangible. It’s special. It’s just like, wow. It puts you in perspective.

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Maine

A Maine school hosted an anti-bullying dance team. Libs of TikTok called it ‘grooming’

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A Maine school hosted an anti-bullying dance team. Libs of TikTok called it ‘grooming’


More than 200 Fort Fairfield Middle High School students, staff and administrators filed into the school’s gym on April 8 for an anti-bullying assembly.

On stage, surrounded by neon tube lights, was the Icon Dance Team, a New York-based troupe that travels to schools around the U.S. dancing and singing to radio hits interspersed with messages about self-respect and standing up for others.

Parents were notified of the performance in advance, MSAD 20 Superintendent Melanie Blais said. No one contacted the district afterward to complain.

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But six days later, on April 14, the conservative influencer Libs of TikTok blasted a series of posts about the performance — and its lead dancer — to its millions of social media followers and accused the district of “openly grooming” its students.

“This is what schools are pushing on your children using our tax dollars,” one caption reads. “SHUT THEM DOWN.”

Commenters tagged the U.S. Department of Justice and called Maine a “demonic” state. Some encouraged violence against one of the dancers.

District officials insist the performance focused only on encouraging positive self-esteem and counteracting bullying. And despite the recent furor on social media, they say local people have shared no concerns.

“The content of the program included messages about standing up for oneself and others, reporting bullying to trusted adults, encouraging students to set goals and to include peers who may be left out,” Blais said.

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The issue concerned the group’s frontman, James Linehan, who is also a musician with the stage name J-Line. In his music career, Linehan bills himself as “your favorite gay pop star” and is currently on a tour called the “Dirty Pop Party,” where he performs alongside other LGBTQ artists.

Libs of TikTok, run by Chaya Raichik, a former Brooklyn real estate agent turned social media provocateur, pulled photos from Linehan’s music website, in which he is shirtless, and targeted his sexuality to argue that he was pushing sexually charged content on children.

The Icon Dance Team, which also goes by the names Echo Dance Team and Vital Dance Team, is a separate entity. The group, active since at least 2011, features Linehan and two backup dancers and has performed at more than 2,000 schools, according to its website.

Performances consist of 30 minutes of choreographed dancing and singing to songs about self-acceptance, followed by Linehan recounting how he was bullied in grade school and his journey to finding his life passions and respecting himself.

School officials reviewed the group’s website before scheduling the performance and found it aligned with the district’s anti-bullying goals, Blais said.

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“The group was chosen based on strong recommendations from several other school districts where similar performances had been presented in the past,” Blais said. “Those districts described the assemblies as positive and energetic and praised their messages about self-esteem and anti-bullying.”

Hours of the group’s school performances posted by other districts online and reviewed by the Bangor Daily News do not include suggestive dancing and Linehan does not mention his sexuality.

This is not the first time the dance team has faced criticism, nor the first time Libs of TikTok has taken aim at Maine.

In the past year, the account amplified a school board debate over the harassment of transgender students in North Berwick and the election of a Bangor city councilor with a criminal record. The account was among the right-wing influencers that successfully campaigned to doom a 2024 bill before the Maine legislature that surrounded gender-affirming care.

Icon’s performances at schools in Utah, Ohio, Texas and Tennessee have come under scrutiny from parents who referred to Linehan’s music career and posts on his social media accounts.

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A district in Missouri canceled two assemblies in 2023 after receiving complaints. Some of the criticism is linked to allegations that Linehan encouraged students at some performances to follow his Instagram, which is tied to his music career. Parents alleged it contained “inappropriate” content.

That Instagram page is now private. Blais said they raised the issue with the group ahead of the performance.

“That was not a part of the performance in any way and we clarified this with the company prior to their visit to our school,” she said.

Linehan did not respond to a request for comment.

Libs of TikTok has almost 7 million followers between X, Facebook, Instagram and Truth Social, the platform founded by President Donald Trump.

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Raichik, the account’s creator, has mingled with Trump and other right-wing politicians and activists at the White House and Mar-a-Lago, the president’s Florida residence. Her posts, which can receive hundreds of thousands to millions of views, have helped shape anti-LGBTQ discourse in conservative circles and have been promoted by the likes of podcaster Joe Rogan and Fox News.

The Southern Poverty Law Center labels Raichik as an extremist.

But despite the assembly generating national outrage last week, in Fort Fairfield, the community appears unshaken.

“We’ve not received a single call or email from local community members that I am aware of,” Blais said. “We initially received a handful of calls from individuals who were clearly not affiliated with the school district in any way, but they were not interested in hearing what actually took place.”



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Judy Camuso named new president of Maine Audubon

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Judy Camuso named new president of Maine Audubon


FALMOUTH, Maine (WABI) – The now former commissioner of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife has a new role.

Judy Camuso has been selected as the new president of Maine Audubon.

She will take over Andy Beahm’s position.

Beahm will be retiring next month.

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Camuso will become the first woman to lead the environmental organization.

She became the first woman to become commissioner of the MDIFW back in 2019, a position she held for seven years.

Copyright 2026 WABI. All rights reserved.



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A remote Maine town is ready to close its 5-student school

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A remote Maine town is ready to close its 5-student school


TOPSFIELD, Maine — Jenna Stoddard is not sure where her son will spend his days when he starts preschool next fall.

Sending him to East Range II School would be convenient and continue a legacy. Stoddard lives just down the street and her husband graduated eighth grade there in 2007, one in a class of three. Topsfield’s population has dropped since then. The school now has five students, two teachers, few extracurricular activities and nobody trained to teach music, art, gym or health.

Stoddard’s son is too young for her to worry about that now. But the school may not be open by the time he is ready to go. Topsfield, a town of just 175 residents, will vote on whether to close the school on April 30. If it closes, the boy would likely be sent to preschool up to 30 minutes away in Princeton or Baileyville.

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“That’s a pretty fair distance for a kid, a 4-year-old, who is now on a bus all by himself,” she said. “[If] school starts at [7:45 a.m.], what time is the bus picking 4-year-olds up here? And what time is he going to get home at?”

Topsfield is an extreme example of how an aging, shrinking population and rising property taxes are forcing Maine towns to make difficult choices about their community institutions. Just over a dozen people came to a Wednesday hearing on the idea of closing the school. The crowd was mostly in favor of it.

East Range has four classrooms, two of which are not used for regular instruction. Credit: Daniel O’Connor / BDN

“It is emotional to close the school in a town,” Superintendent Amanda Belanger of the sprawling Eastern Maine Area School System said then. “But we do feel it’s in the best interest of the students in the town.”

Teacher Paula Johnson walked a reporter through the building, which is small by Maine standards but cavernous for its five students. It has four classrooms, a small library, and a gymnasium. There is also a cook and a custodian for the tiny school.

A hallway trophy case serves as a reminder of when the school was big enough to field basketball teams. Topsfield’s student population has never been large, but the school’s population has dropped dramatically over the past few years. It had 25 students in 2023, with many coming from nearby Vanceboro, which closed its own school in 2015.

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As the student population dwindled, the cost of sending students to Topsfield climbed. With fewer students to defray the costs, Vanceboro officials realized they would be paying $23,000 per student by the last school year. So they opted to direct students to nearby Danforth, where tuition was only $11,000 per student.

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East Range lost seven students from Vanceboro, bringing its enrollment below 10. Under Maine law, that means the district may offer students the option to go elsewhere. Parents of the remaining students in grades 5 through 8 took the option and sent their kids to Baileyville. This school began the year with eight students; three have since pulled out.

In Topsfield, Johnson teaches four of the remaining five, holding lessons for pre-K through second grade in one classroom. Another one down the short hallway is home base for the other teacher. She focuses on the school’s lone fourth grader and occasionally teaches one of Johnson’s first graders, who is learning at an advanced level.

The other teacher, who holds a special education certificate despite having no students with those needs, plans to leave at the end of the school year. If the school stays open, that will leave Johnson responsible for educating Topsfield’s youngest students, though the school will need to budget for a part-time special education teacher just in case.

If the school stays open next year, it will need to replace its departing special education teacher, though it’s unclear if there will be any special education students. Credit: Daniel O’Connor / BDN

After 11 years at the school, Johnson is not sure what she will do if voters shut it down.

“We’ll see what happens here,” she said.

Topsfield’s school board, which operates as a part of the Eastern Maine Area School System, is offering its residents a choice: continue funding the school only for students between preschool and second grade at an estimated cost of $434,000 next year or send all students elsewhere, which would cost less than $200,000.

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At Wednesday’s hearing, the attendees leaned heavily toward the latter option. Deborah Mello said she moved from Rhode Island to Topsfield years ago to escape high taxes.

“It’s not feasible for the town of Topsfield,” she said. “We cannot afford it and it’s not like the children don’t have a school to go to.”

Others bemoaned the burden of legal requirements for the small district, including the need to provide special education teachers even if they don’t need one. Board members also mentioned that in 2028, the district will become responsible for educating 3-year-olds under a new state law. That adds another layer of uncertainty to future budgeting.

More than a dozen Topsfield residents showed up to a public hearing about the school’s future on Wednesday. Most favored shutting the school down. Credit: Daniel O’Connor / BDN

“It sounds like we’ve been burdened something severely by this program and that program by the Department of Education, to the point where a small school can’t even exist,” resident Alan Harriman said.

“And that’s been happening for a long time,” East Range board chair Peggy White responded.

Daniel O’Connor is a Report for America corps member who covers rural government as part of the partnership between the Bangor Daily News and The Maine Monitor, with additional support from BDN and Monitor readers.

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