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How wildfire smoke affects the body: Doctors warn of health hazards

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How wildfire smoke affects the body: Doctors warn of health hazards

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The Los Angeles wildfires have caused devastating losses of homes and lives — and survivors may also face hidden, although still potentially very dangerous, health effects.

Wildfire smoke contains a “complex mixture” of fine particles that can pose hazards after just short-term exposure, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

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Known as PM2.5, or particulate matter, these microscopic particles and droplets are 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter.

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“Your nose and mouth are entry points into your body,” Dr. Gustavo Ferrer, a Florida pulmonologist with extensive experience in respiratory health and air quality-related illnesses, told Fox News Digital.

“The smoke you are breathing gets caught inside your sinuses, and if you’re exposed a lot, some of that will start to irritate the lining and lead to inflammation,” a doctor warned. (AP Photo/Noah Berger) (AP Newsroom)

“The smoke you are breathing gets caught inside your sinuses, and if you’re exposed a lot, some of that will start to irritate the lining and lead to inflammation,” he warned.

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“These are signs that the pollution may be overwhelming the body’s natural defenses.”

Austin Perlmutter, MD, a board-certified internal medicine physician in Seattle, noted that exposure to wildfire smoke can penetrate through the lung tissue and enter the bloodstream.

Specific health effects

People exposed to air pollution can have a number of different symptoms, including burning eyes, sore throat, cough, sinus problems, fatigue, headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath and brain fog, according to Perlmutter.

Prolonged exposure to wildfire smoke can also aggravate existing conditions such as asthma, bronchitis and other chronic respiratory diseases, Ferrer noted.

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“The smoke can also worsen pre-existing respiratory conditions, like asthma or emphysema,” noted Dr. Marc Siegel, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Health and Fox News senior medical analyst. 

“Also, not having enough oxygen can provoke a heart attack or stroke.”

People exposed to air pollution can have a number of different symptoms, including burning eyes, sore throat, cough, sinus problems, fatigue, headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath and brain fog. (AP Photo/Eric Thayer) (AP Newsroom)

Wildfire smoke has also been linked to an increased risk of a number of diseases, including heart and lung problems and brain dysfunction, Perlmutter added.

Certain groups are at a higher risk, he cautioned, including people with underlying heart and lung diseases or other existing chronic diseases, as well as infants, young children and older adults.

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“The smoke can worsen pre-existing respiratory conditions, like asthma or emphysema.”

There are also mental health effects, according to Siegel.

A 10-year study in Nature Mental Health showed a “significant mental health impact” on Californians exposed to wildfires, the doctor pointed out.

“People may feel anxiety over being displaced or fear of losing their homes,” Siegel said. “This may lead to them being unable to sleep.”

There is also the increased danger of falls and other injuries from being in damaged areas where fire-related devastation occurred, he added.

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6 tips to protect health amid wildfires

Experts shared the following steps people can take to help reduce the risk of wildfire health effects.

1. Practice nasal hygiene

Keeping your nasal passages open and clean is essential, Ferrer emphasized. 

“Washing daily, or up to two times a day or regularly, using a saline nasal spray can help clean the filter that’s inside your nose so it’s as effective as possible,” he told Fox News Digital.

During periods of high smoke levels, it’s best to limit time outdoors and keep windows and doors closed, experts agreed. (Richard Vogel)

People can use a pre-made saline solution or make their own at home with distilled water and salt, he said.

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2. Stay indoors and optimize indoor air

During periods of high smoke levels, it’s best to limit time outdoors and keep windows and doors closed, according to Ferrer.

Using HEPA filters can also help to improve air quality, Shah noted. 

      

“Invest in air purifiers with HEPA filters to trap fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke,” he suggested.

Shah also recommends using weather stripping where needed and changing HVAC filters at a higher frequency.

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During the first few months of cleanup, excess chemicals and particulates that are released can significantly worsen air quality. (iStock)

People may also want to minimize “indoor air pollution,” Perlmutter added.

“Don’t light candles, fires or incense and don’t smoke indoors,” he advised. “If you cook, ventilate using a hood if you have one.”

3. Consider leaving the area temporarily

During the first few months of cleanup, excess chemicals and particulates that are released can significantly worsen air quality, warned Dr. Darshan Shah, MD, a board-certified surgeon and founder and CEO of Next Health in California.

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“Consider relocating temporarily to a safer area until conditions improve,” he recommended.

4. Wear a mask

When venturing outside, experts recommend wearing a well-fitting N95 respirator mask to filter out smoke particles. 

When venturing outside, experts recommend wearing a well-fitting N95 respirator mask to filter out smoke particles.  (AP Newsroom)

“Cloth masks, dust masks and other lower quality masks likely won’t provide much protection,” Perlmutter said.

5. Monitor air quality

Experts recommend regularly checking the AQI (Air Quality Index).

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“Use apps or websites (like AirNow) to monitor air quality and avoid outdoor activities when AQI is unhealthy,” Shah said.

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6. Do not tour burned areas

“Avoid visiting recently burned areas, as they pose a high risk of exposure to harmful chemicals and smoldering smoke, which can severely impact respiratory and overall health,” Shah advised.

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Diabetes surge among Americans could be driven by ‘healthy’ breakfasts, doctor warns

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Diabetes surge among Americans could be driven by ‘healthy’ breakfasts, doctor warns

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Americans consume foods every day that are marketed as “healthy,” when they could be quietly destroying their health, one doctor warns.

Dr. Mark Hyman, physician and co-founder of Function Health in California, says that much of America’s daily diet is filled with unhealthy ingredients.

“The amount of refined starches and sugars that are everywhere is just staggering to me, given what we know about how harmful they are,” he shared in an interview with Fox News Digital. “I don’t think people really understand.”

Hyman, author of the new book “Food Fix Uncensored,” said he’s “astounded” by what people are eating, especially for breakfast.

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“People just eat sugar for breakfast,” he said. “They have muffins, they have bagels, they have croissants, they have sugar-sweetened coffees and teas.”

Dr. Mark Hyman is the author of the new book “Food Fix Uncensored.” (Function Health; Little, Brown Spark)

In addition to the traditionally sweet options for breakfast, some cereal brands and breakfast staples have adopted new “protein-packed” menu items and products, following health trends that encourage eating more protein.

“Highly processed food is not food.”

“Now, we’re seeing this halo of protein in certain things,” Hyman said, mentioning that many protein smoothies are “full of sugar.”

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The doctor also noted that some popular cereals are now marketed as having protein in them. “My joke is, if it has a health claim on the label, it’s definitely bad for you,” he said.

Instead of starting the day with a “quick fix” or processed food, Hyman suggests choosing whole sources of protein and fat for breakfast, adding that “if there’s a little carbohydrate in there, it’s fine.”

More products marketed as “high protein” have cropped up on supermarket shelves. (iStock)

For his own breakfast, Hyman said he has a protein shake with whey protein, avocado and frozen berries. Eggs and avocados are also a great protein-and-fat combo option, he added.

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“It’s not that complicated — people need to just think about their breakfast not being dessert,” he said. “No wonder we’re in this cycle of obesity and diabetes. One in three teenage kids now has type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes. That’s just criminal.”

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Instead of counting calories and being in a caloric deficit as a way to lose weight and stay healthy, Hyman instead suggests focusing on how certain foods make you feel and how they impact your health.

“When you look at the way in which different types of calories affect your biology, you can just choose what you’re eating, and then you don’t have to worry about how much,” he told Fox News Digital.

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In addition to the traditionally sweet options for breakfast, some cereal brands and breakfast staples have adopted new “protein-packed” menu items and products. (iStock)

“For example, if you eat a diet that doesn’t cause your insulin to spike — which is low in starch and sugar, higher in protein and fat — you won’t develop those swings in blood sugar, you won’t develop the spikes in insulin, you won’t deposit hungry fat … You will break that cycle.”

People are more likely to “self-regulate when they eat real food” instead of processed foods, which “bypasses the normal mechanisms of satiety, fullness and brain chemistry,” according to Hyman.

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“Ultraprocessed food and junk food or highly processed food is not food,” he said. “It doesn’t support the health and well-being of an organism. It doesn’t do that. It does the opposite.”

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Scientists make startling discovery when examining prostate cancer tissue

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Scientists make startling discovery when examining prostate cancer tissue

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Small fragments of plastic were found in the tumors of most prostate cancer patients, according to a new study from NYU Langone Health. 

In past studies, microplastics have been found in almost every human organ and in bodily fluids, but their impact on human health still isn’t fully understood.

The researchers analyzed tissue samples from 10 patients with prostate cancer who underwent surgery to remove the entire organ. 

Using visuals of both benign samples and tumor samples, as well as specialized equipment, the scientists identified plastic particles in 90% of the tumor samples and 70% of benign tissue samples, according to the study press release.

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In past studies, microplastics were found in almost every single human organ along with bodily fluids, even the placenta. (iStock)

The cancerous tissue contained on average more than double the amount of plastic as healthy prostate tissue samples, the study found. This equates to about 40 micrograms of plastic per gram of tissue compared to 16 micrograms.

Researchers avoided contaminating the samples with other plastics by substituting standard tools with those made of aluminum, cotton and other non-plastic material, the release noted.

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The scientists say this is the first direct evidence linking microplastics to prostate cancer.

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“By uncovering yet another potential health concern posed by plastic, our findings highlight the need for stricter regulatory measures to limit the public’s exposure to these substances, which are everywhere in the environment,” said senior study author Vittorio Albergamo, assistant professor in the department of pediatrics at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, in the release.

Using visuals of both benign samples and tumor samples, as well as specialized equipment, the scientists identified plastic particles in 90% of the tumor samples and 70% of benign tissue samples. (iStock)

The study findings were presented during the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s Genitourinary Cancers Symposium in San Francisco on Feb. 26.

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“What is most striking is not that microplastics were detected, but that they were found embedded within tumor tissue itself,” Dr. David Sidransky, oncologist and medical advisor at SpotitEarly, a startup that offers an at-home breath-based test to detect early-stage cancer, told Fox News Digital.

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“While complete avoidance is unrealistic, people can take practical steps to reduce exposure.”

“We already know microplastics are present in water, air, blood and even placental tissue. Their detection in prostate tumors suggests systemic distribution and long-term bioaccumulation,” added Maryland-based Sidransky, who was not involved in the study.

Study limitations

Albergamo cautioned that a larger sample is needed to confirm the findings. Additionally, Sidransky noted that the presence of microplastics alone does not prove they cause cancer.

“Tumors can act as ‘biologic sinks,’ meaning they may accumulate circulating particles simply because of altered vasculature and permeability,” he said.

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A key unanswered question, according to the doctor, is whether microplastics are biologically active in ways that “promote DNA damage, immune modulation or chronic inflammation within the prostate.”

About one in eight men in the U.S. will be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point in their lifetime, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The most actionable step men can take is appropriate screening and early detection, according to doctors. (iStock)

For those concerned about microplastics, Sidransky offered some insights.

“I believe the appropriate response is curiosity, not panic, and a commitment to understand more,” he said.

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“While complete avoidance is unrealistic, people can take practical steps to reduce exposure, such as minimizing heating food in plastic containers, reducing bottled water consumption when possible, and favoring glass or stainless steel alternatives.”

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The most actionable step men can take, however, is getting appropriate screenings to help ensure early detection, according to the doctor. Screening discussions should be individualized based on age, family history and other risk factors.

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How a Vegan Diet Can Help You Lose Weight 8X Faster

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How a Vegan Diet Can Help You Lose Weight 8X Faster


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