World
How Canada’s ‘off-the-record’ arms exports end up in Israel
Montreal, Canada – The United States has faced widespread condemnation this week for authorising the sale of more than $20bn in additional weapons to Israel as the top US ally wages war in the Gaza Strip.
But while the newly approved arms transfer has renewed global scrutiny of Washington’s unwavering support for Israel, in Canada, the announcement on Tuesday drew attention for a different reason.
That’s because more than $60m worth of munitions will be manufactured by a weapons company in Canada as part of that sale.
Canadian lawyers, rights advocates and other experts say this raises serious questions about the opaque nature of the country’s arms export regime.
They also say Canada’s participation in the arms deal makes clear that the country is failing to ensure that Canadian-made weapons are not used in suspected human rights violations abroad, as required by law.
“The news is appalling,” said Kelsey Gallagher, a researcher at the Canadian peace research group Project Ploughshares.
“Given Israel’s appalling track record of violating international humanitarian law through its operation in Gaza, including in some cases which may constitute war crimes, in no way is it appropriate for Canada to supply this ammunition,” Gallagher told Al Jazeera.
“Moreover, as per Canada’s obligations under the UN Arms Trade Treaty, it’s illegal.”
US-Canada defence partnership
How is it that Canadian-made munitions will be making their way to Israel? A special US-Canada trade relationship is at the heart of the issue, experts say.
Since the 1950s, the North American neighbours have enjoyed “mutually beneficial terms and conditions” on the trade of military weapons and related components via a bilateral deal called the Defence Production Sharing Agreement.
The US — Canada’s largest overall trading partner — today represents the largest market for Canadian-made defence goods, accounting for about 49.1 percent of all such exports.
When Canada joined the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) in 2019, it sought to ensure that its accession to the United Nations pact wouldn’t affect its longstanding arms export regime with the US.
The ATT regulates and sets conditions for the global flow of arms, including a prohibition on signatories transferring weapons to another country if there is a plausible risk they could be used in violations of international humanitarian law, such as war crimes.
“Canada has benefited greatly from its privileged defence relationship with the United States, and it is important not to undermine this arrangement,” the Canadian government said in a statement when it joined the international treaty.
After joining the ATT, Canada put some limited reporting requirements in place when certain weapons systems are sold to the US. Still, it does not report on most transfers to its southern neighbour, nor does it require specific permits for them.
In effect, “Canada and the United States have reciprocal arrangements to ensure permit-free/licence-free movement of most military items between our two countries”, the Canadian government says on its website.
‘Flawed’ export controls
Canadian human rights advocates have denounced this lack of transparency for years, dubbing it a dangerous “loophole” to the Canadian arms export system.
The obscure nature of Canadian arms transfers to the US is also why this week’s news — that a company based in the province of Quebec would be the main contractor for the $61.1m in munitions to Israel — came as a surprise to many observers in Canada.
In its announcement, the US’s Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) said that General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems Inc would supply tens of thousands of “M933A1 120mm High Explosive Mortar Cartridges and related equipment”.
Gallagher, the researcher, said Canadians would likely have never known that the weapons were bound for Israel if the US government hadn’t revealed the information itself.
“Because these [weapons] are being sent through the US to Israel, these will almost certainly face no regulatory oversight by Canadian officials,” he said.
“And in addition to that, they will not be included in Canada’s official reporting of its arms exports to Israel,” Gallagher continued. “These will be off the record, except from this reporting from the DSCA.”
The announcement also came as Canada — along with other Western countries that provide military support for Israel, most notably the US — is facing growing calls to impose an arms embargo on Israel amid the Gaza war.
After Canada’s Parliament passed a non-binding motion in March urging a suspension of arms transfers to Israel, Canadian Foreign Minister Melanie Joly said the government would not authorise any new permits for weapons exports to the country.
But rights advocates quickly questioned why existing permits weren’t also being revoked, and some asked how the government’s pledge would affect transfers of weapons to the US that do not require permits, yet could end up in Israel.
Canada’s foreign affairs department, Global Affairs Canada, did not respond to Al Jazeera’s questions about the US government’s announcement in time for publication.
Henry Off, a Toronto-based lawyer and board member of the group Canadian Lawyers for International Human Rights (CLAIHR), said the news highlights “how flawed [Canada’s] arms export system is”.
It demonstrates “how easily [arms] can end up in Israel just because they can go through the United States”, he explained.
Off’s group is currently involved in an ongoing lawsuit against Joly, demanding an end to Canadian weapons shipments to Israel.
“Canada is legally obligated not to allow these transfers,” he told Al Jazeera.
“We know that these arms and weapons parts are used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, and this is just another example of how Canada has failed to meet its international legal commitments and its domestic legal commitments.”
‘Hold both US, Israel accountable’
Canada’s involvement in the supply of weapons to Israel has also drawn concern from Palestinian rights advocates in the US who say they have tried for months to get the administration of President Joe Biden to stop sending arms — to no avail.
The US provides $3.8bn in military assistance to Israel annually, and Biden’s administration has approved additional weapons sales and other aid to the country several times since the Gaza war began in early October.
Raed Jarrar, advocacy director at Democracy for the Arab World Now, a Washington-based think tank, said the US is violating its own laws by refusing to stop the arms transfers despite evidence they are being used in Israeli rights abuses against Palestinians.
Israeli forces have dropped American-made bombs on Gaza over the course of the war, according to investigations by US media and rights groups, killing scores of Palestinian civilians.
“The United States has lost its moral capital. It has lost its political capital and its leadership when it comes to its blind support to Israel,” Jarrar told Al Jazeera. “And Canada cannot rely on US mechanisms for accountability.”
He said authorities in Canada should step in to ensure that no weapons and equipment manufactured by Canadian companies are contributing to abuses against Palestinians.
“All countries, including Canada, have a moral, ethical and legal obligation to disrupt the supply chain of genocide,” Jarrar said.
“As an organisation based in the United States, I can confirm we have done everything possible to convince our government to adhere by our law, by international law — and we have failed,” he concluded.
“The same way that Israel is unable to hold Israel accountable, the United States is unable to hold the United States accountable. It is time for other countries to hold both Israel and the United States accountable.”
World
Dakota Johnson Joins Lily Allen to Play ‘Madeline’ on ‘SNL’
Star Dakota Johnson made a surprise appearance on “Saturday Night Live” this week, playing the mysterious “Madeline” during Lily Allen‘s performance of that track. The song was Allen’s second of the night.
During the performance, Johnson was mostly hidden behind a screen through the song, as Allen sang about the mistress. But Johnson performed the spoken word portion of the song, which appears on Allen’s album “West End Girl.” In the track, Allen notes that she and her signficant other “had an arrangement: Be discreet and don’t be blatant. And there had to be payment. It had to be with strangers. But you’re not a stranger, Madeline.”
Later in the song, “Madeline” explains her side of the story via texts to Allen: “I hate that you’re in so much pain right now. I really don’t wanna be the cause of any upset. He told me that you were aware this was going on and that he had your full consent. If he’s lying about that, then please let me know. Because I have my own feelings about dishonesty. Lies are not something that I wanna get caught up in. You can reach out to me any time, by the way. If you need any more details or you just need to vent or anything. Love and light, Madeline.”
After reading those lines, Johnson came out from behind the curtain and walked up to Allen — and gave her a quick kiss.
“Madeline” is one of the standout tracks from Allen’s new album “West End Girl,” and has led to much speculation over who the mysterious pseudonym is (or might be a composite of). At least one person has told the press that she is “Madeline,” although Allen has said that it’s actually a composite of several women.
For her first “SNL” number, Allen performed “Sleepwalking” from “West End Girl,” in a bedroom set under a neon sign. Given the saucy lyrics, Allen did have to censor herself, omitting the lyric, “Why aren’t we fucking, baby?” (She did the same thing with “Madeline,” avoiding part of the line “I’m not convinced that he didn’t fuck you in our house.”)
Allen appeared on “Saturday Night Live” to promote “West End Girl,” which has been met with wide acclaim for its brutal honesty and craftsmanship. The album addresses her split from “Stranger Things” star David Harbour, without ever mentioning him by name. (As characterized through scathing lyrics on songs such as “Pussy Palace,” “Sleepwalking” and “Madeline.”)
In his Variety review, Chris Willman called “West End Girl” a contender for album of the year. He wrote of “savoring every confessional line and wondering what the hell she was going to tell us in the next one to top it. It’s the pleasure of listening to a master storyteller who makes your jaw drop by seeming to have spilled all the tea almost at the outset, and then the tea just keeps on coming. Not since Boston in 1773, maybe, has anyone dumped it this massively, or this fulfillingly.”
“West End Girl” repped Allen’s first album release since 2018. Allen has announced a tour next March to support the album, which marks Allen’s first time touring since 2019.
This is Allen’s second time on “Saturday Night Live,” following an appearance on the Feb. 3, 2007 episode hosted by Drew Barrymore. During that episode, Allen performed the tracks “Smile” and “LDN” from her debut album “Alright, Still.”
World
Australian authorities: Bondi Beach shooting was ‘terrorism … designed to target Sydney’s Jewish community’
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A mass shooting during a Hanukkah celebration at Bondi Beach in Sydney, Australia, on Sunday evening left at least 12 people dead and 29 people hospitalized, authorities say.
The annual celebration, known as “Chanukah By The Sea,” was scheduled to kick off at 5 p.m. to celebrate the first day of the Jewish holiday by lighting the first candle on the Menorah. Police say the attack “targeted” the Jewish community and is being investigated as an act of terrorism.
The New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) said officers responded to reports of shots fired at about 6:45 p.m. on Sunday. Police say there were at least two gunmen involved in the attack, and they are investigating the possibility of a third. Twelve people were killed in the shooting, including one of the two suspected gunmen, police said. The second alleged shooter is in critical condition.
At least 29 others were hospitalized after the shooting, including two police officers, the agency confirmed. The shooting is the worst attack against Jews since the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas terror attacks.
ANTISEMITIC ATTACKERS VIOLENTLY TARGET SYNAGOGUE, ISRAELI RESTAURANT IN AUSTRALIA
An investigation is underway after a deadly attack on a Hanukkah event at Bondi Beach in Sydney, Australia, on Sunday. (David Gray/AFP via Getty Images)
Police added that they found evidence of multiple improvised explosive devices in a vehicle near the scene of the attack.
“We have our rescue bomb disposal unit there at the moment working on that,” he said.
Israeli President Isaac Herzog acknowledged the attack while speaking at an event in Jerusalem recognizing immigrants’ extraordinary achievements on Sunday.
“At these very moments, our sisters and brothers in Sydney, Australia, have been attacked by vile terrorists in a very cruel attack on Jews who went to light the first candle of Chanukah on Bondi Beach,” Herzog said. “Our hearts go out to them. The heart of the entire nation of Israel misses a beat at this very moment, as we pray for the recovery of the wounded, we pray for them and we pray for those who lost their lives.”
AUSTRALIA’S JEWISH COMMUNITY ALARMED BY RISING ANTISEMITISM: ‘FEAR AND ANXIETY’
A health worker moves a stretcher after a shooting incident at Bondi Beach in Sydney, Australia, on Dec. 14, 2025. (Saeed Khan/AFP via Getty Images)
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Herzog also called on the Australian government to “seek action and fight against the enormous wave of antisemitism which is plaguing Australian society.”
World
In Khartoum, exhumation of makeshift graves reawakens families’ grief
Khartoum, Sudan – Iman Abdel-Azim had to bury her brother in the courtyard of her home in Khartoum North when he died as fighting between the Sudanese military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces raged around them.
Her brother died of cholera in September last year, unable to access medical care.
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Her neighbours had to help her bury him because it was impossible to access cemeteries during the fighting. She was not the only resident of the capital region’s three cities – Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman – who had to do this.
After Khartoum State announced at the beginning of December a major effort to exhume the remains of people buried in this makeshift manner and move them to cemeteries, Abdel-Azim feels her grief has been renewed as she relives the pain of losing a loved one.
Organised campaign
State and local committees were formed to implement the exhumations. They are made up of representatives from forensic medicine, Civil Defence, the Sudanese Red Crescent, and neighbourhood management and services committees.
Ahmed Abdel Rahman, executive director of Khartoum North, told Al Jazeera that the campaign aims to alleviate the psychological burden on families and improve the health and humanitarian situation in the capital region.
According to Abdel Rahman, the campaign is being overseen by the High Committee for Collecting the Remains of Those Who Died During the Battle of Dignity.
The process will unfold in stages, the first of which is identifying makeshift burial sites.
After that, families are notified and allowed to nominate a representative to be involved in every step, from exhumation to burial.
Forensic medicine specialists will supervise the exhumations and reburials in cemeteries with full documentation of the remains.
The process of transferring these remains began as early as when the Sudanese army took control of Khartoum State, Hisham Zain al-Abidin, director of the Forensic Medicine Authority in Khartoum State, explained to Al Jazeera.
He affirmed that by the first quarter of 2026, Khartoum and its seven districts would be free of any makeshift graves.
However, he added, the field teams responsible for the exhumations and reburials are facing a number of challenges, including a shortage of body bags, “which could affect the work being carried out as required”.
Sabotage
According to Zain al-Abidin, the Rapid Support Forces sabotaged the DNA units used to preserve samples from several buried bodies, which has made it difficult to identify many victims.
He said teams are numbering and documenting the burials of unidentified bodies, then burying them in graves specifically for unidentified individuals.
He called on stakeholders, organisations and citizens for help in preparing the graves and stressed that the work ahead is extensive and requires concerted efforts between the government and citizens.
For her part, Shireen Al-Tayeb Nour Al-Daem, vice president of the Steering and Services Committee in the Shambat neighbourhood of North Khartoum, told Al Jazeera that the committee had surveyed graves in homes, mosques and public squares in several neighbourhoods as a preliminary step before the arrival of medical teams and the commencement of exhumations and transfers of bodies.
Nour Al-Daem said the committee informs victims’ families to attend and follow up on the official procedures with the legal and medical teams until the transfers and burials are completed.
The committee is working on identifying and surveying the locations of makeshift graves, collecting data and communicating with families, Nour Al-Daem said, urging citizens to report the locations of makeshift graves so field teams can access them.
When teams arrive to undertake the exhumations and reburials, the committee will also undertake the logistics and support for those teams. This includes coordinating between the field teams and the families of the deceased to ensure the presence of the family or a representative.
If no relatives of the deceased are present, she added, the High Committee has instructed that the exhumation be halted.
She indicated that the country needs further efforts to complete reconstruction and rebuilding and what the committees are doing “paves the way for a safe environment for the return of citizens” despite the difficulty of people experiencing a second farewell to their loved ones.
The streets of Khartoum are also filled with bodies that have not yet been buried, some of which have decomposed, representing a challenge to identify them and dangers to public health.
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