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In Vermont, ballots are Australian, and in some towns they’re replacing town meetings

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In Vermont, ballots are Australian, and in some towns they’re replacing town meetings


It’s that time of year again when my colleagues and I are calling town clerks to get the details for town meeting, coming up in early March. At our own morning meeting, the talk turned to Australian ballots, the term town clerks inevitably use to describe elections held in conjunction with town meeting. Not just “ballots.” Not “paper ballots.” No, it’s “Australian ballots.” Why?

Rather than Google an answer, I decided to call one of my favorite town clerks, Kristin Beers in Milton, who told me she didn’t know why it’s called Australian ballot, but that I could probably just Google it, or call the Secretary of State’s Office. Kristin did have some interesting insights into the Australian ballot, however, which has replaced the town meeting in Milton entirely. No votes from the floor.

“We are 100% Australian ballot, that’s how we vote for everything,” Kristin said. “Some towns do both, discuss and vote in person and also vote by Australian ballot. Some don’t use ballots at all.”

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Kristin said she’s heard her fellow town clerks voice opinions strongly both ways − in favor of Australian ballots and against them. She has been at meetings where some clerks would question whether voters can really understand what the articles they’re voting on mean without a thorough, in-person discussion at town meeting. Those same clerks admit, however, that it’s hard to find a day and time when everyone will come out and participate in that discussion.

Milton offers an informational meeting the night before the election, where voters can ask questions about what’s going to be on the Australian ballot they use to vote the next day. Seems like a good compromise. But I still needed to know, why “Australian” ballot?

Former Free Press reporter wrote the definitive treatment of the Australian ballot

I could have Googled, as Kristin suggested, or I could have called the secretary of state. But instead, I checked our archives where I found a master’s thesis on the Australian ballot by my former colleague, Tim Johnson. It must be close to 3,000 words. I remember Tim as a somewhat grumpy, but very good and very thorough reporter, and his story on the Australian ballot from 2014 bore that memory out.

Tim explained the Australian ballot has two key features: It’s uniformly printed in advance of the election, by an electoral or governmental authority, and voters cast it in secret. That’s an Australian innovation, which debuted in the 1850s, then made its way to Europe, New Zealand and the United Kingdom in the 1860s and 1870s, finally reaching the United States in the late 1880s.

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Kentucky and Massachusetts were the first states to enact Australian ballot laws, in 1888, followed by most other states over the next decade, including Vermont. Before the Aussies came up with their electoral innovation, Tim explained, elections were “BYOB,” bring your own ballot.

Tim quoted a former state archivist, who described the process. Political parties printed their own ballots, with only their candidates listed, and passed them out to voters.

“Partisan ballots were sometimes printed on paper of distinctive color, or most notoriously, in St. Johnsbury, on paper with zebra stripes,” Tim wrote. “If you were a worker in a factory whose owner favored the zebra-stripe candidates and you were spotted on Election Day casting a different kind of ballot, woe to you.”

Whoa, bring on the Australian ballot.

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Tim also learned that newspapers “had contracts with the parties they supported and published their ballots for readers to clip out.” As an example, the Burlington Free Press, staunchly Republican in 1890, printed the Republican ticket in the left-hand column on Page 4 in the Aug. 29, 1890 edition.

Deadly to town meetings? Some people really don’t like the Australian ballot.

That debate Kristin mentioned between town clerks who favor floor votes at town meetings over secret ballots at elections has been going on for a long time. Tim quotes a UVM professor of political science who wrote in 1964, “While the use of the Australian ballot in general elections is wise, it is another matter to use it in Town Meeting. Its use destroys the chief characteristic of the gathering, the necessity for everyone interested to be there to vote in person on specific issues…”

Fifty years later, Tim notes, another renowned UVM political scientist, Frank Bryan, called the Australian ballot “deadly” to the tradition of town meetings.

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“Understand. The Australian ballot takes away your right to legislate − to be part of the lawmaking process − and it doesn’t even replace it with a deliberative body that represents you,” Bryan said. “It simply allows you to vote up or down, yes or no, on an issue prepared by the selectboard or in many cases by a small group of private citizens with a special interest.”

As with so many other things in Vermont, Tim points out we seem to be the only ones holding on to a term or tradition. Maine doesn’t reference the “Australian ballot.” Neither does Connecticut or New Hampshire or Massachusetts. Even the Aussies have stopped talking about the Australian ballot, according to Tim, who interviewed a Vermont state official who was originally from Australia. He had never heard of the Australian ballot, until he came to Vermont.

“Somehow, everyone came to accept it, learned to live with it, and stopped talking about it − except around here,” Tim wrote.

Contact Dan D’Ambrosio at 660-1841 or ddambrosi@gannett.com. Follow him on X @DanDambrosioVT.



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Somali flag flown outside Vermont school building brings threats

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Somali flag flown outside Vermont school building brings threats


WINOOSKI, Vt. — A small school district in Vermont was hit with racist and threatening calls and messages after a Somali flag was put up a week ago in response to President Donald Trump referring to Minnesota’s Somali community as “ garbage.”

The Winooski School District began to display the flag Dec. 5 to show solidarity with a student body that includes about 9% people of Somali descent.

“We invited our students and community to come together for a little moment of normalcy in a sea of racist rhetoric nationally,” said Winooski School District Superintendent Wilmer Chavarria, himself a Nicaraguan immigrant. “We felt really good about it until the ugliness came knocking Monday morning.”

The Somali flag was flown alongside the Vermont state flag and beneath the United States flag at a building that includes K-12 classrooms and administrative offices. Somali students cheered and clapped, telling administrators the flag flying meant a great deal to them, he said.

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What ensued was a deluge of phone calls, voicemails and social media posts aimed at district workers and students. Some school phone lines were shut down — along with the district website — as a way to shield staff from harassment. Chavarria said videos of the event did not also show the U.S. and Vermont flags were still up and spread through right-wing social media apps, leaving out the important context.

“Our staff members, our administrators and our community are overwhelmed right now, and they are being viciously attacked. The content of those attacks is extremely, extremely deplorable. I don’t know what other word to use,” Chavarria said Tuesday.

Mukhtar Abdullahi, an immigrant who serves as a multilingual liaison for families in the district who speak Somali and a related dialect, said “no one, no human being, regardless of where they come from, is garbage.” Students have asked if their immigrant parents are safe, he said.

“Regardless of what happens, I know we have a strong community,” Abdullahi said. “And I’m very, very, very thankful to be part of it.”

The district is helping law enforcement investigate the continued threats, Chavarria said, and additional police officers have been stationed at school buildings as a precaution. Winooski is near Burlington, about 93 miles (150 kilometers) south of Montreal, Canada.

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White House spokesperson Abigail Jackson called the calls and messages the school received “the actions of individuals who have nothing to do with” Trump.

“Aliens who come to our country, complain about how much they hate America, fail to contribute to our economy, and refuse to assimilate into our society should not be here,” Jackson said in an email late Thursday. “And American schools should fly American flags.”

Federal authorities last week began an immigration enforcement operation in Minnesota to focus on Somali immigrants living unlawfully in the U.S. Trump has claimed “they contribute nothing ” and said “I don’t want them in our country.” The Minneapolis mayor has defended the newcomers, saying they have started businesses, created jobs and added to the city’s cultural fabric. Most are U.S. citizens and more than half of all Somali people in Minnesota were born in the U.S.

At the school district in Vermont, Chavarria said his position as superintendent gave him authority to fly the flag for up to a week without the school board’s explicit approval.

The school district also held an event with catered Somali food, and Chavarria plans to continue to find ways to celebrate its diversity.

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“I felt sorrow for the students, the families, the little kids that are my responsibility to keep safe. And it’s my responsibility to make them feel like they belong and that this is their country and this is their school district. This is what we do,” he said.

___

Scolforo reported from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.



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WCAX Investigates: Police participation in border program draws scrutiny

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WCAX Investigates: Police participation in border program draws scrutiny


BURLINGTON, Vt. (WCAX) – Vermont police officers are working overtime shifts along the Canadian border under a federal program that critics say could violate the state’s anti-bias policing laws.

“Up here, we’re so small we rely on our partner agencies,” said Swanton Village Police Chief Matthew Sullivan.

On a recent frosty Friday, Sullivan was patrolling along the Canadian border as part of Homeland Security’s Operation Stonegarden. The chief and other local officers work overtime shifts for the U.S. Border Patrol.

“It acts as a force multiplier because we’re able to put more officers out in these rural areas in Vermont,” Sullivan said.

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During an exclusive ride-along, Sullivan showed us a field where, as recently as last fall, migrants were smuggled across the border. “These people are really being taken advantage of,” he said.

From 2022 to 2023, U.S. Border Patrol encountered just shy of 7,000 people entering the country illegally in the region, more than the previous 11 years combined.

In several instances, police say cars have tried to crash through a gate in Swanton along the border. Others enter from Canada on foot and get picked up by cars with out-of-state plates.

The chief says the illegal crossings strike fear among local parents. “They didn’t feel safe allowing their kids outside to play, which is extremely unfortunate,” Sullivan said.

Through Operation Stonegarden — which was created in the wake of 9/11 — Sullivan and his officers get overtime pay from the feds. “We’re kind of another set of eyes and ears for border patrol,” Sullivan said. His department also gets equipment and training.

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Six agencies in Vermont participate in Stonegarden: The Vermont State Police, Chittenden County Sheriff’s Department, Essex County Sheriff’s Department, Orleans County Sheriff’s Department, Newport City Police Department, and the Swanton Village Police Department. Some three dozen across New England participate in Stonegarden. These agencies collect relatively small amounts from the feds — $760,000 in Vermont, $190,000 in New Hampshire, and $1 million in Maine.

But amid the Trump administration’s immigration crackdown, Stonegarden is under scrutiny.

“This has become quite relevant to a lot of people once again,” said Paul Heintz, a longtime Vermont journalist who now writes for the Boston Globe. “These three states have dramatically different policies when it comes to local law enforcement working with federal law enforcement.”

Vermont has some of the strictest rules about police assisting federal immigration officials. The Fair and Impartial Policing Policy limits cooperation with the feds and says immigration status, language, and proximity to the border cannot be the basis of an investigation.

“Vermonters have made clear through their elected representatives that they want state and local law enforcement to be focusing on state and local issues,” said Lia Ernst with the ACLU of Vermont. She says Stonegarden is crossing the line. “They don’t want their police to be a cog in the mass deportation machinery of any administration but particularly the Trump administration,” Ernst said.

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The ACLU and other critics are concerned that Stonegarden creates a cozy relationship between local police and immigration officials that can be used to enforce the president’s immigration crackdown.

Heintz says the distinction between civil and criminal immigration enforcement can be fluid. In most civil cases in which the feds seek to deport, Vermont law enforcement can’t play a role because it’s against the law. In criminal cases, which local police can enforce, immigrants can be detained and charged.

“An operation may start out appearing to focus on a federal criminal immigration issue and may turn into a civil one over the course of that investigation,” Heintz said.

“There is a lot of nuance to it,” admitted Sullivan. He insists his department is not the long arm of federal law enforcement and is instead focused on crime, including guns, drugs, and human trafficking. However, if someone is caught in the act of crossing the border illegally, that constitutes a crime, and the chief said he calls for federal backup. Though he said that rarely happens.

“It’s a criminal violation to cross the border outside of a port of entry, and technically, we could take action on that. But again, we’re not here to enforce civil immigration while working Stonegarden,” Sullivan said.

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Vermont Catholic Church receives bankruptcy court’s OK to sell Rutland property – VTDigger

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Vermont Catholic Church receives bankruptcy court’s OK to sell Rutland property – VTDigger


Rutland’s former Loretto Home senior living facility, as pictured in recent advertisements offering it for sale. Pomerleau Real Estate photo

Vermont’s Roman Catholic Diocese, now seeking to reorganize its depleting finances in U.S. Bankruptcy Court, has received permission to sell its former Loretto Home senior living facility in Rutland.

In a ruling this week, Judge Heather Cooper said she’d allow the state’s largest religious denomination to accept a $1 million offer from Rutland’s nonprofit Cornerstone Housing Partners, which wants to transform the Meadow Street building into transitional and long-term affordable apartments.

“The proposed sale represents the highest and best offer for the property,” church lawyers argued in court papers, “and the proceeds of the sale will assist the diocese in funding the administration of this bankruptcy case and ultimately paying creditors.”

Cornerstone said it had a $3.9 million commitment from the state Agency of Human Services to help it buy and rehabilitate the 20,000-square-foot facility.

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The nonprofit could immediately launch its first-phase plan for 16 units of emergency family housing under a new state law that expands locations for shelters. But the $1 million sale is contingent on receiving a Rutland zoning permit for a second-phase plan for at least 20 long-term apartments.

“We’re not going to purchase the building if we can’t create affordable apartments there,” Mary Cohen, the nonprofit’s chief executive officer, told VTDigger. “The goal is to create permanent housing.”

Cornerstone already has heard questions from neighbors as it seeks a zoning permit from Rutland’s Development Review Board.

“I think it’s a lack of understanding,” Cohen said. “We’re good landlords. We house people and take good care of our property. The application process will allow a public conversation about what our plans are.”

The Vermont Catholic Church filed for Chapter 11 protection a year ago after a series of clergy misconduct settlements reduced its assets by half, to about $35 million. Since then, 119 people have submitted new child sexual abuse allegations — almost double that of an earlier 67 accusers who previously settled cases over the past two decades.

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To raise money, the diocese enlisted Pomerleau Real Estate to market the Loretto Home after the facility closed in 2023. The property, under the control of the church since 1904, was initially listed at $2.25 million before being reduced to $1.95 million and, by this year, $1.3 million, court records show. The diocese received an unspecified number of offers before accepting Cornerstone’s $1 million bid this summer.

Under the Chapter 11 process, the Vermont church must receive court approval for all major purchases and sales until a judge decides on its call for a reorganization plan.





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