Minnesota
Minnesota farms are consolidating and other takeaways from the Census of Agriculture – Minnesota Reformer
The number of Minnesota farms is shrinking, and surviving farms are getting bigger and bigger, according to Census of Agriculture data released this week.
The Census of Agriculture is conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture every five years, providing detailed data on the country’s farming and livestock industries.
Until Tuesday, the most recent comprehensive data on farms, agricultural goods and farmers was from 2017. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted supply chains, massive farm subsidy programs took effect and then ended, and inflation drove up the cost of farm inputs and food.
The release contains data collected in 2022, and provides insight into how Minnesota’s agriculture industry changed since 2017. The data is key in shaping government policy, especially the every-five-years federal farm bill, which funds government nutrition and farm programs.
Here are some key takeaways from the data:
Farms are consolidating
The Census of Agriculture data show a pair of key long-term trends are continuing: The number of farmers are shrinking while farms are getting bigger.
The number of Minnesota farms decreased from about 68,800 in 2017 to 65,500 in 2022. Over the same period, the average farm size increased from 371 acres to 388 acres.
The number of farms with 2,000 or more acres increased by about 21%.
By getting bigger, farms achieve economies of scale — fixed costs, like tractors and other equipment, are spread out over more acres of product; simply put, the bigger a farm gets, the higher its profit margins.
Dairies are disappearing
Between 2017 and 2022, the number of dairy farms in Minnesota decreased by 40%, continuing a decades-long decline in the state’s dairy industry.
The Census of Agriculture data includes all farms with dairy cows — so it doesn’t differentiate between a dedicated dairy operation and a crop farmer with a few dairy cattle on the side. Still, the data suggest farmers from both groups are selling off their cattle.
The numbers point to another ongoing trend in agriculture: specialization. Farmers can maximize profits by focusing their labor, equipment and investments on one or two crops; diverse operations, with livestock and various crops, are becoming less and less common.

Farm income hit record highs in 2022; have since dropped
High prices and good yields for the state’s most popular cash crops — corn and soybeans — drove up farm incomes in 2021 and 2022, and those record profits are reflected in the Census of Agriculture data.
Minnesota farms made more than $28 billion in sales in 2022, compared to $18 billion in 2017.
But farm incomes came back down to earth in 2023, decreasing by about 16% nationwide, according to USDA data.
Farm incomes vary widely based on commodities and local weather patterns, so experts warn against making sweeping industry-wide generalizations.
In Minnesota, corn and soybeans alone account for more than half of farm profits. Livestock, especially hogs, comprise 40% of Minnesota’s farm sales.
Farms are receiving more government assistance
Fewer farms received government payments in 2022 than in 2017, but the amount of government money flowing to Minnesota farmers increased.
In 2017, the government paid out $394 million to around 41,000 farms.
In 2022, the government distributed $584 million to around 31,600 farms, including disaster assistance for farmers impacted by severe storms in 2022. That averages out to around $18,500 per farm.
Those government payments include federal subsidies, which pay farmers when crop prices dip below certain levels. With high commodity prices in 2022, these accounted for a smaller portion of government payments than in previous years.

Sugar beets!
One number that held steady was the number of sugar beet farmers in the state — there was only one fewer sugar beet farm in 2022 compared to 2017.
Sugar beets are a remarkably steady and profitable industry for a couple reasons: Farmers collectively own the processing facilities, and sugar prices are supported by protectionist federal policy, boosting profits for sugar beet farmers.
Minnesota produces more sugar beets than any other state.
(Read more about Minnesota’s sugar industry here.)

Minnesota
Keeping the ‘Classic’ Minnesota Flag – Minnesota Senate Republicans
At Senator Westrom’s St. Paul office, visitors are greeted by the classic Minnesota state flag, which the DFL leaders should not have taken away from Minnesotans.
However, local communities have the authority to keep flying it, like many have done, and Senator Westrom encourages communities interested in keeping it to do so.
Minnesota
Bygones: ‘Wets’ had their day in 1926 Minnesota primary
News-Tribune, June 22, 1926
More Duluthians cast votes in yesterday’s primary election than in any primary in the city’s history. Statewide, the “wets” had their day, with M.J. Maas of St. Paul, a “light wine and beer” candidate, appearing victorious in the 4th Congressional District, and W.A. Pittenger of Duluth, similarly regarded as a “wet,” taking a commanding lead in the 8th.
News-Tribune, June 22, 1956
Following the deaths of a pilot and eight civilians in a crash in a residential area near Wold Chamberlain Field in Minneapolis, Duluth Mayor Eugene Lambert filed a request with the U.S. Air Force and Navy that jet training operations be transferred to Duluth, where congestion is less of a problem.
News-Tribune, June 22, 1976
Ralph Nader named Duluth environmentalist Arlene Lehto one of America’s five “unsung heroines” for her contributions to pollution abatement. Lehto in 1969 organized the Save Lake Superior Association to fight pollution in the lake.
News Tribune, June 22, 2006
Duluth City Councilor Russ Stewart will present an ordinance to the council that extends the city’s existing standards for adult bookstores to adult entertainment. The move would allow the 62-year-old Club Saratoga to continue operation in the face of a state law prohibiting strip clubs within 500 feet of a residence or within 2,800 feet of churches and schools.
Barrett Chase has been web editor for the News Tribune since 2015. You can email him at bchase@duluthnews.com or call him at 218-723-5310.
Minnesota
Over a dozen cases dropped against Minnesota protesters accused of assaulting federal agents during ICE operation
Federal prosecutors are continuing to dismiss charges initially brought against people in Minnesota for allegedly assaulting federal officers during the winter.
WCCO dug through court filings and identified at least 18 people whose cases are now dropped. A federal judge officially dismissed the charges for 15 of them; three are pending a judge’s approval after prosecutors filed motions to dismiss the charges. At least 17 cases are still pending, with judges denying defense dismissal motions in several of them.
Richard Painter, a legal expert with the University of Minnesota and former chief White House ethics lawyer for President George W. Bush, said that it’s clear to him that federal prosecutors brought several cases forward without sufficient evidence.
“It appears that the United States Attorney’s Office in Minnesota is bringing some weak cases against protestors,” Painter said, adding that he believes that there was pressure from the Trump administration to charge people.
According to court records, defense and government attorneys alike asked for case dismissals for a variety of reasons.
Juan Carlos Rodriguez Romero was accused in December of ramming into ICE vehicles in St. Paul, prompting an ICE agent to fire his weapon, hitting no one. On June 8, United States Attorney Daniel Rosen signed off on a dismissal motion based in part because prosecutors “thoroughly reassessed the evidence” and concluded that they were not confident that they could obtain and sustain a conviction against Rodriguez Romero.
In January, ICE leadership acknowledged that ICE agent Christian Castro may have lied under oath about what happened the night he shot Julio Cesar Sosa-Celis in north Minneapolis. This led to the assault charges against Sosa-Celis and another man being dropped; Castro is now facing charges in Hennepin County for the shooting and for falsely reporting a crime.
Just a week after that incident, federal officers said Paul Johnson violently resisted arrest in north Minneapolis. On Thursday, Rosen signed a motion to dismiss the charges against Johnson. The U.S. Attorney for the District of Minnesota acknowledged issues raised by Johnson and his legal team, including allegations that agents shackled him to a bed at HCMC without access to his phone for days.
“Based on newly received discovery, the government intends to pursue an investigation into allegations raised in Mr. Johnson’s filings; therefore the interests of justice support dismissal of this case,” Rosen’s motion reads in Johnson’s case.
In the more than 30 cases WCCO reviewed, one name appeared across a variety of different cases. HSI Special Agent Richard Berger submitted sworn affidavits prompting probable cause for the arrest of Johnson and nine others, whose charges were ultimately dismissed. Berger submitted affidavits in at least 12 cases that are still ongoing.
In a hearing in Gillian Etherington’s case in April, which is still ongoing, U.S. District Court Magistrate David Schultz said that he became “concerned with the veracity” of multiple affidavits related to federal officer assault cases that came from Berger. Schultz said that in multiple instances, Berger “did not have any personal knowledge of the events described in the affidavits that he has submitted to this court as sworn affidavits.”
A spokesperson for the Department of Homeland Security ignored questions from WCCO about whether there has been an internal review of incident reports or legal filings. The spokesperson instead provided a statement describing Johnson, who prosecutors are dropping the federal case against, as an “anti-ICE rioter.”
U.S. prosecutors in Minnesota on Tuesday announced charges against 15 people they say conspired to “violently oppose immigration law enforcement,” though Rosen failed to describe a single example of injuries to federal agents when repeatedly questioned.
When asked what makes the latest slate of indictments different than other cases that have been dropped, Rosen said he doesn’t think any cases have “failed in any way.”
“Read the indictment and you’ll understand the magnitude of this case,” Rosen said. “You watch how this case plays out, you watch how the evidence plays out and the evidence will prove it all out.”
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