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Everything you need to know about Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of Iran
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A week after Israel launched a surprise attack on Iran aiming to wipe out its nuclear program, all eyes are now on the country’s reclusive supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
On Thursday, following an Iranian missile strike that hit an Israeli hospital, Israel Defense Minister Israel Katz said in a statement that “Khamenei will be held accountable for his crimes,” adding during a visit to one of the impact sites that “a person like that should not exist,” later calling him “the modern day Hitler,” according to the Times of Israel.
Over decades of rule, Khamenei has built an impenetrable circle around him both inside and outside of Iran. Now, with Israel taking out some of his closest aides and senior security figures, as well as significantly weakening its militant Islamic allies across the region, the supreme leader is beginning to look increasingly isolated.
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Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei is standing with military leaders. (AP)
“He calls himself a revolutionary, not a diplomat,” Dr. Meir Javedanfar, a lecturer in Iran Studies at Reichman University near Tel Aviv who grew up in Tehran, told Fox News Digital, adding that he sees himself as a “revolutionary.”
On Wednesday, that militancy and determination to stay in power came through in statements by Khamenei, who said the “Iranian nation will not surrender” and “war will be met with war, bombing with bombing, and strike with strike,” according to local media reports.
Who is Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei?
Born in 1939 to a religious but modest family in Mashad, eastern Iran, Khamenei was among the Islamist activists who played an instrumental role in the pivotal 1979 revolution to overthrow the U.S.-backed shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
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Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was President of Iran twice and a close ally of the country’s first supreme leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeni. (Getty images)
A close ally of Iran’s first supreme leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who led the revolution and founded the Islamic Republic, Khamenei emerged as a trusted lieutenant, helping to promote the new regime’s concept of religiously-dominated governance.
For much of the 1980s, he served as Iran’s president, a largely ceremonious role. Additionally, when Khomeini died in 1989, Khamenei, who according to some reports was not yet qualified for the position, rose to become the country’s supreme leader.
Since then, Khamenei has worked to consolidate his absolute power, tightening his grip on the country’s political, military and security apparatus, while cracking down on dissent and taking a firm stand against progressive ideas, the West and Israel.
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More on Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of Iran
Lisa Daftari, an expert on Iran and editor-in-chief of The Foreign Desk, told Fox News Digital, “Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s rule has been marked by unrelenting brutality and repression, both within Iran and beyond its borders. Under his direct command, the regime has executed hundreds of prisoners in just the past year, including women, and continues to hold the world record for executions and torture.
“The state police and notorious ‘morality police,’ all under Khamenei’s control, enforce a severe interpretation of Sharia law, violently suppressing dissent and targeting women and minorities. His apparatus has not only silenced opponents at home through mass arrests, torture, and extrajudicial killings, but has also orchestrated assassinations of dissidents abroad and exported terror across the region.”
Daftari concluded, “Khamenei’s regime is responsible for the deaths of countless Iranians and even Americans, with blood on his hands from both domestic crackdowns and international violence. For almost five decades, Iran has been run as a police state, where fear, surveillance, and systematic human rights abuses are tools of governance and methods of regime survival.”
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, right, greets then-Syrian President Bashar Assad in Tehran, Iran, on Feb. 25, 2019. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP, File)
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei’s political history
Khamenei has also invested heavily in the so-called axis of resistance across the region, including backing the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas, Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthi movement in Yemen and other militant militias. Many of these allies, as well as the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, have collapsed over the last year and a half under Israeli military pressure.
Inside Iran, Khamenei’s conservative-style of leadership has faced challenges over the years, including briefly in 2009 following elections where Khamenei declared victory for the incumbent president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, sparking massive popular demonstrations – with some protestors calling for Khamenei’s downfall.
Mass protests also broke out in the autumn of 2022 after Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old, died while detained by the morality police for allegedly wearing her headscarf improperly. The protests were brutally put down, with many of those arrested put to death by his regime.
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, right, meets Secretary General of the Islamic Jihad Movement Ziyad al-Nakhalah, left, and the former head of the Hamas terror group Ismail Haniyeh, who was assassinated one day after this photo was taken, Tehran, Iran, on July 30, 2024. (Iranian Leader Press Office / Handout/Anadolu via Getty Images)
However, according to the Council For Foreign Relations, Iran’s supreme leader remains “leader for life” under a clerical ruling system that puts him at the head of state and affords him vast control derived from religious authority.
“When he was a young man, he studied the writings of the founders of Muslim Brotherhood, and always believed in militant Islam,” said Javedanfar, adding that he has also “always been anti-Israel to the point of antisemitism.”
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei waves to the crowd while attending a ceremony marking the 30th death anniversary of the late revolutionary founder Ayatollah Khomeini, shown in the poster at rear, at his mausoleum just outside Tehran, Iran, on Tuesday, June 4, 2019. Ayatollah Khamenei said his country will continue resisting U.S. economic and political pressure on his country. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP)
“I think he believes in confronting Israel in every means possible,” he said, noting that there are no signs Khamenei is interested in backing down.
“I’m sure many people had warned him that supporting Hamas after October 7, and Hezbollah and other groups could bring war to Iran’s territory but he obviously, he didn’t listen,” Javedanfar said.
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US military chief Hegseth warns Cuba against acquiring military arms
Hegseth’s visit to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, comes as the Trump administration increases pressure against Cuba’s government.
Published On 10 Jun 2026
Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth has warned that Cuba could invite confrontation with the United States if it seeks to bolster its military capabilities with new purchases.
Wednesday’s comments come as US President Donald Trump continues to threaten possible military intervention on the Caribbean island.
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“It would be unwise of the government of Cuba to try to procure or get access to the types of weapons that could reach this base or the American homeland,” Hegseth said during a visit to the US military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
“They would be inviting the kind of confrontation not only do they not want but they could not stand. No country on Earth can match the capabilities of the United States of America.”
Hegseth did not offer specifics about the type of military weaponry Cuba might seek.
But his remarks follow a May report in the news outlet Axios stating that the country had acquired more than 300 military drones that could potentially be used against US forces.
Cuba sits roughly 140 kilometres, or 90 miles, from the southern tip of Florida, and the island’s communist leadership has long had a tense relationship with the US government.
Since the Axios report was released, Cuba has reiterated that it is not a threat to the US. It has also underscored that it has the right to defend itself, and it accused the US of “fabricating pretexts” and “creating and spreading falsehoods” to justify “potential aggression”.
Still, friction has increased between the two countries since Trump returned to office in 2025.
Following an attack on January 3 to abduct Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, Trump has threatened to take military action elsewhere in Latin America, including in Cuba.
He has also imposed a de facto energy blockade on Cuba, threatening tariffs against any country that supplies the island with oil. The resulting fuel shortages have caused energy blackouts across the country, as well as scarcities of other basic supplies.
Earlier this week, Volker Turk, the United Nations high commissioner for human rights, slammed the US restrictions as having an outsized impact on the most vulnerable members of Cuban society.
“Children are dying because doctors lack access to essential medical supplies and medicines,” he said. “This is unacceptable.”
But there are lingering concerns that the US may seek to escalate tensions with Cuba.
Since last year, the US has been increasing its military presence in the Caribbean Sea. In May, it deployed an aircraft carrier, the USS Nimitz, to the region, as well.
The US has repeatedly described Cuba as an “unusual and extraordinary threat” to its national security, and reports have emerged that Trump is seeking regime change on the island.
Hegseth’s arrival in Guantanamo Bay follows a visit last month from General Francis Donovan, the leader of the US Southern Command, which oversees military action in Latin America.
During Wednesday’s visit, Hegseth said the US is seeking a positive relationship with Cuba and implied change was imminent.
“Soon, we could be a friend of the leadership of the government of Cuba,” he said.
But he did not rule out the possibility of military action.
“For now, let’s see what happens. But the Department of War will give the commander-in-chief every single option he needs within that contingency,” Hegseth said.
“What happens with the future of Cuba is in the hands of … the president of the United States and the leadership of Cuba.”
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Iran accelerates execution campaign against anti-regime activists amid internet censorship
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The Islamic Republic of Iran has accelerated its executions of dissidents and activists, with the true number of victims likely obscured by the regime’s internet censorship and blackout.
Ever since the January uprisings against the regime, Tehran has enforced a bloody clampdown against its opponents.
The Iran Human Rights Society has documented 784 executions so far in 2026. A representative from the organization told Fox News Digital that “these figures indicate a rapidly accelerating trend in executions since March,” and explained that “in particular, the execution of political prisoners has reached a level not seen in the past 37 years.”
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A woman lays down flowers for victims of executions in Iran during a rally in Paris, France, on May 13, 2025. (Siavosh Hosseini/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
A State Department official told Fox News Digital that “we are aware of disturbing reports about the recent surge in executions in Iran.” The official noted that “we strongly condemn the Iranian regime’s use of executions to punish people for exercising basic human rights, including Iranians peacefully protesting for a better life.”
The official said that “for decades, Iranians have been subjected to torture and sham trials resulting in executions and severe punishments, often with coerced confessions as the only evidence presented against them.”
According to information provided to Fox News Digital by the Secretariat of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) on June 4, the Islamic Republic of Iran executed at least 18 prisoners between May 31 and June 1. These included 12 prisoners hanged on May 31, and an additional six prisoners executed on June 1, one of whom was said to be “hanged in public with utmost brutality.”
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The NCRI has counted a total of 32 executions between March 19 and June 1. These included eight members of Iranian dissident organization People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOE/MEK) and 24 participants in Iran’s January 2026 protests.
In documents provided to Fox News Digital, the NCRI said on June 7 that there was “an imminent risk of execution” for five political prisoners in the Sheiban Prison in Ahvaz, four of whom were sentenced to death because they were charged with being members of PMOI/MEK.
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the NCRI, posted on X a call for “urgent action” from the U.N. “to prevent the execution.”
Days earlier on June 2, following two other executions against January protesters, Rajavi said on X that the “clerical regime has committed another horrific crime in Iran.” She called on the U.N. Security Council and European Union “to decisively condemn these criminal executions and take effective action to stop the killing of political prisoners and protesters in Iran.”
The Iran Human Rights Society echoed NCRI’s account of 18 recent executions between May 31 and June 1. Their representative explained that despite the internet blackout, they receive reports from “a network of prison sources, prisoners’ families, lawyers, and local contacts” and explained that “all reports are reviewed and cross-checked through multiple independent sources before publication.” Though they say “internet restrictions make documentation more difficult,” they stated they “continue to receive, verify, and document information.”
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A hanging rope seen displayed during the rally in Paris, France on May 13, 2025. (Siavosh Hosseini/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
Alp Toker, the director of NetBlocks, a global internet monitor, told Fox News Digital that “internet connectivity in Iran is largely restored but the service that is available remains limited compared to the state of things before the protests and the war this year. For most users, in practice, that means international access is slow with indications of throttling and there’s also increased filtering, particularly targeting messaging apps.
“It’s been in this limbo state since the restoration with no significant change for better or worse,” he said.
However, the Iran Human Rights Society representative noted that the actual number of executions is “almost certainly” higher than the figure they have captured. “The ruling authorities in Iran frequently carry out executions in secret and do not publicly announce many of them,” the representative explained. Additionally, the representative added that “a significant number of executions, particularly in remote areas or locations with limited access to information, may remain undocumented or reach us only after a considerable delay.”
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The representative also noted that the quantity of executions the Iran Human Rights Society documents “has consistently been lower than the actual number carried out.”
The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Dr. Mai Sato, did not respond to Fox News Digital’s request for comment on the increased executions in Iran.
On June 20th, up to 100,000 Iranian expats from both sides of the Atlantic are expected to hold a major rally in Paris to urge an end to the executions. More than 100 lawmakers, officials, former heads of state and ministers are also expected to join, according to the NCRI.
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