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European countries grapple with internal politics over nuclear energy

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European countries grapple with internal politics over nuclear energy

Emmanuel Macron has championed the revival of France’s nuclear program as a central focus of his second presidential term.

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With the emphasis on job creation, green investments, and advancements in mini-reactors, the challenges accompanying this nuclear resurgence are manifold.

The President of the Republic had underscored this commitment during his re-election campaign in May 2022. Months earlier, during a visit to the Arabelle turbine manufacturing site in Belfort, Macron unveiled an ambitious nuclear program.

According to the President, this is the main solution to meet the burgeoning electricity demand driven by increased electrification, to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, and sustain competitive electricity prices to support French businesses. 

Macron has unabashedly hailed nuclear power as a “technology of the future”. France’s current fleet of electricity production reactors comprises 56 pressurised water reactors (PWR), classified as “generation II”, along with an EPR (European Pressurised Water Reactor) reactor presently under construction in Flamanville, Manche, designated as “generation III” .

In January, President Emmanuel Macron declared his intention to outline “the primary directions for the next 8” EPR reactors from the summer onwards, as part of the nuclear power revival, following the launch of six new EPR reactors, during a press conference. 

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Nuclear controversy in Germany

Whilst 65 to 70 percent of electricity in France is generated by nuclear, Germany’s figure was only 1.4 percent in 2023. It is indicative of a complicated relationship between Germany’s political parties and nuclear power. 

Amid concerns over gas supplies following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, three policy options were considered by the government: extending the use of existing nuclear fuel, purchasing new fuel elements, or reopening the recently shut-down plants. The Green Party strongly opposed restarting nuclear power stations.

The handling of Germany’s nuclear phase-out during the 2022 energy crisis has drawn scrutiny towards the country’s economic and environment ministries, both under Green Party leadership, for their approach to closing the last three nuclear power plants.

German Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, Robert Habeck, found himself redirected to the Bundestag’s energy committee to defend his controversial policy amid the energy crisis. 

Despite internal discussions and assessments supporting the feasibility of extending the nuclear plants’ lifespans, a change in direction occurred within the environment ministry, citing “reasons of nuclear safety”. 

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Minister Habeck defended his ministry’s actions, emphasising the need to focus on replacing Russian natural gas rather than relying on nuclear energy for electricity.

The decision to extend the life of the last three nuclear power plants was eventually reached several months later, reflecting a compromise pushed by the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) . 

The handling of this matter has faced criticism from Germany’s conservative opposition, who argue that the process lacked transparency and openness.

Spain’s ongoing debate

Spain’s energy strategy remains a subject of debate, with differing viewpoints on the role of nuclear and renewable energies in achieving sustainability and energy independence.

The Spanish government announced in December plans to phase out the country’s nuclear reactors, with the first plant shutdown scheduled for 2027.

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The energy landscape is influenced by Russia’s strategic leveraging of its gas production capacity and the disruption caused by disputes such as the recent gas supply cut-off by Algeria to Morocco, affecting one of Spain’s gas supply routes.

Greenpeace Spain calls for an accelerated transition away from nuclear energy, critiquing Spain’s energy plan for not prioritising a rapid shift towards 100% renewable energy. 

José Luis García, responsible for Greenpeace’s Climate Emergency program, challenges the classification of nuclear energy as ‘green’, emphasising the need to address broader environmental risks associated with nuclear power .

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While France looks to bolster its energy security by embracing nuclear power alongside renewables, Spain remains steadfast in its commitment to achieve complete denuclearisation by 2035, as outlined in its Comprehensive National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030 (Pniec). Including two nuclear powerplants 100 kilometres from the Portuguese border.

Portugal’s  phasing out nuclear, Italy phasing in

Over the past few years, Portugal has taken significant step towards dismantling its long-serving nuclear reactor, which had been instrumental in scientific research and education for over five decades. 

Portugal has taken a firm stance against nuclear energy, with former Minister of Environment and Climate Action, João Pedro Matos Fernandes, highlighting its perceived shortcomings during the 26th United Nations climate conference (COP26) in Glasgow. 

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He emphasised that nuclear energy is deemed unsafe, unsustainable, and economically burdensome. 

Italy’s nuclear history saw all four plants closed following a 1990 referendum. A subsequent attempt to reintroduce nuclear power was halted by a 2011 referendum.

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Italy’s Chamber of Deputies has launched an inquiry into the role of nuclear energy in its energy transition. The country, the only G7 nation without operating nuclear power stations, shut down its last plant over 30 years ago.

The inquiry aims to explore nuclear energy’s potential contribution to Italy’s decarbonisation by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050. It was supported by pro-nuclear members but faced abstention from others.

Minister of Environment in Italy, which is hosting the G7 meeting this year, said in a recent speech, “We have continued to work with important private companies both on the fission front, therefore on the new generation NUCLEAR with small reactors, and on the fusion front”

Last March, the Minister of Infrastructure and Transport and Deputy Prime Minister Salvini also said that a modern and industrialised country “cannot say no to nuclear energy.”

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War breaking news. Israel: two senior Hamas figures hit in northern Gaza. Iran, Trump: ‘No one will control the Strait of Hormuz’

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War breaking news. Israel: two senior Hamas figures hit in northern Gaza. Iran, Trump: ‘No one will control the Strait of Hormuz’

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Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, the Pasdaran, claim that 25 ships have crossed the Strait of Hormuz in the last 24 hours

Idf, two senior Hamas figures hit in northern Gaza

The Israel Defence Forces claim to have hit two ‘senior Hamas figures’ in northern Gaza. The army said more details would be provided later.

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Gaza, Hamas armed wing confirms killing of its leader

The Ezzedine al-Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of the Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas, today confirmed the death of their leader, Mohammed Odeh, who was killed in an Israeli raid on Tuesday evening. This was reported by the France Presse news agency. “The great martyr commander Mohammed Ali Odeh, known as Abu Amr, chief of staff of the Ezzedine al-Qassam Brigades, was killed Tuesday night in a cowardly assassination operation that resulted in his martyrdom, along with that of his wife and children, and caused a number of civilian deaths and injuries,” reads a statement from the Brigades.Israel had announced last night that it had targeted Odeh in an attack and then announced his death in the morning. Hamas had confirmed the death, but did not acknowledge that Odeh had actually succeeded the leadership of the al-Qassam Brigades to Ezzedine al Haddad, who was killed in an Israeli raid in mid-May, as claimed by the Israeli authorities.

Trump, he is negotiating to the point of exhaustion. Tehran unveils draft agreement, White House denies

Iran is “negotiating to the bitter end and wants an agreement. We are not satisfied, but we will be. We may have to go back there and finish the job.” Donald Trump is back to threatening Tehran and dictating conditions for the deal that could end the war. The tycoon made it clear that Iran will not get an easing of sanctions in return for giving up highly enriched uranium. “We’re not talking about sanctions relief or money,” he said during the White House cabinet meeting. The deal, he added, “will have to be perfect. I didn’t go through all this to get a bad one’. One of the consequences of the deal negotiated in these hours, the president pointed out, is that ‘the Strait of Hormuz will reopen immediately’. And ‘it will be open to everybody, it’s international waters, nobody will control it’. Trump then issued a warning to Arab countries: if they don’t adhere to the Abrahamic Accords, ‘I’m not sure we should make the deal’ with the Islamic Republic. “I think they owe it to us. I will not say what is subordinate and what is not,” but “we are asking for it strongly,” he continued. Asked about the possibility of Tehran’s enriched uranium ending up under the control of Russia or China, Trump replied, “I wouldn’t feel comfortable with that.” Reiterating that Iran “will never have a nuclear weapon,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio stressed that “diplomacy is always the first option and we continue to work on that,” adding that the United States has “other options” in the event of no agreement.

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US ally pledges support for Trump’s push to break Iran’s grip on Hormuz: ‘We are ready to contribute’

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US ally pledges support for Trump’s push to break Iran’s grip on Hormuz: ‘We are ready to contribute’

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UNITED NATIONS — The Czech Republic is prepared to help protect freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and is aligning closely with the Trump administration on security, NATO and Israel, Czech Foreign Minister Petr Macinka told Fox News Digital during an exclusive interview at the United Nations in New York.

Prague already had begun discussions about contributing specialized capabilities to help secure the strategically vital waterway amid growing tensions with Iran, Macinka said while speaking at Security Council-related meetings at the U.N. 

“We are ready to contribute to freedom of passage and the Hormuz trade,” Macinka said. 

“We were among the first countries that were ready to contribute … We have no navy, as we are in the middle of Europe,” he explained, “But we have some unique passive surveillance capabilities.”

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TRUMP SEEKS WARSHIPS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES TO HELP SECURE STRAIT OF HORMUZ

Czech Republic Foreign Minister Petr Macinka arrives at the 135th Session of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe at the Palace of the Republic in Chisinau, Moldova, May 15, 2026. (Vladislav Culiomza/Reuters)

Macinka warned that Iran posed a global threat through what he described as four main “war tools”: nuclear proliferation, drones and ballistic missiles, international terrorism and threats to the Strait of Hormuz. 

“Their nuclear military program must be stopped,” he said. “It’s a global risk and global threat.”

The comments come as the Trump administration has increased pressure on European allies to take a larger role in protecting international shipping routes amid Iranian threats tied to the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most critical oil transit choke points. Roughly one-fifth of global oil consumption passes through the narrow waterway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea.

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Speaking after a meeting with foreign ministers in Sweden Friday, Secretary of State Marco Rubio questioned the value of hosting U.S. military bases in allied countries that later restrict American military operations during wartime.

“One of the arguments I always made was that these bases in the region provided us with logistical options that we wouldn’t otherwise have,” Rubio told reporters. “And when some of those bases are denied to you during a conflict that we’re involved in, then you question whether that value is still there.”

President Donald Trump also has sharply criticized NATO allies over a reluctance to participate in military operations tied to the Iran conflict and securing the Strait of Hormuz. 

Trump said he was “strongly considering” pulling the United States out of NATO after allies failed to join the U.S. campaign against Iran, according to an April 1 interview with Britain’s Daily Telegraph, calling the alliance a “paper tiger.”

Vessels of Iran’s Islamic Revolution Guards Corps are seen during a ceremony marking the National Persian Gulf Day at the Persian Gulf near Bushehr, Iran, April 29, 2024. The National Persian Gulf Day marks the anniversary of the expulsion of Portuguese military forces from the Strait of Hormuz in 1622. (Shadati/Xinhua via Getty Images)

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The Czech Republic, a NATO member since 1999, reached NATO’s benchmark of spending 2% of GDP on defense and has supported calls for Europe to increase military readiness amid Russia’s war in Ukraine.

Macinka strongly defended the administration’s calls for Europe to increase defense spending and reduce dependence on Washington for long-term security guarantees. 

“We should do our homework and build our defense to become stronger,” he said, arguing that Europe had delayed necessary military investments for too long.

He also tied Europe’s defense spending challenges to the European Union’s Green Deal policies, the bloc’s sweeping climate agenda aimed at reducing carbon emissions, calling them ideological and financially destructive. 

“If we get rid of this green, crazy alarmism, then we have enough money to build our defense,” he said.

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The Czech foreign minister also voiced unusually direct support for Trump and his administration, praising what he described as a global “common sense” shift following Trump’s election victory.

“We are friends of Israel, and we are friends of America,” Macinka said. “Especially me as a politician, I’m a friend of the ideology of the current American administration.”

Macinka also referenced a clash earlier in 2026 with former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton at the Munich Security Conference, where he criticized Europe’s liberal political establishment and defended the populist wave reshaping parts of Europe and the United States.

EUROPE MUST LEAD ON UKRAINIAN SECURITY GUARANTEES, GREEK FOREIGN MINISTER SAYS: ‘WE ARE THE NEIGHBORS’

A tanker sits at the Port of Fujairah, as the U.S.-Israel conflict with Iran limits marine traffic in the Strait of Hormuz. (REUTERS / Amr Alfiky / File Photo)

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Macinka linked Prague’s strong support for Ukraine to the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, when hundreds of thousands of Warsaw Pact troops occupied the country for more than two decades.

He said that historical experience continues to shape Czech public opinion and support for Kyiv.

“The Czech society feels a big solidarity with Ukraine,” Macinka said, describing the war as a “symmetric war” between a powerful Russian military and a Ukrainian army backed by the West.

Macinka highlighted Prague’s leading role in a Czech-backed ammunition initiative supplying Ukraine with artillery rounds collected through international donor efforts. 

Recalling a visit to Kyiv earlier in 2026, he said he received intelligence briefings on battlefield ammunition consumption from Ukrainian military officials.

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TRUMP, ZELENSKYY TO MEET FOR KEY DEAL AS NATO ALLIES, RUSSIA WAIT, WATCH

Naval units from Iran and Russia simulate the rescue of a hijacked vessel during joint drills at the Port of Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan, Iran, on Feb. 19, 2026. (Iranian Army/Handout/Anadolu via Getty Images)

The Czech initiative delivered more than half a million rounds of ammunition in 2026 alone, according to Macinka, helping stabilize the battlefield ahead of possible peace negotiations.

Macinka argued that maintaining a stable front is essential for meaningful negotiations, warning that shifting battle lines will only harden demands on both sides.

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Newly recruited soldiers of Ukraine’s 159th Separate Mechanized Brigade participate in integration and advanced training exercises in Kharkiv Oblast on May 14, 2026, after completing basic military training. (Yevhen Titov/Global Images Ukraine via Getty Images)

With Washington increasingly focused on the Middle East, Macinka also said Europe must begin taking a larger diplomatic role in future negotiations over Ukraine.

“America is quite busy with the Middle East,” he said. “Europe should wake up and ask for a place at the table.”

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Rescue teams find five of seven trapped in Laos cave

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Rescue teams find five of seven trapped in Laos cave

The seven Lao ​nationals ⁠had entered the cave in Xaisomboun province last week before heavy rain and a landslide blocked their ⁠exit.

Rescue teams have recovered five of seven villagers who had been trapped for more than a week in a flooded cave in central Laos.

The quintet was found alive on Wednesday. Lao and Thai teams said that they were continuing the search for two others who remain missing.

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“We’ve found 5 people alive and all safe. There are still 2 people we are searching for,” a Laotian volunteer rescue group said in a social media post.

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“At 4:30 pm [09:30 GMT], we found our target. We found five people. We are looking for the other two,” added Thai rescuer Kengkach Bangkawong in a separate post.

Thai volunteer rescuer Chakrakrit Taengtung posted a video on social media showing him and the five rescued villagers all cheering.

The video suggested that they were in good health and good spirits as they raised their arms in the air ⁠and smiled.

This handout image released by Metta Tham Rescue Kalasin on May 26, 2026, shows rescue workers speaking outside a cave in Xaisomboun province [AFP]

The seven Lao nationals ⁠entered the cave in Xaisomboun province last week. Shortly afterwards, heavy rain and a landslide blocked their ⁠exit, according to a local volunteer group and state-run Lao Phattana News.

A ⁠Thai volunteer group joined the ⁠rescue operation on Sunday. The team included a diver who took part in the 2018 rescue of 12 boys and their ‌football coach from a flooded cave in northern Thailand, an operation that drew global attention and ‌involved divers from across the globe.

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Videos shared online showed that reaching the cave’s entrance required a steep hike of roughly 4 kilometres (2.5 miles). The entrance is also steep and rocky, and barely wide enough for a single person to climb through.

There has been no official confirmation on why the villagers went into the cave. However, rescuer Bounkham Luanglath, from the Lao organisation Rescue Volunteer for People, said the cave was frequented by local residents looking for gold, even though authorities had repeatedly warned of safety concerns.

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