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Momentum builds to save tree ‘Yellowstone Forest Reserve’ surveyors inscribed 132 years ago – WyoFile

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Momentum builds to save tree ‘Yellowstone Forest Reserve’ surveyors inscribed 132 years ago – WyoFile


Right now there’s a tree frozen up in the wilderness outside of Yellowstone National Park with names scrawled into the trunk. The vandals? A survey crew stranded in a snowstorm 132 years ago.

“Probably out of boredom, more than anything else, they carved their names,” said historian Lawrence Todd, a Colorado State University emeritus professor who lives in Meeteetsee.

Some 340 miles away, a tentative new home awaits the cultural artifact. Wyoming State Museum Director Kevin Ramler has already selected the place to display the hulking piece of history, which has become a source of debate in the State Capitol. 

If extricated from the wilderness, the tree would go to a wing of the museum that pays tribute to Wyoming’s spectacular federal lands — all 30-plus million acres, owned by all Americans, even amid renewed hostility toward the very concept. 

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The Wyoming State Museum in downtown Cheyenne in February 2025. (Mike Vanata/WyoFile)

Surveyors marked up the historically significant tree while mapping out the Yellowstone Forest Reserve, which preceded the Shoshone National Forest. 

“Telling the story of Wyoming, that’s the first national forest,” Ramler said during a January tour of the tree’s likely new home. “We have some stuff tied to the first national park [Yellowstone] … but we don’t have a lot of artifacts to tell the story of the first national forest.” 

Phillp Gallaher, surveyor. (Lawrence Todd/Courtesy)

The tree engraved in all caps by P.M. GALLAHER, J.L. DORSH, C.L. SAWYER AND J.E. SHAW and others on Oct. 3, 1893 “is an opportunity,” the museum director said. 

Inscribed just 21 years after Yellowstone’s establishment and three years after Wyoming gained statehood, the tree is a reminder of some of the earliest efforts to “reserve” forestland rather than harvest it all. 

There’s also a detailed historical record, thanks in part to the efforts of Todd, who’s published his research about the tree. He even dug up field notes that Phillip M. Gallaher jotted during an extended stretch of inclement weather when carving up a tree must have seemed compelling. 

“A heavy snow storm prevailed during the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th of October without interruption day or night, rendering it impossible to take a sight or do any work,” Gallaher journaled. “During this time I camped on the head of a small stream about ½ mile south of the flag at Sta. K, at an altitude of 10,500 feet. The snowfall at this time was in the neighborhood of 5 ft.”  

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The full inscription left by Phillip M. Gallaher’s Yellowstone Forest Reserve survey crew. (Courtesy)

But displaying even a section of the tree in the Cheyenne museum will require a heavy lift and not everyone is a fan of the plan. 

For one, recovering it won’t come easy. It’s about 28 miles from the nearest trailhead just outside of Yellowstone National Park’s boundary. The conifer grove where Gallaher, Dorsh, Sawyer and Shaw became stranded sits near the banks of Younts Creek within what’s known as the Thorofare, famous for its extraordinary remoteness and wildness. 

Four inscribed trees, as well as more recent hearths, are among the archaeologically significant objects found in a backcountry campsite near Younts Creek in the Thorofare area. (Lawrence Todd/Courtesy)

It’s a familiar and beloved place for many backcountry travelers, including John Winter, a former Thorofare outfitter and current Republican state representative from Thermopolis. 

There’s also the expense to consider. On Wednesday, Winter stood on the House floor and encouraged his budget-slashing Wyoming Freedom Caucus counterparts to make a relatively small investment — $35,000 — to recover a section of the survey tree. Sen. Larry Hicks, a Baggs Republican, made the same pitch the same day across the Capitol in the Wyoming Senate. 

“It’s part of the cultural history of the United States of America and part of the history of this state,” Hicks said. “You will not find another tree in this state with an inscription from 1893 that’s still standing today. Folks, it’s 132 years old.” 

Hicks also imparted a history lesson, recounting how Congress passed the Forest Reserve Act, extending the forest boundaries around Yellowstone National Park in 1891. Two years later, the federal government contracted with Gallaher to measure and map the new boundary. 

Sen. Larry Hicks, R-Baggs, during the Wyoming Legislature’s 2025 general session in Cheyenne. (Mike Vanata/WyoFile)

Todd, the Meeteetse historian, has visited the tree and recognized that it’s threatened by wildfire, or of toppling over from decay. 

“It’s an amazing record that’s in danger,” he said. 

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Although supportive of the effort to preserve it, he wants to see the job done correctly, which would require a “lot of planning.”

“Being an archeologist that’s interested in data, rather than just objects, I would say removing it without doing more detailed documentation on the site would also put it in danger,” Todd said. “It’d be almost like stealing an arrowhead from a site on public land.” 

I would say removing it without doing more detailed documentation on the site would also put it in danger. It’d be almost like stealing an arrowhead from a site on public land.”

larry todd

There are also bureaucratic hurdles. Extracting objects using mechanical equipment like a chopper is not ordinarily permitted in federally managed wilderness and requires a “minimum requirements analysis.” Non-emergency helicopter flights into the wilderness can spark controversy: That was the case when the Bridger-Teton National Forest replaced the Hawks Rest Bridge, also in the Thorofare. 

Cody outfitter and former Park County Commissioner Lee Livingston is heading up the outreach to the Shoshone National Forest to get authorization. Federal officials, he said, would prefer that the helicopter that long-lines the tree section do so “without a skid touching the ground.” 

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Livingston also plans to pack in a string of laborers and specialists on horseback to use chainsaws and prep the tree for extraction. 

“I just think it’s very important,” he told WyoFile. “We need to get it out of there before it rots away.” 

Whether that happens anytime soon will depend in part on the Wyoming Legislature. 

Influential players within the majority-holding Wyoming Freedom Caucus urged a no vote in response to Winter’s $35,000 budget request on the House floor. 

“I’m not opposed to the concept, I just don’t know if it’s something we need to bring at this point in time,” Wheatland Republican Rep. Jeremy Haroldson said. “Hopefully next year, we will bring this as something in our budget. I think it’d be sweet if I could even be part of the team going up in there to get it down.” 

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Rep. John Winter, R-Thermopolis, during the Wyoming Legislature’s 2025 general session in Cheyenne. (Mike Vanata/WyoFile)

But Winter, who is also aligned with the Freedom Caucus, prevailed during the second reading of his budget amendment. The House voted 40-21 to put some money toward recovering the tree. Down the hall, the Wyoming Senate did the same, voting in favor of the investment 22-6. 

“This is critical,” Devils Tower Republican Sen. Ogden Driskill said in support of Hicks’ amendment. “It’s a bug tree, and I think it’s time. We need to get it out. This is our history. This is a good spend of state money.”





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Wyoming Reporter Now Facing An Additional 10 Felony Charges

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Wyoming Reporter Now Facing An Additional 10 Felony Charges


The Platte County Attorney’s Office has nearly doubled the possible penalties for a Wyoming reporter accused of forging exhibits in an environmental case tied to her staunch opposition to a wind farm.

The 10 new counts against April Marie Morganroth, also known as the Wyoming-based reporter Marie Hamilton, allege that she convinced her landlords that she’d been approved for a home loan to buy their property, and grants to upgrade it.

Hamilton was already facing 10 felony charges in a March 9 Wheatland Circuit Court case, as she’s accused of submitting forged documents and lying under oath before the Wyoming Industrial Siting Council.

That’s an environmental permitting panel that granted a permit to a NextEra Resources wind farm, which Hamilton has long opposed. She’s also reported on NextEra’s efforts and the community controversies surrounding those.

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Then on Wednesday, Platte County Attorney Douglas Weaver filed 10 more felony charges: five alleging possession of forged writing, and five more alleging forgery.

The former is punishable by up to five years in prison and $5,000 in fines; the latter by up to 10 years in prison and up to $10,000 in fines.

Hamilton faces up to 65 years in prison if convicted of all charges in her March 9 case. The March 25 case would add up to 75 years more to that.

Both cases are ongoing.

Hamilton did not immediately respond to a voicemail request for comment left Thursday afternoon on her cellphone. She bonded out of jail earlier this month. The Platte County Detention Center said Thursday it does “not have her here.” 

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The Investigative Efforts Of Benjamin Peech

Converse County Sheriff’s Lt. Benjamin Peech investigated both cases at the request of Platte County authorities, court documents say.

When he was investigating evidence that Hamilton submitted forged documents and lied under oath for Industrial Siting Council proceedings, Peech also pursued Hamilton’s claim that she owned property on JJ Road, and that she’d bought it with a U.S. Department of Agriculture loan.

The property, however, is registered under Platte County’s mapping system to a couple surnamed Gillis, says a new affidavit Peech signed March 19, which was filed Wednesday.

Peech spoke with both husband and wife, and they said they had the home on the market to sell it, and Hamilton contacted them in about July of 2025.

Hamilton told the pair that she and her husband wished to buy the property and were pre-qualified for a USDA loan through Neighbor’s Bank, wrote Peech.

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But the property didn’t meet the standard of the loan, Hamilton reportedly continued. Still, she’d been approved for a USDA grant to work on the problems with the property and bring it up to the standards to qualify for the loan, she allegedly told the homeowners.

Papers

Hamilton provided the couple and their realtor with letters from USDA showing her loan pre-approval and grant approvals, the affidavit says.

During the lease period that followed, Hamilton was late “often” with rent and didn’t provide the couple with work logs until pressed, Peech wrote.

In early 2026, the lieutenant continued, the homeowners became concerned and asked Hamilton about her progress improving the property.

Hamilton reportedly sent the homeowners two invoices from contractors, showing she’d paid for work to be done. She said the wind had delayed that work, wrote Peech.

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The affidavit says the Gillis couple sent Peech the documents Hamilton had reportedly given them, along with supporting emails showing those had come from one of Hamilton’s email addresses.

The Loan approval documents showed the respective logos for USDA Rural Development and Neighbor’s Bank at the top of each page, the lieutenant wrote, adding that the documents assert that Hamilton and her husband had been approved for the loan.

“There was then a list of items that needed to be completed — 14 items — prior to Final Loan Approval,” related Peech in the affidavit.

A signature at the bottom reportedly read, “Sincerely, USDA Rural Development Neighbors Bank Joshua Harris Homebuying Specialist.”

Grant Document

The documents purporting Hamilton had received a grant also showed the USDA Rural Development logo at the top of each page, with the names of Hamilton and her husband, other boilerplate language and a description of a $35,000 home buyer’s grant.

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The project was about 65% complete at the time of review, the document adds, according to Peech’s narrative.

Peech describes more documents: a January notice, an invoice bearing the logo and name of “Cowgirl Demolition and Excavation, LLC,” and another invoice bearing the logo and name of “Pete’s Builders Roofing and Restoration.”

Real Estate Agent

Peech spoke with the Gillises’ real estate agent, Kay Pope, and she said she’d tried to verify the USDA grant and pre-approval by calling Susan Allman, who was listed in the documents as the Casper-based USDA agent. Pope left several messages without response, the affidavit says.

Pope spoke with Hamilton’s real estate agent, and he said he’d spoken to Allman, and he gave Pope a phone number.

Cowboy State Daily has identified Hamilton’s real estate agent and tried to contact him for further clarification.

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Pope called that number and left messages without response, wrote Peech.

Peech then called a USDA Rural Development office and spoke with a Janice Blare, deputy state director, he wrote.

Peech sent the three USDA letters to Blare and gave her “all of Hamilton’s names and aliases,” he added.

The lieutenant wrote that Blare later told him the USDA investigated the letters and determined no evidence existed to show the USDA had issued them.

No records existed either, of Hamilton “using all her alias permutations” or her husband within either the USDA loan program or grant program, wrote Peech.

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The USDA didn’t have an office at the address listed in two of the letters. The address pertains, rather, to a dirt lot. The USDA Rural Development office didn’t have a program titled “Rural Communities Home Buyer Program” as listed on two of the letters.

On Nov. 6, 2025, the date of the first letter purporting Hamilton had been approved for the grant program, all U.S. government offices including USDA were on furlough, noted Peech from his discussion with Blare.

A person named Susan Allman didn’t appear in USDA’s employee records, Blare reportedly added.

The Phone Call

Peech called the cellphone number one of the letters listed for Allman, “and this was disconnected,” he wrote.

The number Hamilton’s real estate agent had given was a voice over internet protocol number that Bandwidth LLC operates but is assigned to Google, added Peech.

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Meanwhile, Converse County Investigator Amber Peterson spoke with the construction and roofing companies listed in the documents.

Chad Derenzo of Pete’s Roofing confirmed the logo and name listed on the documents were his company’s own — but said his company hadn’t issued the bid listed in those documents, according to the affidavit.

“Their company had never contracted to do work for Hamilton or at the… JJ Road address,” the document says.

The invoice also bore an address in Torrington, Wyoming, and his company doesn’t have a Torrington office, said Derenzo, reportedly.

Jessica Loge of Cowgirl Demolition and Excavation gave similar statements, saying the documents bore her logo, but her company hadn’t issued the bid or contracted with Hamilton.

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Clair McFarland can be reached at clair@cowboystatedaily.com.



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Wyoming State Parks announces pause on potential visitor center project at Sinks Canyon State Park

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Wyoming State Parks announces pause on potential visitor center project at Sinks Canyon State Park


(Lander, WY) – The Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources (SPCR) is announcing a pause on a possible visitor center project at Sinks Canyon State Park following public engagement efforts conducted in late 2025. On Dec. 1, 2025, Wyoming State Parks, in partnership with Sinks Canyon WILD,  hosted a public forum and gathered […]



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Coyote Flats Fire near containment as critical fire danger hits Black Hills, Wyoming counties

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Coyote Flats Fire near containment as critical fire danger hits Black Hills, Wyoming counties


RAPID CITY, S.D. (KOTA) – The grass is starting to return in the Black Hills, but the damage left behind by last week’s wildfire is still visible beneath the surface. The Coyote Flats Fire is now almost completely contained, but fire officials say the work for crews who battled the flames is far from finished.

“It’s been a long week,” said Gail Schmidt, fire chief for the Rockerville Volunteer Fire Department. Schmidt said firefighters worked the Coyote Flats Fire for multiple days as the blaze forced hundreds of people to leave their homes.

Schmidt also warned the timing is concerning.

“It’s early,” she said. “It’s early — and that’s the more concerning part. We haven’t even hit summer yet.”

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Some of the same crews, Schmidt said, have moved from the Black Hills to a second wildfire — the Qury (pronounced “Koo-RAY”) Fire. That fire has burned nearly 9,200 acres and was holding at 70% containment as of Monday.

Between multiple wildfires and routine emergency calls, Schmidt said the pace doesn’t slow down.

“The world does not stop just because there was a fire,” she said. “Life continues. We still have our day jobs that we need to go take care of.”

Another challenge arrives Wednesday, with critical fire danger forecast across the Black Hills and into parts of Wyoming, including Sheridan, Campbell, Crook and Weston counties. Forecast conditions include wind gusts up to 40 mph and humidity as low as 12%.

Schmidt said she believes fire lines are in good shape, but she’s watching the weather closely after recent high-wind events.

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“Saturday night, 50 mile an hour winds — that was multiple days ago, and there’s been a lot of work done since,” she said. “I personally am pretty confident that we’re going to be able to hold this fire through today.”

While spring is typically the region’s wetter season — which can help reduce fire behavior — Schmidt urged residents not to become complacent as wildfire season ramps up.

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