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Anthrax Outbreak In Wyoming Sparks Health Warning—Here’s What To Know

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Anthrax Outbreak In Wyoming Sparks Health Warning—Here’s What To Know


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An outbreak of anthrax—a deadly bacterial disease feared as a potential bioweapon—among cattle and wildlife in Wyoming has killed dozens of animals, and health officials are urging people to take care as experts investigate what marks the first outbreak of its kind in the state in decades.

Key Facts

The Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory has confirmed a case of anthrax in a dead moose in Carbon County, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department said in a statement.

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The discovery marks the first time the deadly bacterial disease has been confirmed in wildlife in Wyoming in decades—the last case was reported in 1956—and the state agency said the moose is “the only documented case reported in wildlife at this time.”

Anthrax has also been found in nearby cattle in Carbon County, officials said, the first confirmed infections in Wyoming cattle since the 1970s.

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The Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory confirmed the diagnosis in late August and said anthrax had been found in cattle from multiple herds around the Elk Mountain region.

Wyoming State Veterinarian Hallie Hasel told Cowboy State Daily at least 50 cattle have died due to anthrax, warning that losses may climb as officials determine the full extent of the outbreak.

Hasel said the outbreak appears to be limited to a localized region at this time and the Wyoming’s Game and Fish Department said it “will continue to monitor the situation and assess impacts to wildlife.”

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Does Anthrax Pose A Risk To Humans?

Though “human cases are rare,” Wyoming’s Game and Fish Department said “precautions are warranted” in light of the outbreak. To limit the risk of anthrax exposure, Wyoming officials advised hunters and the public to stay away from any dead cattle or wildlife they encounter, to avoid harvesting sick-looking animals and to avoid picking up any roadkill in the Elk Mountain area, as well as to wear gloves while field dressing or handling harvested animals. The agency also advised owners of dogs, horses and other pets to keep the animals away from any carcasses they might encounter and urged anyone encountering dead wildlife to take a note of its location and report the findings. Health experts and organizations recommend seeking medical attention if anthrax exposure is suspected and antibiotics can be given as a form of post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, to prevent anthrax from developing if symptoms haven’t developed.

Key Background

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can jump from animals to humans, and its discovery in both livestock and wildlife in Wyoming means there is a risk to humans. Human anthrax infections are relatively rare, especially in countries like the United States, but are serious and often rapidly fatal without prompt treatment with antibiotics. There are four types of anthrax—cutaneous, injection, inhalation and gastrointestinal—which occur when the bacteria enter through the skin, an injection, are breathed in or are eaten. More than 90% are cutaneous (skin) anthrax, which can happen after spores enter through cuts or grazes when handling infected animals or contaminated animal products like hides, wool or hair. It is considered the least dangerous form of anthrax and around a fifth of patients will still die without treatment. But almost all treated properly with antibiotics will survive with symptoms like itchy skin, blisters, sores and swelling appearing around the infection site around one to seven days after exposure. The antibiotics most commonly used to treat anthrax—ciprofloxacin and doxycycline—are readily available and widely used throughout medicine.

Tangent

While anthrax is an infectious disease, it is not contagious and does not spread between people or animals. Infections primarily occur in mammals—often wild and domestic herbivores like sheep, cows, goats and deer—as well as some bird species. It almost always arises following environmental exposure and the durable nature of the spores mean it is practically impossible to eliminate or control the threat of anthrax in a given area once it is established. These features, along with the ability to disperse it as an aerosol, also make anthrax an ideal candidate for biological warfare. It is well-documented that many countries have explored the possibility of weaponizing anthrax and while some have admitted developing weaponized strains, no country is known to have deployed any. Officials worry anthrax could be deployed by non-state actors like terrorist groups, such as through letter attacks, and the CDC says anthrax is “one of the biological agents most likely to be used” in a bioterrorist attack.

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Surprising Fact

Experts appear to be discovering new ways anthrax can manifest in humans, though examples are exceedingly rare. Scientists and clinicians used to believe only cutaneous, inhalation and gastrointestinal anthrax were possible in humans, though they recently discovered a distinct form of anthrax among heroin-injecting drug users in northern Europe. Symptoms for injection anthrax are similar to cutaneous anthrax but can include an infection deep under the skin or in the muscle where the drug was injected, the CDC says, and it can spread faster through the body and be harder to recognize than the cutaneous form. The CDC also warns of another anthrax disease: welder’s anthrax. The agency said the “newly identified and rare disease… has been found in several people who are welders or metalworkers.” It can cause severe pneumonia and be fatal, the CDC said, urging welders or metalworkers who develop “fever and chills with sudden cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or coughing up blood, see a healthcare provider immediately.”

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Further Reading

ForbesWhat To Know About Anthrax As WHO Warns Of Growing Outbreaks In Africa



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Peter Moore: A mighty wind blows in Colorado. But it’s worse in Wyoming.

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Peter Moore: A mighty wind blows in Colorado. But it’s worse in Wyoming.


The biggest wind gust in Colorado history blew through Monarch Pass on Feb. 16, 2018, at 148 mph. Not long after that, I moved here, in part to avoid the hurricanes that were pummeling me back East. Now I experience Hurricane Sandy-adjacent conditions while taking mail from my mailbox on random Tuesdays in Fort Collins. 

I liked to think that our National Weather Service would at least give me fair warning for wind events. But now the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder is being dismantled for parts.

(Peter Moore, Special to The Colorado Sun)

That very building got smacked with a 113-mph gust on Dec. 19, two days after Peak 6 at Brekenfridge was hit with a Polar Express clocked at 124 mph. If there had been any snow, I might have been skiing there, caught air off a mogul and landed at Arapahoe Basin.

A cartoon drawing of people hanging from a chairlift that has been blown upside down
(Peter Moore, Special to The Colorado Sun)

Little known fact: Colorado’s breezes are actually under the control of the four Greek gods of wind, plus their local representatives. No wonder it’s so breezy here!

A cartoon drawing of a map of Colorado with the Gov. Jared Polis, U.S. Rep. Lauren Boebert, CU football coach Deion Sanders and a wolf characterized as the four winds.
(Peter Moore, Special to The Colorado Sun)

Fortunately, electric company officials employ a four-part strategy when dangerous winds threaten. 

Xcel Energy's safety shutdown strategy illustrated in four panels: A light switch, wind, someone flipping the switch off, and a fourth dark panel featuring illuminated eyes waiting for the electricity to come back on.
(Peter Moore, Special to The Colorado Sun)

Style-conscious Coloradans are learning to cope. 

A cartoon drawing of wind-influenced hair dos and don'ts, including a bald head as the path of least resistance and a lighted match head as an absolute don't.
(Peter Moore, Special to The Colorado Sun)

No one is beyond the reach of wind. Especially not Denver Broncos field-goal kicker Wil Lutz. 

A cartoon drawing of Denver Broncos kicker Wil Lutz contemplating a field goal when winds are blowing so hard the uprights are leaning. A thought bubble over his head reads "I don't feel good about this."
(Peter Moore, Special to The Colorado Sun)

As concerning as our wind situation is, there is one consolation. 

A cartoon drawing of I-25 north, with a green sign reading No matter how bad the wind is in Colorado, it's 10 times worse in Wyoming. Behind that is a Welcome to Wyoming sign, bent over by wind, with the words Road Closed in illuminated lights
(Peter Moore, Special to The Colorado Sun)

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Peter Moore is an editor, writer, illustrator, ghostwriter, co-author, radio host, TV guest, speaker, editorial consultant, and journalism lecturer.



In his most recent gig he was interim editor-in-chief of BACKPACKER magazine. Peter…
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History: Wild Wyoming Winds

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History: Wild Wyoming Winds


On December 17 and 18, the wind gusts in some areas of Wyoming were recorded blowing over 100 miles per hour. In Sheridan County, they did not get that strong, but they were in 60 mile per hour range.

Wyoming is no stranger to wind, in fact, according to several internet sites, the state with the most wind is Alaska, followed closely by Wyoming.

In this history column we will look at some winter winds, which caused damage and in one case, even a death.

This in The Sheridan Post, December 31, 1912 – Gale Breaks All Records; Reaches Maximum Of 60 Miles Per Hour; Buildings Burned Barns Destroyed — Sheridan Escapes by Merest Good Fortune — Rocks Buildings, Whirls Dust Breaking all weather bureau records for wind velocity, a 60-mile gale early yesterday morning kept city and county on the qui vive for four hours and wreaked havoc throughout the Sheridan country. Among the losses reported as a result of the gale are the following:

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Wallop ranch, Big Horn, ice house, laundry and hay stacks destroyed by fire. Estimated loss, $3,000.

William Moncreiffe ranch. Big Horn—Four hay stacks burned, loss several hundred dollars.

Burgess lumber sheds at Big Horn blown down; other small buildings blown down or un-roofed. Fences blown over.

Tom Masters ranch, Tongue River, barn wrecked by wind; frame structure, total loss.

Pass creek ranchers are reported to have suffered heavily, many out buildings and haystacks being blown over. A barn on the E.N. Secore ranch, Big Goose, in reported to have been wrecked by the wind.

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At the Wallop ranch the fact that the wind was from the south was all that saved the residence from destruction. The big barn was saved only through the heroic work of neighbors. The entire countryside turned out to assist in subduing the flames. In one instance, burning brands were carried a distance of a mile across the fields to the William Moncreiffe ranch, setting fire to hay stacks. The fire is supposed to have originated in the Wallop laundry, although flames were observed in the laundry building and a nearby haystack almost simultaneously. A corner of the barn caught fire and the big building would have gone with other structures but for the promptness with which neighbors hastened to the rescue.

The wind swept down Little Goose Canyon and out across the flats with terrific velocity. Malcolm Moncreiffe, who was in the city yesterday, declares that while at its maximum the gale must have blown at fully 75 miles an hour.

Weather Observer Prise is authority for the statement that the maximum reached in Sheridan was 60 miles an hour, and that only for two or three-minute periods. The greatest sustained velocity, for a five minute or longer period, was recorded at 2:45, when the wind attained a maximum of 56 miles per hour for four and a half hours, from then until after 6 o’clock, the gale averaged from 46 to 56 miles per hour, according to weather bureau records. At 6 o’clock it was blowing 50 miles and while calming down after daylight continued all day with more or less severity. While the storm was at its height clouds of dust filled the air, entering upon windows and doors and leaving a trail of work and profanity in its wake.

Residents of the city immediately expected to hear the fire alarm, but fortunately for residence and business district not a fire was reported. Mayor Kutcher was one of those who lay awake waiting for the gong.

Many chimneys belched red, and the fact that the conflagration did not ensue is due to the merest luck. A small blaze on Fifth street was caught before it spread.

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Shortly after 2 o’clock all the lights in the city went out and remained off for more that an hour. Trouble at the Tongue River plant is given as the cause. According to the wind gauge at the weather bureau the gale blew from the west and northwest until daylight when it veered around to the northwest, it reached its maximum while blowing directly from the west. Building were rocked on their foundations and in some cases were vacated by their occupants for fear of collapse. A 64-mile an hour gale was recorded in May of 1919. In January and November of 1811, tbe wind attained a velocity of 50 miles an hour. in December 1907, a 60 miles per hour wind blew in.

As we saw in the above story, during times of high winds, power is often disrupted. In the recent December windstorm, many residents in the Sheridan, Johnson and Campbell County areas were without power for a time. Anything with high lines, such electricity can be affected by the winds.

This from the Laramie Daily Boomerang, Monday, March 22,1920 – High Winds Cause Delay In Telegraph Service – Crossed wires between here and Cheyenne resulted in some inconvenience today and the telephone and telegraph service of both cities have suffered from delay. Crews of men have been working along the line repairing the damage and by late in the afternoon the service was again working on schedule. High winds caused considerable trouble along the line though no great damage to property has been reported.

Although today, most land line telephone lines are underground, and unless a tower blows down cell phone is little affected, but loss of power can create problems with the home internet and wi-fi, as the modems are powered by electricity.

This past year, there have been many instances of semi trucks being blown over the winds. There are numerous postings on Wyoming Department of Transportation website about the interstates being closed for high profile vehicles under 20000 pounds due to the blow over risk. Even train cars can be at risk, and create a risk.

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This from The Sheridan Daily Enterprise, January 9, 1911 –Cheyenne, Wyo., Jan. 9. — Much damage and many accidents have resulted today from one of the worst windstorms that has ever blown over the city. George Garner, foreman of the water service of the Colorado and Southern Railroad, was struck by a boxcar which had blown loose from its moorings and had his arm crushed to a pulp. Harry Long, a Union Pacific switch man, was thrown from the top of a boxcar when the roof was blown off, and his leg fractured.

Judge Clark was literally blown over on the pavement and sustained a broken nose. A number of wagons were blown over in the streets and two drivers were injured. No less than a dozen residences have been removed from their foundations and several glasses blown in F. J. Kihm, manager of a restaurant, lost a considerable sum of money in bills which were whisked from a bank book he was carrying on the way to make a deposit. Telephone wires are down and the service badly damaged.

When most people, especially rural folks, had fireplaces and wood and coal stoves, brick chimneys were often vulnerable in a windstorm.

The Laramie Republican, January 10, 1916 – Chimney Blown Over in a Windstorm – O. Herrlck of Mandel, the ranch man and chairman of the board of county commissioners, arrived from the ranch yesterday afternoon and is spending a few days with his family here. A severe wind storm raged in the Little Laramle valley Saturday, a chimney at the Herrick home having been blown over. There wasn’t a fire in the fireplace at the time and no further damage was done to the building. Mr. Herrlck knew of no other damage in that neighborhood from the wind.

Even deaths can be attributed to the winds.

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The Casper Daily Tribune, February 17, 1921 – Rancher Killed When Hay Wagon is Blown Over in Heavy gale.

Laramie, Wyoming – Feb. 11 – Charles Weisbach, a ranch worker, was instantly killed Wednesday when a load of hay which he was bringing to town was overturned by high wind on Twelve-mile hill, west of Laramie. He was crusted beneath the overturned hay rack and load.

For those folks who work outside, windchill can be dangerous as well, so it pays to bundle up with working in the winter winds.

So, for those of us living in Wyoming, wind is a part of life. We just hope that it doesn’t last for to long.




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Security guard assaulted by Wyoming, Minn., ER patient dies of injuries

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Security guard assaulted by Wyoming, Minn., ER patient dies of injuries


A security guard who was injured on Christmas Day by a patient at a Wyoming, Minn., emergency room has died, authorities said.

The guard, Andrea Merrell, 43, of North Branch, died as a result of injuries sustained during the Thursday incident at M Health Fairview Lakes Medical Center in Wyoming, according to a press release from Wyoming Police Chief Neil Bauer on Saturday.

A 35-year-old Chisago City man is being held at the Chisago County Jail in connection with the death, Bauer said.

Police gave the following details about the incident:

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At 5:23 p.m. Thursday, the Wyoming Police Department was called to the medical center on reports that a 35-year-old man had assaulted a security guard at the hospital and had run away from the emergency department after being placed on a hold.

Officers found the man in the parking lot, where he was allegedly non-compliant and physically resisted the officers for a prolonged time before he was taken into custody.

The security guard was taken to Regions Hospital in St. Paul for treatment and later died, police said Saturday.

“It is with deep sadness that we confirm the hospital security guard involved in the incident, Andrea Merrell, age 43, of North Branch, Minnesota, has passed away as a result of injuries sustained during the incident,” Bauer said in his statement. “The Wyoming Police Department extends its sincere condolences to Andrea Merrell’s family, loved ones, and colleagues, as well as to the staff of M Health Fairview Lakes Medical Center during this extremely difficult time. Our thoughts are with all those affected by this tragic loss.”



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