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Climate impact analysis procedures among recommendations in MEPA work group's report • Daily Montanan

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Climate impact analysis procedures among recommendations in MEPA work group's report • Daily Montanan


The Montana Department of Environmental Quality and Environmental Quality Council might soon analyze climate impacts from energy projects in order to uphold Montanans’ constitutional right to a clean and healthful environment, according to draft recommendations from a workgroup.

The group of 20 people that are looking into ways to clarify and update the Montana Environmental Policy Act was convened in January by the Department of Environmental Quality and consists of lawmakers, energy industry representatives, environmental and conservation groups, tribes, environmental studies experts, and private citizens.

MEPA is a statute passed by Montana lawmakers in 1971 to ensure the legislature is fully considering the environmental impacts of state actions, and is passing laws that uphold the Montana Constitution’s protections of a clean and healthful environment and that the public is informed of them.

Judge Kathy Seeley asks DEQ Director Chris Dorrington a question during his testimony in the Held v. Montana case on Monday, June 19, 2023. (Photo by Blair Miller, Daily Montanan)

The work group’s task is to review how, and if, MEPA should be updated to clarify its role in both protecting the environment and permitting decisions, as well as to try to kickstart methods by which the DEQ can analyze greenhouse gas emissions and climate impacts from projects while the Held v. Montana appeal is decided by the Montana Supreme Court this summer.

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Last August, Judge Kathy Seeley found a legislative “limitation” to MEPA, which prohibited the state from considering greenhouse gas emissions or climate impacts when permitting energy and mining projects, was unconstitutional because it violated Montanans’ rights to a clean and healthful environment.

The DEQ released the working group’s 40-page draft report last week, and the full group met Wednesday in what was its second-to-last meeting to discuss the recommendations, voice any dissent, and suggest any final tweaks as the department finalizes the report next week. The full group is set to meet one final time on June 27 to sign off on the report.

“I think we’ve landed on a set of recommendations that really reflected the challenges that I feel in MEPA,” said DEQ Director Chris Dorrington. “I don’t agree with all the recommendations as they all come out, I’m just going to be honest. I think there are still things that are very challenging for the agency to both view and implement, and I think that’s fair, too.”

How the report will be utilized

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The meeting showed some hardened divides – especially between conservation groups and energy groups – remain about MEPA’s role in the permitting process, how the courts have interpreted challenges under MEPA, how to best analyze emissions and climate impacts, whether the legislature is fulfilling its duties to the constitution and the environment, and what might become reality out from the recommendations.

The working group was divided into three subgroups — climate analysis, MEPA process and applicability, and public engagement and education. Each group developed a list of challenges that needed to be addressed and multiple recommendations on how to do so, which are compiled in the final report.

Subgroup recommends outline to perform climate analyses

MEPA and its underlying permitting statutes are key in determining whether some of the most controversial projects — including mines, power plants like the one NorthWestern Energy is building in Laurel, gravel pits, and wastewater pools — receive permits from the state based on their expected impacts to the environment and nearby residents.

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The climate analysis subgroup’s challenge was finding a way for DEQ and other agencies to develop a short-term outline of how they could perform climate analyses in the MEPA process while the Held appeal is still pending and before the legislature convenes next January. The Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in the case on July 10.

The subgroup came up with two recommendations. The first says the DEQ should draft an interim study bill asking the Environmental Quality Council to look at different models to analyze climate impacts and a statutory framework that will hold up regardless of how the court rules in Held.

An aerial view of a natural gas fired electrical generation station being built near the Yellowstone River in Laurel, Montana. (Photo by Ed Saunders, used with permission).

“While the Legislature will likely contemplate other MEPA legislation in 2025, this interim study can encourage legislators from both sides of the aisle to have an open mind and thoughtfully weigh the pros and cons to certain approaches on climate analysis,” the draft report says.

The second says DEQ should consider “the reasonably foreseeable (greenhouse gas) emissions of a proposed action” alongside a no-action alternative and “any reasonable alternatives.”

The draft report says the DEQ should assume that either part or all of Seeley’s decision in Held will be upheld by the Supreme Court and should take the time before the decision comes down to estimate costs of those analyses, how many employees it might need to perform them, and to study how other states or municipalities perform climate analyses.

But the report also notes there is disagreement about what type of climate analyses should be used by the state, a risk of litigation over which are chosen, and that the Republican-supermajority legislature – which strengthened the prohibition on climate analysis during last year’s session ahead of the Held trial – has “strong feelings” about climate analyses. 

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There was some disagreement about what the DEQ could do on its own without guidance from the legislature next year, and whether an interim study would be effective. 

“I think we’re going to still be talking about climate analysis in two years, in four years, in 10 years. That doesn’t mean there won’t be action, but this won’t be decided on one point and then never discussed again,” Bennion said.

Report recommends more clarity on MEPA process for public

The public engagement, education and outreach subgroup found the department needed to better clarify for the public what type of public meetings should be held  for various types of projects to cut down on confusion and set expectations from the beginning.

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It also found that over the years, the legislature has not funded the EQC adequately enough to continue internal education and training on MEPA, nor updated resources for the public about how the process works. The group recommended adding at least one full-time staffer who could perform such work.

The group also recommended clarifying what type of comments the DEQ is asking for when it comes to the public review process and suggested building a clearinghouse of educational materials on MEPA on the DEQ’s website to make the laws more readily understandable.

The MEPA process and applicability subgroup found there needs to be a better public understanding of the types of actions, assessments, and reviews are required under MEPA.

Recommendation to re-organize MEPA statutes met with contention by some

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But another subgroup also recommended the legislature re-organize the MEPA statutes “to clarify the legislative intent that MEPA is procedural, and distinctly different from the substantive statutes that regulate environmental impacts.” 

For years conservation and environmental groups have argued whether MEPA has been about the procedures for permitting projects or meant to outline environmental policy. 

“MEPA, neither in its original construction nor through amendment was ever intended to provide the substantive protections guaranteed in the Constitution; but rather to provide a transparent public process in which to analyze and disclose potential threats to the human environment,” the draft report says.

The subgroup also recommended that the legislature change the language of MEPA so it “clearly limits the ability of procedural challenges to hold up permits that could otherwise be issued.” It also recommends changing  MEPA analyses so that they include “a balanced view of social, economic, and environmental impacts” – a nod to impacts businesses might face as permits are held up or denied.

Most of the Held v. Montana plaintiffs and their attorneys pose outside the courtroom for photos halfway through the trial.
Most of the Held v. Montana plaintiffs and their attorneys pose outside the courtroom for photos halfway through the trial. (Photo by Blair Miller, Daily Montanan)

The report notes some of the subgroup members disagreed about whether the legislature needed to re-write the laws, but Darryl James, a consultant for energy companies who co-led the subgroup, said the act should merely specify the procedures the agency must follow.

The Montana Environmental Information Center’s Anne Hedges told him the group would write a strong dissent to the recommendation and that she believed the group was attempting to re-write 25 years of case law and “trying to pretend those (court) decisions didn’t happen.”

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Montana Trout Unlimited’s Clayton Elliott broke up the back-and-forth between the two by suggesting the work group should consider more public outreach before moving to have the legislature reorganize or re-write the laws.

“When I read your recommendation, it sort of seems like we’re pursuing the most aggressive treatment for the problem rather than starting with aspirin,” Elliott said.

James said he agreed more outreach should be the first step before putting pen to paper on those plans.

The work group will have to send their written dissents and opinions to DEQ by the end of the week for those to go into the final report, which will likely be released to the public by the end of next week.

The public comment portal for the draft report will remain open until June 17 for people to submit their own thoughts on the proposals, and the group is set to meet at 4 p.m. on June 27 to sign off on the report.

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Montana Vista residents confront ‘Pecos West’ developers in tense meeting

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Montana Vista residents confront ‘Pecos West’ developers in tense meeting


EL PASO, Texas (KTSM) —  Following widespread neighborhood concerns first reported by KTSM 9 News on Friday, residents of the Montana Vista area came face-to-face with developers of the proposed “Pecos West” transmission line project on Saturday morning, May 9 during a community meeting held at the Montana Vista Community Center.

The multi-million dollar project, spearheaded by power grid developer Grid United, aims to build a massive transmission line connecting the El Paso area to southeastern New Mexico.

While developers tout the project as a crucial link to prevent grid bottlenecks, families living in the path of the proposed line continue to voice mounting frustration and distrust over how the land acquisition is being handled.

On Friday, Grid United released a statement to KTSM insisting their one-on-one land negotiations were conducted out of respect for private property rights. But at Saturday’s community gathering, residents and advocates made it clear they aren’t buying it.

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“People are afraid. I’m not afraid. I’m angry,” said Armando Rodriguez, president of the Union of Montana Vista Landowners, who previously said that developers had been quietly approaching his neighbors for months with varying buyout offers.

Only about a dozen residents and advocates attended the weekend meeting, but they loudly questioned why the company spent the past year approaching landowners individually rather than addressing the community as a whole. 

During the exchange, project officials admitted they have already acquired about 50 percent of the properties in the impacted area. Grid United later clarified to KTSM that the exact number fluctuates frequently, just like the proposed route.

Community organizers argued that the company’s isolated approach leaves residents vulnerable and misinformed.

“When a company like this turns up and says, ‘We’re going to buy your property.’ We must ensure that community members understand that they have the right to say no, or that they have the right to negotiate a higher value,” said Veronica Carbajal, an organizer with the Sembrando Esperanza Coalition.

Carbajal highlighted that the lack of widespread notification and a standardized compensation formula is creating deep unease.

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“They’ve already bought properties, but they have not established notification to every resident that will be impacted, nor have they set up a formula for compensation,” Carbajal said. “So what we can see online through the title transfers is that there is a very wide distinction between how much people are being paid. We don’t want the community to be divided. We also want people to understand that this is voluntary. They do not have to sell if they don’t want to.”

A major point of contention at Saturday’s meeting was the threat of eminent domain. Grid United explained that, as a private company, they do not possess eminent domain authority, insisting that if a landowner refuses to sell, the company will simply find an alternative route.

“At Pecos West we’re very landowner-first approach,” said Alexis Marquez, Pecos West community relations manager. “So if a landowner does not want (the transmission line) on the property, then we would find alternative routes.”

But Rodriguez remains highly skeptical that the developers would simply walk away from targeted plots.

“A corporation as big as you, a multi-million dollar corporation, I find it hard to believe that you would invest money into something this big and just walk away if the family said, ‘No, I don’t want to sell it,’” Rodriguez told officials during the meeting. “The question is: Are you really serious about what you’re saying here? Or is this just another dog and pony show?”

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Project leaders conceded they need to adjust their efforts in engaging and informing the community, promising more meetings to come. However, residents emphasized that trust is currently broken and will only be rebuilt with concrete action.

El Paso County Commissioner Jackie Butler, who helped organize the meeting, said the County has no power to halt the proposed project, but she said she has been communicating with project officials and is trying to connect them with community advocacy organizations. 

“I learned very quickly that the County does not have any authority or permitting process to stop these kinds of projects. And so that’s when I started connecting Pecos West to community members so that they could get directly involved,” Butler said. “My questions to Pecos West have been, Why do you have to come through our community? And even if you have to build through our region, you should go around it.” 

Moving forward, the residents in attendance made it clear they do not intend to sell their property. They are demanding Grid United bring all impacted neighbors to the table as a collective before any more land is purchased.

If the project continues to move forward, construction is not expected to begin until the mid-2030s.

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Montana Lottery Mega Millions, Big Sky Bonus results for May 8, 2026

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The Montana Lottery offers multiple draw games for those aiming to win big.

Here’s a look at May 8, 2026, results for each game:

Winning Mega Millions numbers from May 8 drawing

37-47-49-51-58, Mega Ball: 16

Check Mega Millions payouts and previous drawings here.

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Winning Big Sky Bonus numbers from May 8 drawing

09-14-18-20, Bonus: 16

Check Big Sky Bonus payouts and previous drawings here.

Winning Millionaire for Life numbers from May 8 drawing

14-16-21-43-51, Bonus: 03

Check Millionaire for Life payouts and previous drawings here.

Feeling lucky? Explore the latest lottery news & results

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When are the Montana Lottery drawings held?

  • Powerball: 8:59 p.m. MT on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
  • Mega Millions: 9 p.m. MT on Tuesday and Friday.
  • Lucky For Life: 8:38 p.m. MT daily.
  • Lotto America: 9 p.m. MT on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday.
  • Big Sky Bonus: 7:30 p.m. MT daily.
  • Powerball Double Play: 8:59 p.m. MT on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
  • Montana Cash: 8 p.m. MT on Wednesday and Saturday.
  • Millionaire for Life: 9:15 p.m. MT daily.

Missed a draw? Peek at the past week’s winning numbers.

This results page was generated automatically using information from TinBu and a template written and reviewed by a Great Falls Tribune editor. You can send feedback using this form.



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“It’s Life Alert or rent”: Montana trailer park tenants are on rent strike

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“It’s Life Alert or rent”: Montana trailer park tenants are on rent strike


Mobile home residents in Bozeman, Montana, say they’re being forced to choose between paying rent and paying medical costs.Courtesy of Jered McCafferty

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35-year-old Benjamin Moore has lived in Mountain Meadows Mobile Home Park, outside Bozeman, Montana, since he was 17. This month, for the first time, he’s withholding his rent.

On May 1, Moore received a rent bill for $947, up 11 percent from the month before, and the second hike in nine months—the product of the park’s sale to an undisclosed buyer. 

Moore hung a sign on his trailer that says “RENT STRIKE.” He and his neighbors in Mountain Meadows and nearby King Arthur Park, organized with the citywide group Bozeman Tenants United, are collectively withholding over $50,000 a month from their landlord. 

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Historically, trailer parks have been a relatively affordable housing option—a third of trailer park residents in America live below the poverty line. But on average, their cost of living has risen 45 percent over the past decade. By unionizing, the Bozeman trailer park tenants believe they might be able to fight the most recent rent hike—especially given the state of their housing. 

For years, tenants say, the maintenance hasn’t been attended to: tree limbs hang perilously over trailers, and water shutoffs are a regular occurrence. “I cannot recall a time in the past 20 years where we had three straight months of water and power working all day, every day,” Moore said. 

Shauna Thompson, another resident, calls the water “atrocious…like a Milky Way, like you’re drinking skim milk. It’s very nasty and turned off all the time, without any notice.” And tenants allege that they’ve experienced retribution for maintenance requests, punitive eviction attempts, and unsafe conditions. 

A group of protestors in support of a rent strike rip up rent notices.
Members of Bozeman Tenants United, including Benjamin Moore and Shauna Thompson, rip up their rent increase notices. Jered McCafferty

“It’s really hard on people here,” Moore said. Some residents are “already paying their entire Social Security check for rent. It’s a very poor neighborhood. We’ve got old folks. We’ve got young families. We’ve got working-class people who can’t afford anything else.”

For the past four decades, a group called Oakland Properties has owned both trailer parks. When they learned about the sale, tenants were scared that their parks would be bulldozed, or that their rent would be increased even further, forcing them to move. 

The tenants attempted to buy the parks themselves, but were decisively outbid. The winning bidder demanded an NDA. The transaction should be finalized next month, park owner Gary Oakland said, but residents still don’t know who’s going to own the land they live on.

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This month’s rent hike, Oakland acknowledged, was “part and parcel” of the sale. But for tenants, it’s a catastrophe. On top of the $947 lot rent—more than double the national average—many residents also pay off home loans on their trailers, as well as insurance and utilities costs.

Oakland calls claims of broken utilities “nonsense”: “If it was such a bad place to live, why would the homes be selling for such high dollars?” he said. The rent strike, Oakland points out, is “just a group of people not paying their rent.”

Some people are rationing their medication to make ends meet, Moore said. “There’s one person who canceled Life Alert. It’s either Life Alert or rent, and if you don’t pay rent, they evict you and throw you in the streets.” 

An older woman in a wheelchair with oxygen tubes holds a rent notice and a rent strike sign.
Many of the tenants of King Arthur and Mountain Meadows parks rely on a fixed income to pay their rent.Jered McCafferty

Tenant organizers across the nation have found a foothold in recent years organizing against individual landlords, and Bozeman’s tenant union, situated in one of the fastest-growing communities in the state, is no exception. Tenant unions from Los Angeles to Kansas City to New York have organized to win rent freezes, maintenance, and security in their homes.

Mobile home parks—increasingly private-equity-owned and uniquely at-risk in the face of climate disasters—are organizing, too: a group of trailer park residents in Columbia, Missouri, unionized in February. In Montana, as Rebecca Burns recently wrote for In These Times, mobile homes were already once a site of tenant organizing: buoyed by the state’s miners unions, the first Bozeman-area mobile home tenants’ union won an agreement with their landlord in 1978.  

Oakland says park residents “have been terrorized by the union,” and plans to evict the strikers. The strikers say they’ve retained a lawyer and will fight to stay in their homes.

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“I wish none of this was happening,” Moore said. “Your utilities should work. Your place should be safe. You should be able to get in and out of it. These are the absolute basics, and they just haven’t kept them up. And if you call them on it, they threaten you.”



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