A report released Wednesday by the Montana Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers gave Montana’s infrastructure a “C-,” lower than the “C” grade it got on the same report in 2018, based primarily on a host of aging infrastructure across the large state and being underfunded to perform the upgrades needed on a quick timeline.

The 2024 Report Card for Montana’s Infrastructure showed two categories of infrastructure – drinking water and schools – saw improvements from the 2018 report, though schools still received a “D” grade. Three other categories – bridges, energy, and solid waste – received downgrades.

The report said that $8 billion in federal revenue – primarily the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and 2022 Inflation Reduction Act signed by President Joe Biden – along with $2 billion in private funding and some efforts by the state to fund infrastructure improvements have made a dent in needed upgrades, but likely billions of dollars more would be necessary to get Montana’s infrastructure in a better place.

“We face significant challenges given how spread out our state is and how many environmental threats we encounter across our diverse geography, with minimal revenue sources to pull from due to our small population,” Lexi Leffler, the chair of the 2024 Report Card, said in a statement. “However, Montana’s engineers, agencies or departments, and leadership continue to work to provide an infrastructure network that keeps our residents safe and economy thriving.”

The report recommends the state work to establish dedicated, long-term funding for critical infrastructure like roads, bridges, and dams, saying inconsistent funding has created a backlog of deferred maintenance. It also recommends Montana grow its workforce and educational programs to help bolster the number of workers needed to address the upgrades, and says the state should prioritize climate resilience when deciding which infrastructure to upgrade when, and in what manner that will occur.

“Montana’s diverse geography and extreme weather risks require robust strategies to enhance resilience,” the report says. “Investing in infrastructure capable of withstanding severe conditions, such as improved stormwater systems and wildfire-resistant designs, enhances resiliency and safeguards communities.”

The American Society of Civil Engineers also does a report card for U.S. infrastructure every four years. The last report, issued in 2021, gave the United States a “C-” as well. The next nationwide report will be released next March.

Along with a backlog in many of the categories, the report says Montana needs to look at the future when addressing new construction or fixing and upgrading old infrastructure.

“Montana’s infrastructure must also adapt to risk for extreme weather events, public health imperatives such as removing lead water lines, and new environmental challenges such as ‘forever chemicals’ in water supplies,” the report says.

It also says that funding has lagged for years in Montana and suggests some large increases in money need to go toward addressing certain categories of infrastructure before they fail altogether.

That includes an estimated $4.4 billion over the next decade for bridges, when current funding is anticipated to be around $535 million. The report says the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency forecasts Montana needs about $2.3 billion to address drinking water infrastructure treatment and storage, while it says Montana had been putting around $170 million toward those projects until the recent boost in federal funding upped that to about $250 million a year.

The report says for roads, needs currently outpace revenue by a 3-to-1 ratio, which it says is “jeopardizing the future of Montana’s transportation system.” There are 13,000 miles of state highway and interstates in Montana and more than 63,000 miles of county, municipal and tribal roads.

The report suggests that ensuring a future with good roads in Montana would require increased funding from all levels of government, more preventative maintenance, and more advanced construction technology than is currently being used.

“Without decisive action, the state risks jeopardizing public safety, economic growth, and quality of life,” the report says.

It also said the EPA believes Montana needs about $347 million in wastewater improvements and another $22 million to upgrade the state’s stormwater infrastructure.

Schools and stormwater infrastructure got the worst grades of the 14 categories the report looked at, with a “D” for each. The report says 68% of Montana’s 826 K-12 schools were built before 1970 and that the state’s school maintenance fund had seen falling revenue in the past 14 years.

That has created a backlog for repairs and more modern and energy-efficient upgrades, and compounded with increasing energy costs and declining student enrollment, budgets are tight, according to the report, and schools also need to provide a quality learning environment for their children and may choose that route over funding infrastructure upgrades.

“Addressing these issues requires sustained investment and innovative solutions to modernize facilities and support the long-term success of Montana’s education system,” the report says.

The EPA in October announced a 10-year, $25 million investment in Montana to replace the state’s lead water pipes, including at schools, though the number of them across the state is currently unknown, a state official said at the time.

Stormwater infrastructure received a “D” in part because Montana is so rural and many of those smaller municipalities cannot fund upgrades. The effects of agricultural runoff, which the report says “remains largely unregulated,” poses the largest threat to contamination of stormwater systems and costs to mitigate that contamination could mean even more money is required than estimated by the EPA, according to the report.

Bridges remain a concern, according to the report’s authors, despite $45 million in federal dollars under the Biden administration going toward Montana’s bridges. The 5,200 bridges in Montana are on average at least 50 years old, and about 15% need immediate repairs. Further, the number of load-posted or closed bridges is growing 10% to 20% each year, the report says.

One of the governor’s proposals for the upcoming budget is to put $10 million a year over five years toward fixing 500 bridges across the state.

The category that got the best grade, a “C+,” was Montana’s rail system. Since about 70% of Montana’s rail track is owned by freight operators, the report says its rail lines play a crucial part of the state and national economy.

But it also says that aging infrastructure, a lack of needed safety guidelines, and vulnerability to climatological events like floods, fires and landslides create “significant” challenges moving forward.

“Federal funding and innovative technologies offer opportunities for modernization, but targeted investment and coordinated planning are essential to meet current and future demands,” the report says.

The report calls Montana’s mix of energy infrastructure “diverse” and says it is fourth in the U.S. for per capita energy consumption, due in part to the cold winters, long drive times, and energy production industries. It also exports about 40% of the power generated here.

But the report says Montana will face increasing energy demands as its population grows and that it needs to modernize its energy grid to include more renewable energy. It recommends Montana seek more federal and private funding to do so.

For the first time, the report looked into Montana’s broadband, which received $275 million in federal dollars from the Legislature in 2021, and which Gov. Greg Gianforte and the state broadband office have been working to make accessible across the state by 2030.

It says Montana still lags behind the rest of the country in terms of the share of its citizens who have access to internet speeds of 100 megabits per second, with about 71% of Montanans having those internet speeds at minimum compared to a national average of 93%.

The report, which was put together by more than 20 infrastructure and engineering professionals, recommends that lawmakers, the executive branch, private interests, and citizens work toward increasing funding some of the infrastructure needs to build what it calls a resilient and sustainable future.

“Addressing these critical infrastructure needs will enhance public safety, boost economic resilience, and improve the quality of life across Big Sky Country,” the report says.

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Ever since Congress enacted the Superfund law nearly half a century ago, the phrase “polluter pays” has meant that individuals corporations, or entities responsible for polluting the environment will be held liable for the costs to clean up their toxic disasters.  

But comes now president-elect Donald Trump’s promise that “polluter pays” has an entirely different meaning — and one that’s fraught with creating foreseeable and avoidable environmental disasters primarily by excluding the public from agency permits and approvals. 

As he posted to Truth Social this week:  “Any person or company investing ONE BILLION DOLLARS, OR MORE, in the United States of America, will receive fully expedited approvals and permits, including, but in no way limited to, all Environmental approvals.  GET READY TO ROCK!!!”

That choice of words is pretty ironic given the largest Superfund site in the nation is located right here in good old Butte, Montana — and the toxic pollution that not only plagues the town, but 100 miles of the Clark Fork River, came from mining rock and spewing the resulting poisons on the land, air and water.

Equally ironic and tragic is the fact that since Superfund’s enactment Butte, Anaconda, and the 100 miles of the Upper Clark Fork River have seen hundreds of millions of dollars spent trying to remediate (not clean up and reclaim) the vast scope of the pollution.

How did it happen?  Almost exactly like Trump’s incredibly ignorant offer that if you pay enough, you can buy government approval to pollute at will.  Only here, it happened because the Copper Kings “paid to pollute” through buying, bribing, threatening, and controlling the legislature, judges, sheriffs, and local and state government officials.

The old Butte joke at the legislature back then was to ask new legislators if “they got their envelope?” 

Of course, they’d ask, “What envelope?” 

And the old legislators would say “the one with the money from The Company” – because in fact, the Anaconda Company used to toss envelopes full of cash through the transom windows of the hotel rooms where legislators stayed in downtown Helena.  

No problem with pesky laws when you pay to pollute.  The Copper Kings got the gold, but Butte and Montana got the shaft and pit and poisoned river.  They fled with their fortunes, but here we are, 40+ years into Superfund activities with a projected “end” of — get this — 2038!  

I doubt Trump has ever been to Butte to admire the Berkeley Pit’s 50 billion gallons of toxic water — which will never be “cleaned up.”  He likely hasn’t seen the Opportunity Ponds, either, where millions of tons of toxic sediment removed from behind the failing Milltown Dam are now stored in the floodplain with groundwater only a foot (if that) below the surface. 

Nor, I suspect, has he ever been to Love Canal where unsuspecting residents were poisoned by buried chemical wastes in an incident so horrific it gave birth to the Superfund law because the culprits thought they could get away with scraping some dirt over the deadly toxins and selling it as a subdivision. 

There’s much wisdom in the old saying “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.”  And indeed, in Montana, the idea of “pay to pollute” is all too familiar and the “cure” remains both incredibly expensive and illusive. 

Before Trump goes through with his incredibly ill-conceived and shortsighted plan, maybe he ought to take a trip to Butte and see the results of “pay to pollute” — because here in Montana, we’ve been there and done that.  

HELENA — Montana Attorney General Austin Knudsen cut the ribbon on a new law enforcement training facility Thursday. He and other officials told MTN News how the new space could help benefit officers throughout the state in the line of duty.

From the driver’s seat of a police interceptor sedan, the inside of Montana Law Enforcement Academy’s new Scenario Training Facility is reminiscent of a Montana Main Street.

Joel Wendland, Executive director of the Montana Law Enforcement Academy, says the new facility allows for realistic training like situations officers might face in the field.

“This environment will allow us to introduce students to the typical environments they will see out in their normal day-to-day jobs,” said Wendland.

Attorney General Knudsen emphasized the enhancement of training capabilities made possible by the facility.

“When you’re trying to teach the new generation of law enforcement professionals how to do their jobs, we’re often doing it out in the snow or in the ice where it’s not safe. This gives us a climate-controlled facility to provide training year-round,” said Knudsen,

Knudsen surprised retiring Division of Criminal Investigation Administrator Brian Lockerby by naming the new facility after him. Reflecting on his time in law enforcement training during a speech at the ribbon cutting, Lockerby shared an emotional story.

“I’ve been in law enforcement a long time. When I went to the police academy, and some of you were there when the academy was six weeks long in Bozeman; we had two weeks, one week of firearms and one week of legal they gave us four weeks of training to have the authority to take someone else’s life and one of mine was Jana Rodgers from Big Horn County. She was killed about six years later in a bank robbery,” recalled Lockerby.

He hopes training administered in the new facility might save other law enforcement officers’ lives.

“I can’t help but wonder if extra training or the right training would have saved her life,” said Lockerby.