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Turkey vultures indicate rodenticide prevalence near Los Angeles, California, despite state-wide bans

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Turkey vultures indicate rodenticide prevalence near Los Angeles, California, despite state-wide bans


Turkey Vultures are obligate scavengers that feed upon the carcasses of a wide diversity of species. Credit: Miguel D. Saggese

Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) in southern California are still exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) even though legislation was passed to drastically reduce the presence of these poisons across the state.

This is according to the short communication “Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) from Southern California are Exposed to Anticoagulant Rodenticides Despite Recent Bans,” recently published in the Journal of Raptor Research.

The harmful nature of these rodenticides is what led to their ban in California. If they persist, this could spell trouble for additional non-target wildlife species, including those with an endangered status like the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia).

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Anticoagulant rodenticides cause system failure in animals by interfering with the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in the liver. This is true for rats as well as raptors. Of the non-target wildlife species that encounter ARs, raptors are disproportionately harmed because toxins accumulate as they move up the food web, reaching their highest levels in top predators.

In southern California there are three especially vulnerable raptor species for which this is of immediate concern: the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia), White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus), and the well-known scavenging California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus), the latter of which already faces constant health risk from residual lead shot fragments inside carcasses on the landscape.

Turkey Vultures possess a suite of characteristics that make them uniquely representative of poison accumulation in their environments. They are more widely distributed than many of their raptor cousins, including the California Condor. They also cruise over large swaths of land encompassing many different habitats and consume a wide variety of prey items. These qualities make them important sentinels in the world of raptor toxicology. The field focused on identifying primary toxicants threatening raptor populations.

  • Turkey vultures indicate rodenticide prevalence near Los Angeles, California, despite state-wide bans
    Wing-tagged Turkey Vultures are easily identified from a distance. Credit: Miguel D. Saggese
  • Turkey vultures indicate rodenticide prevalence near Los Angeles, California, despite state-wide bans
    Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) population are regarded as ecologically extirpated in Southern California. Credit: Pete Bloom

To investigate the prevalence of vulture exposure to eight different types of rodenticides, a team of researchers led by Drs. Peter Bloom, Miguel D. Saggese, and Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati trapped 27 Turkey Vultures in southern California near Anaheim between 2016 and 2021. The birds were fitted with wing-tags and their blood was sampled. All birds were subsequently released back into the wild.

Each was tested for first-generation ARs and second-generation ARs, the latter of which is thought to be more toxic than the former due to its higher strength and slower metabolic breakdown. The results showed that 11% of the vultures tested showed evidence of AR exposure. Although 27 birds is a small sample size, these findings suggest that if vultures are being exposed, other raptors probably are too.

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“The presence of rodenticides in the blood of a few individuals is just the tip of the iceberg and demonstrates that these compounds are still out there. Even a small percentage of exposed wildlife should be considered a loss,” says Saggese, a faculty member at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Western University of Health Sciences.

The researchers recommend future studies focused on comparative analysis of both liver and blood samples from Turkey Vultures because liver, while difficult to collect, provides a more accurate and timely snapshot of AR exposure. Rehabilitation centers care for many birds that eventually succumb to their afflictions, providing a potential source for ground truthing this methodology.

Furthermore, the team emphasizes the importance of continuing to monitor AR exposure in Californian Turkey Vultures and keeping an eye on the adherence of pest control companies to the active legislature regarding rodenticide use.

More information:
Miguel D. Saggese et al, Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) from Southern California are Exposed to Anticoagulant Rodenticides Despite Recent Bans, Journal of Raptor Research (2024). DOI: 10.3356/jrr245

Provided by
Raptor Research Foundation

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Citation:
Turkey vultures indicate rodenticide prevalence near Los Angeles, California, despite state-wide bans (2024, December 3)
retrieved 3 December 2024
from https://phys.org/news/2024-12-turkey-vultures-rodenticide-prevalence-los.html

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2 Northern California universities made U.S. News ‘Best Global’ list

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2 Northern California universities made U.S. News ‘Best Global’ list


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To the surprise of perhaps no Californians, several California universities appeared in the top rankings of the world’s best universities in the latest U.S. News and World Report rankings released on June 16.

Of the more than 2,250 worldwide research institutions that U.S. News & World Report evaluated for this list, six California universities ranked in the top 50 globally, with an even split among Northern and Southern California institutions.

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The 2026 list includes universities from more than 100 countries, with the following countries receiving the most schools in the overall rankings:

  • China: 409
  • United States: 275
  • India: 123
  • United Kingdom: 93
  • Japan: 86

Did your California alma mater appear among the top global universities?

U.S. News and World Report methodology

When determining a university’s placement on the list, U.S. News & World Report considered factors more relevant to research-oriented institutions than to undergraduate-focused metrics like bachelor’s degree graduation rates.

It focused on aspects like academic institutions’ research and reputation, number of publications, the quality of publications and citations. It considers other factors, including location, campus culture, the strength of particular programs, and cost, which are also very important.

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“For students seeking universities with strong academic excellence and global recognition, the Best Global Universities rankings offer an essential comparative resource,” said LaMont Jones, Ed.D., managing editor for Education at U.S. News.

“Our methodology focuses on a school’s research mission and scholarly impact, helping students identify institutions that are truly at the forefront of global knowledge creation.”

Out of the top 10 global universities, two California institutions made the list:

  1. Harvard University
  2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  3. Stanford University
  4. University of Oxford
  5. University of Cambridge
  6. Tsinghua University
  7. University of California Berkeley
  8. Yale University
  9. University College London
  10. Columbia University

How did California colleges rank in U.S. News and World Report’s Best Global Universities 2026 list?

Outside of the top 10 universities, California saw a handful of other institutions rank highly on U.S. News & World Report list.

Notably, the University of California – Los Angeles just missed the top 10 list, ultimately ranking as the 11th-best global university and the second-best public institution on the list. It was beaten out as the best public institution by its academic counterpart, the University of California, Berkeley, which was ranked the 7th-best global university.

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Additionally, a number of University of California schools made the top of the list, ultimately reaffirming the quality of the institutions’ public campuses across the state.

“Research from the University of California is vital to work that benefits all Americans, from breakthroughs in the treatment of Parkinson’s to the science behind previously unimagined successes in fighting cancer and the development of quantum computers that will enable the critical advances of the 21st century,” the University of California said in a press release about its rankings.

Here’s the list of California universities that made the top 100 list:

  • 3. Stanford University
  • 7. University of California Berkeley
  • 11. University of California – Los Angeles
  • 22. University of California – San Francisco
  • 23. (Tied) California Institute of Technology
  • 23. (Tied) University of California – San Diego
  • 74. University of Southern California
  • 95. University of California – Davis
  • 99. University of California – Irvine
  • 100. University of California – Santa Barbara

Noe Padilla is a Northern California Reporter for USA Today. Contact him at npadilla@usatodayco.com, follow him on X @1NoePadilla or on Bluesky @noepadilla.bsky.socialSign up for the TODAY Californian newsletter or follow us on Facebook at TODAY Californian.



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Is California’s ‘Big One’ coming soon? Maps show growing danger.

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Is California’s ‘Big One’ coming soon? Maps show growing danger.


The most significant seismic event in California’s history – an earthquake of 7.9 magnitude – occurred in 1857 and ruptured about 225 miles on the San Andreas Fault. That earthquake, dubbed the last “Big One,” killed two people and produced shaking that lasted between one and three minutes.

Since then, California has exploded in population and been has been rattled by many major earthquakes. But Californians have also grown familiar with the existential dread of another “Big One” looming.

Researchers have long warned there will be another massive earthquake in Southern California. They just don’t know when.

A recent study says warning signs continue to grow in 2026. The San Andreas and San Jacinto fault systems have reached the highest stress levels seen in the past 1,000 years, according to a study conducted at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

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The San Andreas fault runs throughout the state, passing through San Francisco and San Bernardino, while the San Jacinto fault is in Southern California and runs through Riverside, San Diego and Imperial Counties.

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Why the San Andreas Fault is so risky

Faults rupture on the San Andreas Fault approximately every 150 years, according to UCLA professor Jonathan Stewart, who studies earthquake engineering.

But it’s been over 300 years since the last “large rupture” occurred south of the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake, Stewart said. “As far we know it didn’t produce a large rupture since around 1690. To the present that’s a lot more than 150 years, so there’s a lot of build-up. That doesn’t mean it’s going to happen immediately, it just means there is more stress built-up.”

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When the earthquake happens, it is likely to cause a lot of damage. One major concern is the state’s water systems.

“An earthquake like this would rupture most, if not all of the major aqueducts bringing water into Southern California,” Stewart said. “Most people will not be in a collapsed structure after this earthquake, but everybody’s going to be affected by water problems.”

Study highlights longstanding risk

To investigate the probability of an earthquake occurring, researchers built a physics-based simulation and fed it the earthquake history from the region. By doing so, they were able to estimate how much stress has built up along the southern San Andreas and San Jacinto fault systems.

The results suggest that catastrophe may be near.

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“Right now, with stress at historically high levels across the region and more than 160 years elapsed since the last major rupture, the system is in a critically loaded state,” lead author Liliane Burkhard said.

Most importantly, the Cajon Pass, at the junction of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults, could facilitate a joint rupture of the two faults. This scenario, according to the study, would probably be “significantly more damaging” than a single-fault event.

How is earthquake safety considered?

Seismic hazard assessments are critical for the safety of the millions of residents in California’s densely-populated and earthquake-prone areas.

Seismic Hazard maps show the relative hazard associated with earthquakes using information on past faults, the behavior of seismic waves and the near-surface conditions of specific locations, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

Larger values indicate a stronger level of earthquake shaking. A peak ground velocity of 269 cm/sec would correspond to extreme shaking and heavy damage. For reference, the largest ground velocity recorded in Taiwan’s 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake reached 318 cm/sec and had a magnitude of 6.7.

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That earthquake killed more than 2,000 people and incurred approximately $14 billion in damage.

How do the fault lines rupture?

The San Andreas and San Jacinto faults are strike-slip faults, which typically cause horizontal displacement. Both faults comprise the geologic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.

If a major earthquake occurs on the San Andreas fault, it is likely to produce surface rupture, which occurs when a fault breaks through to the surface. Most earthquakes, however, do not produce surface rupture, according to USGS.

In a major rupture, strong shaking could cause severe damage near the fault and in areas built on soft or water-saturated soils, which can amplify shaking. Rupture can directly offset roads, buildings, and other structures that span the fault trace.

Although the study helps explain the risk associated with the California fault lines, Burkhard emphasized that it shouldn’t serve as a forecast.

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“This is not a prediction of when an earthquake will happen,” Burkhard said. “However, studies like this are important contributions to national and global earthquake hazard research in that we are using rigorous, quantitative science to better understand the risk facing millions of people.”

Contributing: Brandi D. Addison, USA TODAY NETWORK



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California lawmakers seek $32M to combat invasive pest found on grapevines sold at Costco

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California lawmakers seek M to combat invasive pest found on grapevines sold at Costco


California lawmakers are now asking the federal government for more than $32 million in emergency funding to stop the spread of an invasive insect that was recently discovered on grapevines sold at Costco stores across the state.

The request comes about a month after Fresno County agricultural officials discovered grapevine plants infested with the glassy-winged sharpshooter, a pest capable of spreading Pierce’s Disease, a deadly infection that can kill grapevines.

In a letter sent to U.S. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins, Sens. Adam Schiff and Alex Padilla joined Reps. Mike Thompson, David Valadao and other members of California’s congressional delegation in requesting $32.2 million in emergency funding to contain and eradicate the pest.

[RELATED] Fresno County grapevine plants shipped to Costco were infested with bugs

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Lawmakers say the infected nursery stock was identified Mat 19 by the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the Fresno County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office.

The plants had been distributed to Costco stores in more than two dozen California counties before being sold to customers.

Officials believe some of the infested plants have since been transported to homes in at least 38 counties across the state.

The movement of infested nursery stock into and near key grape-producing regions, including areas critical to California’s winegrape and fresh table grape production, significantly elevates the urgency of this response.

The glassy-winged sharpshooter feeds on grapevines and spreads Pierce’s Disease, an incurable bacterial infection that can destroy vineyards by preventing vines from transporting water.

Lawmakers warned that the pest poses a serious threat to California’s wine and table grape industries.

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According to the Wine Institute, California’s wine industry supports 1.1 million jobs nationwide and generates an economic impact of more than $170 billion.

California also produces 99% of the nation’s table grapes, with an annual crop value estimated at $2.59 billion.

If the pest spreads unchecked, the California Department of Food and Agriculture estimates losses associated with Pierce’s Disease and the glassy-winged sharpshooter could exceed $104 million annually.

The requested funding would support emergency response efforts, including tracing the movement of infested plants, surveying affected areas and expanding trapping programs.

Additional funding would also be used for long-term monitoring and eradication efforts over the next several years.

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The lawmakers are asking the U.S. Department of Agriculture to immediately release the funding through the Commodity Credit Corporation, arguing that the outbreak meets the federal definition of an agricultural emergency.

Growers have already contributed more than $62 million toward research and mitigation efforts over the past 25 years through industry assessments, according to the letter.

Federal officials have not yet announced whether the funding request will be approved.



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