JUNEAU — Lawmaking is an uncertain venture.

Of the 685 bills introduced in the two-year legislative cycle that began last year, 114 passed. That’s about one out of every six bills.

Leading up to the May 20 end of the regular session, lawmakers passed key legislation, including a balanced budget, education funding and public safety reforms.

But plenty of measures fell to the wayside throughout the session, including a fiscal plan from Gov. Mike Dunleavy and bills to give Alaskans the “right to repair” electronics, ban police officers from wearing masks on duty and scrap daylight saving time in Alaska.

If a lawmaker chooses to take up a failed bill in future years, they must start from zero, going through the entire committee process anew.

“You’re not supposed to get married to your bill, and this is one of the reasons why,” Anchorage Democratic Rep. Carolyn Hall said, describing a failed effort to implement paid parental leave.

Here are several measures that failed to pass this year.

A fiscal plan

Alaska lawmakers have been talking about a long-term fiscal plan for years. Dunleavy, in his eighth and final year in office, proposed his version of such a plan in January, looking to stabilize the state’s budgets in the long run after years of proposed deficit spending.

But Dunleavy’s ideas, headlined by a new statewide sales tax, were promptly rejected by lawmakers, who held only a handful of hearings about the governor’s bill before abandoning it.

Senate Resources Committee members countered Dunleavy’s proposed plan with a revenue package that included a broad rewrite of Alaska’s complex oil tax structure.

But the bill never made it out of the Senate Finance Committee.

In an unexpected March floor vote, Senate majority members adopted one of the provisions from their revenue package: applying the state’s corporate income tax to privately held oil and gas companies that currently pay no such tax. That could have raised an additional $100 million annually, according to some estimates.

But the measure was rejected in the House, and died at the end of the session. With a new governor next year, Alaska lawmakers will begin the revenue conversation from square one.

Electronic pull-tabs

An effort to legalize electronic pull-tabs in Alaska failed in the final days of the session.

The legislation was sponsored by Sen. Jesse Bjorkman, a Nikiski Republican who said it was needed for Alaska nonprofits that depend on revenue from charitable gaming.

“My reason for taking up this legislation was we had multiple kids’ sports charities and nonprofits on the Kenai that are looking to revitalize their ability to make money through charitable gaming,” said Bjorkman.

Dunleavy in 2023 first introduced a bill to legalize the electronic version of the paper pull-tabs. Revenue from pull-tabs purchases help subsidize Alaska nonprofits under existing law.

This year’s bill passed the Senate earlier this month, but never made it to a floor vote in the House. Bjorkman said that’s because of concerns raised by owners of businesses that sell pull-tabs.

“Some for-profit businesses that operate in the charitable gaming space felt uncomfortable with the focus of the bill being maximizing revenues for charities and nonprofits, and they felt that some of their comparative advantage in that regulated charitable gaming market was going to be reduced,” said Bjorkman.

Asked whether he’d introduce the bill again in a future session, Bjorkman said that depends on the policy priorities of Alaska’s next governor.

“Things have to line up in order for it to move forward, so if the new governor is amenable to looking at electronic pull-tabs as an option to revive revenue for charities and nonprofits, that would be great, but if the governor isn’t agreeable, it’d be pretty hard to work on a big project like that again, if we have to try to convince a new governor or override a veto,” Bjorkman said.

‘Right to repair’ bill

Lawmakers considered a bill that would establish a “right to repair” for consumer electronics in Alaska.

The bill would have required manufacturers to provide consumers and independent repair shops with access to replacement parts, repair tools, software and manuals for products like phones, laptops and other digital devices.

The bill narrowed in scope as it moved from committee, with lawmakers amending it to only apply to consumer electronics, and not large equipment, as was previously included in the bill.

The measure passed the Senate earlier this month but stalled in the House.

Sen. Forrest Dunbar, an Anchorage Democrat, said House leadership decided not to move the bill to a floor vote, citing concerns that it would face too much debate to warrant attempting to pass in the final days of session. Rep. Garret Nelson, a Sutton Republican, planned to introduce a number of amendments to the bill.

“It was the closing days of the session, time is at a premium,” Dunbar said.

Nelson said his intention was not to kill the bill, but that he had a few amendments to address issues he saw with it, including the wide scope of products included under the legislation and potential violations of intellectual property rights.

“I did talk with leadership and I said, ‘If this bill comes forward, I’m going to have amendments. And I’m not gonna back down on this because, the ramifications of this bill, the way that it was written — the language was bad,’” Nelson said.

Dunbar said he intends to bring the bill back next year.

Marijuana taxation update

Marijuana is currently taxed at $50 per ounce of bud, levied on cultivators.

House members considered a bill this session to transition that structure to a 6% sales tax instead, which would move the tax burden from producers to consumers. Supporters of the change argued the state’s current tax rate on marijuana cultivators is too high and changing how it’s taxed would boost the struggling industry.

Ultimately, lawmakers could not agree on what the new tax structure should be.

House leadership decided not to bring the bill before a floor vote because there were disagreements within both caucuses and differing opinions on what tax structure was ideal, according to bill sponsor Rep. Ashley Carrick, a Fairbanks Democrat.

Carrick said she plans to talk with stakeholders in the marijuana industry and further develop the bill, with plans to reintroduce it next session.

“I think that the current excise tax model is killing the industry and the industry is pretty clear that it’s not sustainable,” Carrick said.

Constitutional amendment for dedicated education fund

A Senate resolution would have proposed an amendment to the Alaska Constitution to allow the state to create a dedicated fund for public education.

Resolutions to amend the constitution must first receive approval from two-thirds of the House and Senate before going to Alaska voters.

Alaska’s constitution generally prohibits funds dedicated to specific priorities or projects so lawmakers retain flexibility over yearly budgeting, but the amendment would carve out an exception for education spending.

Supporters said the change could provide more stable and predictable school funding after years of annual political battles over education budgets. Opponents argued that it could open the door for more dedicated funding measures in the future. The measure itself did not establish a new tax or revenue stream, but it would allow lawmakers to later dedicate certain revenues exclusively to schools.

The resolution passed the Senate 17-3 and was scheduled to come before the House on the final day of the session, but ultimately was not voted on.

Constitutional amendment to ease some veto overrides

Lawmakers put forward a resolution to propose amending the Alaska Constitution to lower the threshold for overriding a veto of spending and revenue bills.

The constitution requires a three-fourths vote of the Legislature to override budget-related vetoes, while ordinary policy bills require only a two-thirds vote. The amendment would make the threshold the same for both categories.

Supporters, including the resolution’s sponsor, Anchorage Democrat Sen. Matt Claman, argued Alaska’s current standard gives governors unusually strong budget power and makes it too difficult for lawmakers to restore funding after vetoes.

The resolution passed the Senate 14-6, garnering exactly the two-thirds majority needed to pass a proposed constitutional amendment. But the bill did not receive a hearing in House Finance Committee, its last stop before a House floor vote.

Mental health crisis services funding

House members proposed a funding system for behavioral health crisis services in Alaska. The proposal would fund the national 988 suicide and crisis hotline and other behavioral health treatment systems.

Supporters said Alaska lacks enough long-term funding for crisis response infrastructure, especially in rural areas, and argued stronger behavioral health systems could reduce strain on hospitals and law enforcement.

The bill ultimately stalled in the House Finance Committee before coming to a floor vote.

Requiring insurance to cover yearlong birth control supply

Lawmakers again introduced legislation requiring insurers to cover up to a 12-month supply of prescription birth control at one time. A similar bill passed the Legislature two years ago but was vetoed Dunleavy, who said that the bill was “bad policy” and that contraceptives are already widely available.

Supporters say allowing patients to receive a full year’s supply improves consistent contraceptive access, especially for people in rural Alaska or those who face transportation and pharmacy barriers.

The bill got the green light from the Senate Health and Social Services Committee, but never came up for a hearing in the Senate Labor and Commerce Committee.

Banning on-duty law enforcement officers from wearing masks

House members considered a bill that would have prohibited on-duty law enforcement officers in Alaska from masking their faces, with exceptions for situations such as medical protection or subfreezing temperatures.

Rep. Sara Hannan, a Juneau Democrat, introduced the bill at the start of session in the wake of Trump administration immigration raids and arrests across the country, during which agents from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement masked their faces to hide their identity from the public.

Supporters of the bill said visible identification is important for public trust and accountability, especially during protests or crowd-control situations like the circumstances leading up to two high-profile shootings of U.S. citizens in Minneapolis.

Opponents, such as Anchorage Police Chief Sean Case, said the bill sent a message to law enforcement that they cannot govern themselves, and he said that clear identification is already a practice among Alaska law enforcement.

The legislation ultimately stalled in the House Judiciary Committee, its second committee.

Daylight saving time

The latest of many efforts to eliminate the twice-a-year clock change stalled in the House in the final days of the session, after passing the Senate.

The key question hampering progress on the policy change: What would it mean for Alaska to be two hours removed from Pacific time for half the year? For bankers and broadcasters whose work depends on East Coast hours, the question is pivotal.

Some lawmakers see a solution in conditioning the elimination of daylight saving time on moving Alaska to the same time zone as the West Coast, an action that can only be taken by the federal government.

It wouldn’t be the first overhaul for Alaska’s time zones. Until the 1980s, the state was divided into four zones.

Until lawmakers can reach agreement on whether Anchorage residents can tolerate a winter sunrise at noon, expect the twice-a-year clock changes to remain.

Alaska’s most recent Democratic governor passes the mantle to a new generation of leadership

SITKA, ALASKA —  Tuesday, Democratic gubernatorial candidate and former state representative Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins received the endorsement of former Alaska Governor Tony Knowles (D).

Throughout his decade in the state legislature, Kreiss-Tomkins showcased his ability to foster bipartisan cooperation, advocate for rural Alaska, and craft forward-thinking, practical solutions — qualities that distinguished Gov. Knowles’ eight-year tenure as Alaska’s chief executive. 

Gov. Knowles’ endorsement represents a generational change in Alaska, passing the mantle of forward-thinking, bipartisan leadership at a time when a majority of Alaskans feel our state is going in the wrong direction.

As the last Democrat to win the governorship, Gov. Knowles’ sole endorsement is also a vote of confidence that JKT is the only Democratic candidate who can win in November. JKT combines a record of electoral overperformance in a Trump-voting district — five election cycles of proven crossover appeal to independent and Republican voters — with a change message that is exciting the Democratic grassroots, drawing young Alaskans and new parents to campaign events, and breaking fundraising records.

In announcing the endorsement, Gov. Knowles said:

For the past eight years, Alaska has faced a barrage of challenges – an underfunded education system, loss of health care, fiscal instability, and an exodus of skilled workers and families from the state.  At the same time, the current administration failed to address these problems, much less move the state forward.  The land of opportunity we know and love seems lost in the shuffle.

While the decisions coming out of the Governor’s office in Juneau affect everyone, those most impacted are the current generation who will be living with the results long after many of us are gone.  That’s why I am endorsing Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins for Governor.  He brings a fresh perspective to the office without forgetting his roots as a life-long Alaskan.  He represents a new generation of leadership grounded in his decade in the state legislature.  He has a track record of bringing people together and knows what it takes to get things done.

Take it from me, winning statewide elections is difficult, but JKT has what it takes to run a successful campaign by presenting a vision for Alaska that will bring lasting change to our state and provide opportunities for all of us.

“Tony and Susan Knowles have dedicated their lives to serving Alaska. Their confidence and trust in my vision for our state’s future means the world to me,” said Kreiss-Tomkins. “The lessons from his administration are more relevant than ever. We need that same commitment to fiscal responsibility and that same focus on all Alaskans.”

“Growing up in Sitka,” continued Kreiss-Tomkins, “ Governor Knowles was an iconic political figure. I remember first seeing him speak when I was a freshman at Sitka High School, when he came to Sitka for a campaign visit. He was a governor for all of Alaska, both rural and urban, and governed with integrity and grace. Tony and Susan are role models whose legacy I strive to live up to.”

Gov. Knowles’ endorsement adds to JKT’s growing momentum, including over 45 endorsements from elected leaders from Kodiak to Kotzebue and Anchorage to Sitka.