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149 million passwords exposed in massive credential leak

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149 million passwords exposed in massive credential leak

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It has been a rough start to the year for password security. A massive database containing 149 million stolen logins and passwords was found publicly exposed online. 

The data included credentials tied to an estimated 48 million Gmail accounts, along with millions more from popular services. Cybersecurity researcher Jeremiah Fowler, who discovered the database, confirmed it was not password-protected or encrypted. Anyone who found it could have accessed the data. 

Here is what we know so far and what you should do next.

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A publicly exposed database left millions of usernames and passwords accessible to anyone who found it online. (Wei Leng Tay/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

What was found in the exposed database

The database contained 149,404,754 unique usernames and passwords. It totaled roughly 96 GB of raw credential data. Fowler said the exposed files included email addresses, usernames, passwords and direct login URLs for accounts across many platforms. Some records also showed signs of info-stealing malware, which silently captures credentials from infected devices. 

Importantly, this was not a new breach of Google, Meta or other companies. Instead, the database appears to be a compilation of credentials stolen over time from past breaches and malware infections. That distinction matters, but the risk to users remains real.

Which accounts appeared most often

Based on estimates shared by Fowler, the following services had the highest number of credentials in the exposed database.

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  • 48 million – Gmail
  • 17 million – Facebook
  • 6.5 million – Instagram
  • 4 million – Yahoo Mail
  • 3.4 million – Netflix
  • 1.5 million – Outlook
  • 1.4 million – .edu email accounts
  • 900,000 – iCloud Mail
  • 780,000 – TikTok
  • 420,000 – Binance
  • 100,000 – OnlyFans

Email accounts dominated the dataset, which matters because access to email often unlocks other accounts. A compromised inbox can be used to reset passwords, access private documents, read years of messages and impersonate the account holder. That is why Gmail appearing so frequently in this database raises concerns beyond any single service.

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Email accounts appeared most often in the leaked data, which is especially concerning because inbox access can unlock many other accounts. (Felix Zahn/Photothek via Getty Images)

Why the exposed database creates serious security risks

This exposed database was not abandoned or forgotten. The number of records increased while Fowler was investigating it, which suggests the malware feeding it was still active. There was also no ownership information attached to the database. After multiple attempts, Fowler reported it directly to the hosting provider. It took nearly a month before the database was finally taken offline. During that time, anyone with a browser could have searched it. That reality raises the stakes for everyday users.

This was not a traditional hack or company breach

Hackers did not break into Google or Meta systems. Instead, malware infected individual devices and harvested login details as people typed them or stored them in browsers. This type of malware is often spread through fake software updates, malicious email attachments, compromised browser extensions or deceptive ads. Once a device is infected, simply changing passwords does not solve the problem unless the malware is removed.

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Researchers believe infostealing malware collected the credentials, silently harvesting logins from infected devices over time. (Jaap Arriens/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

How to protect your accounts after a massive password leak

This is the most important part. Take these steps even if everything seems fine right now. Credential leaks like this often surface weeks or months later.

1) Stop reusing passwords immediately

Password reuse is one of the biggest risks exposed by this database. If attackers get one working login, they often test it across dozens of sites automatically. Change reused passwords first, starting with email, financial and cloud accounts. Each account should have its own unique password. Consider using a password manager, which securely stores and generates complex passwords, reducing the risk of password reuse. 

Next, see if your email has been exposed in past breaches. Our No. 1 password manager pick includes a built-in breach scanner that checks whether your email address or passwords have appeared in known leaks. If you discover a match, immediately change any reused passwords and secure those accounts with new, unique credentials.

Check out the best expert-reviewed password managers of 2026 at Cyberguy.com.

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2) Switch to passkeys where available

Passkeys replace passwords with device-based authentication tied to biometrics or hardware. That means there is nothing for malware to steal. Gmail and many major platforms already support passkeys, and adoption is growing fast. Turning them on now removes a major attack surface.

3) Enable two-factor authentication on every account

Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds a second checkpoint, even if a password is exposed. Use authenticator apps or hardware keys instead of SMS when possible. This step alone can stop most account takeover attempts tied to stolen credentials.

4) Scan devices for malware with strong antivirus software

Changing passwords will not help if malware is still on your device. Install strong antivirus software and run a full system scan. Remove anything flagged as suspicious before updating passwords or security settings. Keep your operating system and browsers fully updated as well.

The best way to safeguard yourself from malicious links that install malware, potentially accessing your private information, is to have strong antivirus software installed on all your devices. This protection can also alert you to phishing emails and ransomware scams, keeping your personal information and digital assets safe.

Get my picks for the best 2026 antivirus protection winners for your Windows, Mac, Android and iOS devices at Cyberguy.com.

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5) Review account activity and login history

Most major services show recent login locations, devices and sessions. Look for unfamiliar activity, especially logins from new countries or devices. Sign out of all sessions if the option is available and reset credentials right away if anything looks off.

6) Use a data removal service to reduce exposure

Stolen credentials often get combined with data scraped from data broker sites. These profiles can include addresses, phone numbers, relatives and work history. Using a data removal service helps reduce the amount of personal information criminals can pair with leaked logins. Less exposed data makes phishing and impersonation attacks harder to pull off.

While no service can guarantee the complete removal of your data from the internet, a data removal service is really a smart choice. They aren’t cheap, and neither is your privacy. These services do all the work for you by actively monitoring and systematically erasing your personal information from hundreds of websites. It’s what gives me peace of mind and has proven to be the most effective way to erase your personal data from the internet. By limiting the information available, you reduce the risk of scammers cross-referencing data from breaches with information they might find on the dark web, making it harder for them to target you.

Check out my top picks for data removal services and get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web by visiting Cyberguy.com.

Get a free scan to find out if your personal information is already out on the web: Cyberguy.com.

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7) Close accounts you no longer use

Old accounts are easy targets because people forget to secure them. Close unused services and delete accounts tied to outdated app subscriptions or trials. Fewer accounts mean fewer chances for attackers to get in.

Kurt’s key takeaways

This exposed database is another reminder that credential theft has become an industrial-scale operation. Criminals move fast and often prioritize speed over security. The good news is that simple steps still work. Unique passwords, strong authentication, malware protection and basic cyber hygiene go a long way. Do not panic, but do not ignore this either.

If your email account was compromised today, how many other accounts would fall with it? Let us know by writing to us at Cyberguy.com.

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Copyright 2026 CyberGuy.com. All rights reserved.  

Technology

Nothing cancels this year’s CMF phone due to RAM prices

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Nothing cancels this year’s CMF phone due to RAM prices

Nothing’s next budget phone is the latest victim of RAMageddon. As 9to5Google reports, Nothing co-founder Akis Evangelidis announced in a post on X that a follow-up to the CMF Phone 2 Pro won’t be coming this year:

We were working on a successor but with memory prices where they are right now, we can’t build a phone that feels like a genuine step forward at a price that makes sense for CMF. As a result, we’ve decided not to launch a new CMF phone this year.

Last week, Nothing CEO and co-founder Carl Pei also said the RAM shortage has impacted the cost of the company’s mid-range phone, stating, “For Phone 4A, memory costs doubled between when we decided to build the device and when it launched. They’ve doubled again since.” According to Pei, “memory is now the most expensive component in a smartphone.” Nothing is far from the only company facing RAM pricing challenges — earlier this week, Tim Cook announced Apple will be raising prices, saying “the situation has become unsustainable.”

While there won’t be a new CMF phone this year, Evangelidis added in his post that CMF still has “several new products launching as well as some entirely new categories.” He also hinted that “the smartphone launch season at Nothing isn’t over yet.”

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China’s brain chip breakthrough raises big questions

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China’s brain chip breakthrough raises big questions

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A coin-sized brain chip in China could help people with paralysis control devices using their thoughts. China has approved a brain-computer interface called NEO for commercial medical use in certain patients with paralysis caused by spinal cord injuries. That moves brain-chip technology out of research trials and closer to real-world medical care.

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Developed by researchers at Tsinghua University and Shanghai-based Neuracle Technology, NEO sits under the skull but rests on the brain’s protective outer layer rather than piercing deep into brain tissue. That design could make it less invasive than some competing implants.

For patients who have lost movement, this kind of technology could be life-changing. It could help restore a level of independence that once felt out of reach. But here’s where we need to slow down a bit. If a brain chip can turn your brain signals into digital commands, we need to ask who controls that data and how well it is protected.

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China’s NEO brain implant could help some paralysis patients control devices, like prosthetic hands, with their thoughts while raising concerns over brain data privacy. (Tsinghua University)

What is China’s NEO brain chip?

NEO is a brain-computer interface, often called a BCI. These systems read brain activity and translate it into commands for an external device. In this case, the implant uses sensors placed near the brain’s motor-control area. Those signals can help a patient operate equipment such as a robotic glove or computer interface.

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What makes NEO especially notable is its placement. Brain-computer interfaces can be designed in different ways, and some go deeper into the brain than others. The company most people know in this space is Neuralink, the brain-chip startup co-founded by Elon Musk. Its implant uses tiny threads that enter the brain’s cortex. NEO takes a less invasive approach by placing electrodes on the dura mater, which is the protective membrane around the brain.

That design matters because every brain implant carries medical risk. Surgery can cause bleeding, swelling, infection or tissue damage. Even a small complication in the wrong part of the brain can affect speech or movement.

China’s approval does not mean brain chips are suddenly available for anyone who wants one. This remains a medical device for a narrow group of patients. Right now, the focus centers on helping people with severe paralysis regain some digital or assisted movement control.

Why China’s brain chip breakthrough matters

The medical upside here is hard to deny. More than three billion people worldwide live with neurological conditions, according to the World Health Organization. That includes people dealing with stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injuries and other serious conditions.

For someone who has spent years unable to move freely or communicate easily, even a small amount of restored control could feel enormous. That is why brain-computer interfaces are getting so much attention. They could give some patients a new way to interact with the world around them.

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Neuralink has already shown what that can look like in real life. Audrey Crews, a Neuralink trial participant who has been paralyzed for years, publicly shared that she wrote her name using the implant by controlling her computer.

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How China’s brain chip compares with Neuralink

Elon Musk’s Neuralink has attracted most of the public attention in the U.S. brain-chip race. Musk has talked openly about restoring movement, helping people communicate and one day addressing vision loss.

Neuralink received approval to begin human trials, and more than 20 people have reportedly received its implant through testing. However, it has not received broad FDA approval for general commercial use.

China’s NEO approval puts a different kind of pressure on the field. It shows that China wants to move brain-computer interface technology into its health system and build a major industry around it.

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This also fits a larger pattern. China has made BCI development part of its strategic technology push. The country wants breakthroughs by 2027 and a globally competitive brain-computer interface industry by 2030.

The coin-sized NEO brain chip rests on the brain’s protective outer layer, making it less invasive than implants that pierce brain tissue. (Tsinghua University)

Why brain chip privacy is such a big concern

We already worry about phones listening, apps tracking location and smart TVs collecting viewing habits. Brain-computer interfaces take that concern to another level.

A BCI collects signals from the nervous system. Today, that may mean decoding movement intent, such as whether a patient wants to move a cursor left or right. But as the technology improves, the data could become more sensitive.

That raises some big questions. Who owns the brain data? Can it be sold, shared or used to train AI systems? Could an insurer, employer or government ever demand access? What happens if a company changes its privacy policy after the implant becomes part of someone’s daily life?

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Those questions sound dramatic until you remember how many connected devices began as conveniences and turned into data pipelines.

A brain chip designed for medical help should not become another ad platform, another surveillance tool or another database waiting to be breached.

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Could hackers target brain-computer interfaces?

This is where the whole brain-chip conversation gets very serious. Any device that connects to a computer raises security questions. A brain-computer interface raises even bigger ones because it deals with signals from your body and, in some cases, the devices that help you move or communicate.

The concern here is someone getting access to neural data, device settings or the commands moving between the implant and outside equipment. Think about that for a second. If a brain chip helps someone control a robotic hand, a wheelchair or a communication device, a security failure could affect far more than privacy. It could affect that person’s independence and safety. That to me is scary.

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Companies building these devices need to treat cybersecurity like part of the surgery, not some software update they figure out later. Encryption, strict access controls, medical-grade testing and clear update policies should be baked in from day one.

And because a brain implant may stay inside a person’s body for years, long-term support has to be part of the deal. No one should end up with an outdated implant in their head because a company moved on to the next big product launch.

What China’s brain chip means to you

For now, this technology is geared toward patients with serious medical needs. So, no, most of us are not lining up for a brain chip anytime soon. But this should still get your attention.

We already give up a lot of personal data through our phones, watches, cars and smart home devices. A brain implant takes that to a whole different level because the data comes from inside the body. That is about as personal as it gets.

Before this technology moves beyond hospitals and medical trials, patients need plain answers before they agree to anything. They should know who can access the data, how long it gets stored, whether it can be shared and whether it can help train AI systems.

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The medical potential here is incredible. Helping someone regain control or communicate again could change a life. But the privacy protections need to be just as strong as the technology itself.

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Brain-computer interfaces, like Neuralink, pictured here, could restore independence for some patients, but experts say neural data needs strong privacy and cybersecurity protections. (Neuralink)

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Kurt’s key takeaways

China’s NEO brain chip could be a huge step forward for people living with paralysis. If this technology helps someone regain control or communicate again, that is powerful. But I also think we need to be very careful here. Once a device connects your brain signals to outside technology, the privacy stakes change fast. We are talking about data tied to your nervous system. That to me is the line we need to watch closely. Brain chips could do incredible good. But companies and governments need clear limits before this technology moves any further into everyday life. The promise is real. So are the risks. And when the data comes from inside your own head, “trust us” will never be enough.

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Would you ever consider a brain implant if it could restore movement or communication, or does the privacy risk feel too personal to accept? Let us know by writing to us at CyberGuy.com.

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Copyright 2026 CyberGuy.com. All rights reserved.

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NASA selects Eric Schmidt’s rocket company for a 2028 mission to Mars

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NASA selects Eric Schmidt’s rocket company for a 2028 mission to Mars

Relativity Space, the rocket company led by former Google executive Eric Schmidt, was picked to launch NASA’s Aeolus payload to Mars in 2028, as reported earlier by TechCrunch. Under a new public-private partnership, Relativity Space will provide the “spacecraft, rocket, and cruise operations” to fly Aeolus to Mars, where the payload will “provide the first integrated, daily, global view of Martian winds, temperatures, dust, and clouds.”

The Aeolus payload will have four instruments on board for studying the Martian atmosphere, which NASA says will “directly inform entry, descent, and landing systems and support safer, more predictable mission planning for astronauts.”

Schmidt, who served as CEO of Google from 2001 to 2011, became Relativity Space’s CEO in 2025, a couple of years after it launched the “world’s first 3D-printed rocket,” Terran 1, which failed shortly after launch. Relativity Space’s larger Terran R rocket isn’t scheduled to have its first launch until later this year.

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