Maine
From drought to severe storms, climate change is a challenge for Maine’s iconic wild blueberries – The Boston Globe
The bountiful harvest — a boon for Wyman’s and the other 484 wild blueberry growers in the region — was a month early this summer.
Growers were ready for it, though, staying laser-focused on changing climate patterns and extreme weather events for the past several years. Cultivators of the wild blueberry, a species only commercially farmed in Maine and eastern Canada, have transformed their growing practices to deal with more heat and swings in precipitation, conducting research on their fields in real time and adjusting timing, fertilizer, and irrigation year after year.
“The crop adapted to the climate in a certain way [over time], but now we’re seeing this rapid change,” Tooley said. “We’ve had to become more flexible and more adaptive in how we manage this crop, and respond to climate change to help the plant thrive.”
Nearby in the field, hand pickers in long pants and wide-brimmed hats swung metal rakes low to the ground, pulling up the fresh berries from patches that sprouted about ankle-high. Meanwhile in the neighboring town of Cherryfield, widely considered the wild blueberry capital of the world, other Wyman’s farmers steered tractor-sized mechanical pickers back and forth across the fields, yanking up blueberry shrubs and catapulting the berries onto a conveyor belt that shuttled them into crates.
The wild blueberry industry contributes over $360 million to Maine’s economy each year, according to the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine. Wyman’s alone, one of the state’s larger operations, employs roughly 300 people year around; employment numbers vary for the other approximately 500 growers.
Unlike the high-bush blueberries found in supermarkets across America, wild (or low-bush) blueberries are not planted; rather they spread on their own through underground roots that farmers carefully manage to encourage their growth.
A resilient plant that can grow everywhere from mountaintops and rocky cliffs to sandier coastline soil, wild blueberries don’t need tilling, and typically don’t require much care at all beyond biennial pruning and swarms of honeybees trucked in to help the plants bear fruit. (Wild blueberries are biennials, meaning the plants produce fruit every other year.) Even during difficult years marked by frost or drought, Tooley said, the plants self-regulate to some extent, with “better pollinator efficacy in fields with more damage.”
Even so, research indicates that the region’s blueberry barrens, places where the fruit naturally grows, are warming faster than the rest of the state. And as the climate becomes not just hotter, but more unpredictable, growers like Wyman’s are increasingly investing resources into predicting future weather conditions, and tending to plants with ever more attention to ensure the fruit makes it to harvest.
“Climate adaptation and mitigation planning … is the challenge of our time. If we want to have a functioning and healthy agricultural system in this country and around the world, we have to be thinking about this,” said Rachel Schattman, a former vegetable farmer and sustainable agriculture professor at the University of Maine, who is working with Wyman’s to model the impact of weather patterns on wild blueberry production.
“If you apply climate change to a market setting … it’s becoming more and more something that farmers think about a lot, and they understand it affects their business a tremendous amount,” she added. “People used to say, ‘My grandfather always started harvest on the first week of August.’ No questions asked, that’s just when the harvest starts. But that’s not reliable anymore.”
Tooley said the shift away from the “calendar method” is industrywide; instead, she and other farmers and ecologists are in the fields multiple times a week throughout the spring, even tagging specific plants to closely study them for signs of buds preparing to flower, and flowers preparing to bear fruit. This year, the harvest in Downeast Maine started in early July and is expected to wrap up weeks before its usual end in mid-September.
While summer weather has varied sharply in recent years — with 2020 and 2022 marked by drought, then a deluge of rain last year — Tooley pointed to three major trends in berry growth that farmers have noticed in the past decade: a longer, earlier growing season, warmer temperatures, and more precipitation. And though that may sound like good news for the harvest, those conditions can harm the blueberry plants, which respond in real time to changing weather patterns.
For example, Tooley said she’s repeatedly observed what ecologists are calling “fall bloom” during unseasonably warm autumns, when the shrubs mistake the heat for springtime weather and begin to flower six months early. Those buds are then damaged during winter frost, reducing the amount of fruit the plant is able to produce the following year. Similarly, “snowpack,” or a layer of compressed snow over the ground, historically protected the low-growing plant from harsh winds and severe cold temperatures. But with less snowfall in recent years, the plants are forced to face the winter elements.
Growers are limited in what they can do to protect the vast acres of land during the colder months, but once spring hits, Tooley said, her team kicks into high gear to try and simulate “normal” growing conditions as much as possible.
“We’re definitely bringing in bees earlier than we used to … and irrigating more,” she explained. “The plant is doing everything it can to ripen and reproduce, and we have to give it everything it needs to keep going.”
Each year holds lessons for the next one. After the first year of intense drought, for example, growers introduced a nitrogen-based fertilizer to the help the soil retain moisture on hotter days. And because of last year’s heavy rainfall, when many of the berries were soggy from overwatering, Tooley said that this year the team is careful to pull back on irrigation on rainy days and adjust the frequency of watering to be more often on sunny ones.
Of course, it all leads up to the first day of harvest, which kicks off a period of nonstop berry collection. And if they get it right, berries abound — so many that harvesters don’t need to worry about crushing a few shrubs in the process.
“We work all year — for two whole years — to make this happen, then we have four weeks to get it out of the ground,” Tooley said. “A lot of people’s livelihoods rely on this, and while we trust the resiliency of the crop, we also want to give it the resources to help it flourish and continue to sustain the people that depend on it.”
Ivy Scott can be reached at ivy.scott@globe.com. Follow her @itsivyscott.
Maine
Educators bring Maine’s Acadian heritage to life
VAN BUREN, Maine — Van Buren’s Acadian Village brought guests back centuries in time on Saturday as a blacksmith worked in his shop while others sewed quilts and prepared traditional French food.
It is northern Aroostook’s first large-scale immersion event. It coincides with the 50th anniversary of the Acadian Village. The village has seventeen buildings, with the oldest dating back to the 1790s, all of which are connected to early French heritage. The village is the second-largest of its kind in the United States.
The Saturday festivities cap off a “Living Acadia” (or “Acadie Vivante”) workshop that brought educators throughout the entire state together to learn about Maine’s French settlers and heritage. The workshop began Tuesday and ends on Sunday. Activities took place throughout the St. John Valley and included history lessons at the University of Maine at Fort Kent’s Acadian Archives, lectures on Acadian identity, French language lessons and cooking in a traditional outdoor bread oven.
Most of the workshop was specifically for instructors, but the Saturday immersion event was open to the general public.
Fort Fairfield French teacher Jonna Boure led the workshop’s activities. The immersion event at the Acadian was inspired by King’s Landing in Fredericton, which includes people acting out several historical roles. Boure has also worked at the Acadian Village for several years.
Boure, dressed in period clothing, said on Saturday morning after showing guests around the Roy House, the village’s oldest building, that everything was going fantastically. She also commended the work of Cindy Matthews, a Waterboro French teacher who also serves as vice president of the American Association of Teachers of French’s Maine chapter.
While Boure instigated the event, Matthews brought her prior experience with organizing institutes focused on studying Acadian history.
Matthews worked with Boure on creating the workshop. She ran the village’s post office during the event. Even the post office was tailored to accurately represent the experience of sending letters during the early days of French settlers. Guests could use hand stamps on their own postcards, and they would later be sent through the actual mail.
Some participants acted out roles based on historical figures and their heritage. Diane Michaud greeted guests in French as Evangeline, the protagonist in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem about a woman separated from her husband following the expulsion of Acadians in the 1700s. Michaud’s husband, Ron, was dressed as his ancestor Pierre Michaud, one of the first Acadians to come off the boat and settle in the Canadian village of Kamouraska.
At the blacksmith shop, Matt Grandy demonstrated how metal items were made using tools from the 19th century.
“The blacksmith was a very important person in town,” he said. “At the period of time when the Acadian Village was starting, basically everything that was metal would have come from the blacksmith shop – your door hinges, latches, the both on the inside of the odor, nails, different things in the kitchen, some of the pots and pans, and the irons in the fireplace.
The blacksmith’s shop, since nearly everyone had to go there at some point, was also a central community hub where people often met and even gossiped about what was happening in town.

“It was a good place for the exchange of information as well as the exchange of goods,” Grandy said.
People have already approached organizers about holding another event in the future, Matthews said, adding that part of the focus is emphasizing that French people, and the French language, is still alive in Maine.
“We want more people to know that there’s living French in our state, not just a historical thing that happened, but that there are still real people who speak French and that this is a place coming to and learning about,” Matthews said. “So, in terms of that, this has definitely been a success.”
Maine
Maine Marine Patrol launches newest, largest patrol vessel in its fleet
The Maine Marine Patrol has launched the newest and largest patrol vessel in its fleet, the 57-foot P/V Allegiance, which will support safer and more effective offshore patrols, according to the Maine Marine Patrol, in a news release. The vessel was officially put into service on Thursday, June 11, during a christening event at Perry’s Lobster in Surry.
“Maine Marine Patrol routinely patrols commercial fishing activity offshore and hauls and inspects tens of thousands of lobster traps annually,” said Marine Patrol Colonel Matt Talbot, in the news release.
“While still capable of supporting Marine Patrol’s mission near shore, the new vessel will better position Marine Patrol to conduct offshore commercial fisheries enforcement, including the ability to safely haul and inspect large lobster trawls in federal waters,” said Colonel Talbot.
The vessel will also be used to respond to search and rescue incidents, monitor fisheries in addition to Lobster including scallop, Atlantic Herring, Menhaden, and Groundfish, and others.
The P/V Allegiance will be based in Boothbay Harbor and assigned to Marine Patrol Specialist Evan Whidden. It replaces the 29-year-old, 35-foot P/V Vigilant.
The P/V Allegiance was constructed and finished by Wesmac Custom Boats in Surry.
“This is the fifth patrol vessel built or refitted by Wesmac and we are once again very pleased with the quality of work and attention to detail by the Wesmac team,” said Colonel Talbot.
The P/V Allegiance is powered by a low-emission Tier 4 Man Diesel V-12 1450hp engine which can cruise in excess of 20 knots. It is equipped with state-of-the-art Furuno navigation electronics, and a heavy duty 17-inch hauler. It has significant deck space and an open stern which will allow Officers to safely handle and set back the larger offshore lobster trawls Marine Patrol Officers will be inspecting. The vessel is also equipped to carry a 15-foot Ribcraft Rigid Hull Inflatable boat on deck, which can be used for at-sea boardings to check vessels for compliance with marine resources laws.
Maine
Gov. Mills to decide on Maine school choice tax credit program
PORTLAND (WGME) — Maine Governor Janet Mills has not yet decided whether the state will opt into a new federal tax credit program that would help fund private school tuition, tutoring and other educational services.
The program, called the Educational Choice for Children Act, would start next year. In states that opt in, individuals can receive up to $1,700 in tax credits for donations they make to scholarship-granting organizations, also known as SGOs. Those SGOs would then award grants to students to cover private school tuition, tutoring and other educational services.
Families earning up to 300 percent of the area median income can qualify for the scholarships in states that opt in.
Under the current framework, donors contribute to SGOs and receive federal tax credits, and SGOs use the funds to award scholarships for qualifying educational expenses, including tuition, fees, tutoring, curriculum materials and educational therapy for K-12 students. SGOs can also use donated money to award scholarships for educational expenses, including everything from private school tuition to special needs services and educational therapy.
Each state’s governor must opt in by filing IRS Form 15714. Once opted in, the state designates SGOs to operate within its borders and distribute EFTC scholarships to eligible families.
Republican State Senator James Libby of Cumberland, a member of the Education and Cultural Affairs Committee, says he is interested in bringing the program to Maine.
“What it really does is it takes dollars that would normally go to pay for taxes and put them directly into education,” Libby said. “The program itself allows for expenditures for other things besides school choice, so the states can set it up the nonprofit to have goals for whatever they want. There’s a lot of good parts to this legislation and I truly hope Maine will get involved.”
Democratic Rep. Kelly Murphy, who chairs the state’s education committee, says she believes the program would hurt Maine students.
“The Education Freedom Tax Credit favors families that already have the ability to pay for private schools at the expense of families with students enrolled in public schools,” Murphy said. “A decline in public school enrollment would result in a loss of state funding for local SAUs, as the costs for running schools continue to increase, putting additional pressure on property taxpayers to make up the gap. This program and others like it would hurt the majority of Maine students, especially those in small, rural schools across our state.”
The U.S. Department of the Treasury is in the process of finalizing rulemaking for the program. Currently, 30 states have opted into the program, and four states have opted out. In New England, New Hampshire is the only state that has opted in so far.
It is unclear if there is a hard deadline for states to opt in, but Mills is facing pressure to sign off this year so the Department of the Treasury can approve scholarship organizations before scholarships become available in January.
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