WASHINGTON — At the least six main teams of victims of the Sept. 11, 2001, assaults have struck a tentative deal to divide about $3.5 billion in Afghan central financial institution belongings they’re attempting to grab to repay authorized claims towards the Taliban, in line with a letter filed on Tuesday to a choose overseeing the matter.

However one other main group shouldn’t be a part of the deal, which might imply some households would obtain a far bigger payout than most others. And the Sept. 11 plaintiffs nonetheless should persuade a courtroom that the central financial institution funds — deposited within the Federal Reserve of New York earlier than the Taliban took over Afghanistan in August — can lawfully be used to repay the Taliban’s authorized money owed.

Nonetheless, the disclosure of the framework settlement raised the prospect of averting a probably ugly combat amongst completely different teams of Sept. 11 victims over who can get the cash. That would take away a hurdle to a legally and politically dramatic try by widows, orphans and different family members of assault victims — together with insurance coverage firms — to grab the Afghan funds.

The advanced saga traces again to lawsuits filed years in the past by victims of the Sept. 11 assaults in search of billions of {dollars} from a variety of defendants they held answerable for their losses, together with Al Qaeda and the Taliban. When such defendants failed to point out up in courtroom, judges declared them liable by default.

However with no strategy to acquire damages, the rulings appeared like symbolic gestures — till final fall, after the federal government of Afghanistan collapsed through the Taliban takeover. As a part of the fallout, the Federal Reserve of New York blocked entry to an account for the Afghan central financial institution — referred to as Da Afghanistan Financial institution or D.A.B. — during which it had deposits of about $7 billion.

In September, legal professionals for a gaggle of about 150 Sept. 11 victims, referred to as the Havlish case, persuaded a choose to ship a U.S. marshal to serve the authorized division of the Federal Reserve of New York with a “writ of execution” to start seizing the Afghan financial institution funds to repay its judgment towards the Taliban, together with greater than $2 billion in compensatory damages.

(A smaller group of State Division victims of an assault linked to the Taliban, referred to as the Doe case, additionally started the method of attempting to grab a few of the funds to repay a $137 million judgment debt in September.)

In the meantime, the Biden administration intervened, saying it needed to weigh in on what would serve the nationwide curiosity. In February, President Biden issued an govt order that invoked emergency energy to grab half of the central financial institution belongings for what the federal government described as a fund to assist the Afghan folks. However the White Home left behind the opposite half of the cash for the Sept. 11 households to proceed pursuing in courtroom.

Within the meantime, controversies had erupted round that effort. One dispute involved whether or not it was correct for any of the Afghan funds for use to repay Sept. 11 households as an immense humanitarian catastrophe is unfolding in Afghanistan. The opposite dispute centered on how any such funds to terrorism victims must be allotted, if a courtroom have been to determine they’ll legitimately be used to repay the Taliban’s default judgment money owed.

Different teams of Sept. 11 plaintiffs cried foul on the prospect that the Havlish group — about 150 folks, linked to 47 estates of the almost 3,000 folks killed — was attempting to take a lot of the remaining central financial institution funds for itself, arguing that the funds must be distributed equally.

As a authorized matter, nevertheless, the Havlish group appeared higher positioned to receives a commission off first as a result of it had a extra developed case — it was the one group that had a judgment in hand — and it was first in line to start attempting to grab the funds. That raised the prospect that the opposite households may obtain nothing if courts dominated that the Afghan financial institution funds may very well be used for Taliban money owed.

The letter concerning the framework settlement was filed by Sean P. Carter, a lawyer representing a gaggle of insurance coverage firms. It mentioned the plaintiff teams concerned needed the courtroom to ship a closing judgment in favor of the insurers, which might account for the rest of the Afghan financial institution belongings Mr. Biden had left behind.

The Havlish group and insurance coverage firm plaintiffs would then switch a few of these funds to the opposite Sept. 11 plaintiff teams — none of whom at present have enforceable damages judgments towards the Taliban — to divide amongst themselves, it mentioned.

The letter to the courtroom didn’t element the phrases of the potential settlement. However in line with Brian Eagleson — a member of the holdout group of plaintiffs, referred to as the Ashton case — the proposed deal implies that the Havlish plaintiffs would hold about $1.75 billion and insurance coverage pursuits would hold about $500 million.

The remaining roughly $1.25 billion would go to the opposite sufferer teams, representing the remaining estates concerned in varied litigation efforts, he mentioned. If the courtroom approves utilizing the central financial institution funds for Taliban money owed, that might work out to potential eight-figure payouts per property for the Havlish plaintiffs, in contrast with potential six-figure payouts per property for the opposite teams, relying on how they determine to distribute it.

Mr. Eagleson, whose father was killed within the south tower of the World Commerce Middle, referred to as {that a} “horrible and unfair deal.”

Mr. Carter declined to remark. However in his letter to the courtroom, he wrote that the proposed deal was “the perfect method out there below the circumstances” to make sure that all Sept. 11 plaintiffs get some aid, eliminating “the chance a lot of them could in any other case face of getting no foundation to take part in distributions of blocked D.A.B. funds discovered topic to turnover.”

Jerry S. Goldman, a lawyer for a plaintiffs’ group referred to as the O’Neill case that Mr. Carter’s letter mentioned supported the deal, declined to touch upon the substance of any settlement or the standing of negotiations. However he mentioned he was attempting to get the absolute best outcome for his purchasers “below the present circumstances and authorized surroundings.”

Additional complicating issues, nevertheless, this week a gaggle of victims of a special Qaeda terrorist assault — the 1998 African embassy bombings — persuaded a choose in New York to subject a so-called order of attachment for the Afghan belongings for a separate lawsuit they’re bringing, one other declare on the funds that might disrupt the Sept. 11 plaintiffs’ imaginative and prescient to make use of a judgment for the insurance coverage firms to take the remaining.