Iowa
Nuclear USS Iowa sub calls to mind Ames’ role in the Manhattan Project | Opinion
Iowa State quietly saved the Manhattan Project, assured an Allied victory and forever changed history.
Watching the young men and women sailors scramble aboard the new USS Iowa submarine as ship sponsor Christie Vilsack announced, “Board our boat and bring her to life!” I wondered if they understood Iowa State University’s role in ushering in the nuclear age?
Did these sailors know Iowa State was the only university to receive the Army Navy “E for Excellence” banner after World War II?
At that moment I reminded myself to send the book, “Wilhelm’s Way — The Inspiring Story of the Iowa Chemist Who Saved the Manhattan Project” to the submarine commander of the nuclear-powered USS Iowa. I wanted him to know how an ISU chemistry professor changed world history.
To understand the story, you need to return to the end of 1941.
Theoretically, the idea of nuclear energy and a possible nuclear bomb had been conceived by physicists. However, to test the theory, thousands of pounds of pure uranium were needed to create the first nuclear bomb. Chemists at Westinghouse and prestigious universities had only created mere grams of not-quite-pure uranium. The newly established Manhattan Project was stalled, unless someone figured out how to purify uranium — and fast.
By February 1942, Iowa State’s head of physical chemistry, Frank Spedding, was contacted by the University of Chicago’s Manhattan Project team. He learned of the project’s numerous challenges, including the need for a process to purify uranium which required a special furnace. Fortunately, Iowa State had such a furnace and Spedding immediately brought in ISU professor Harley Wilhelm, a sharecropper’s son from southern Iowa, who understood chemistry and metallurgy. Though completely under-resourced in a ramshackle lab, Wilhelm began experiments to purify uranium.
Scientific innovation is not always pretty. Explosions and fires seemed routine in the Physical Chemistry lab that summer. But Wilhelm and a team of graduate students kept trying new approaches to purify uranium and learn from their failures.
By August 1942, the first glimmers of success appeared. A 20-gram piece of pure uranium was produced in the lab! The basic process worked. But could the process be made more efficient and larger?
By Sept. 23, Harley Wilhelm and team had done it. He boarded the night train to Chicago, carrying an 11-pound ingot of pure uranium to show the Manhattan Project leaders. Upon seeing this much pure uranium, the director’s “eyes bugged out and his jaw dropped,” according to Wilhelm. Could an Iowa State chemistry professor have accomplished what the best funded private and university labs in the nation had failed to achieve?
To test the claim, they asked Wilhelm to saw it in half to prove it did not have a cavity inside. The sawing resulted in a small fire but showed a pure solid mass of uranium. They sent a portion to MIT to confirm its purity. It was pure.
By November, the War Department signed a contract with Iowa State to produce pure uranium through Operation Quik Phix. In the next few years, the Ames facility, called “Little Ankeny,” delivered 2 million pounds of pure uranium to the war effort. Moreover, the Ames Process yielded pure uranium at a cost of $1.55 per pound, instead of the $1,000 per pound anticipated by Westinghouse, saving the government hundreds of millions.
With the War Department’s gratitude, Iowa State and Wilhelm both received the Army Navy “E for Excellence” banner. Iowa State had quietly saved the Manhattan Project, assured an Allied victory and forever changed history.
On the submarine pier, I listened with pride as Gov. Kim Reynolds and U.S. Rep. Mariannette Miller-Meeks recalled the previous versions of the mighty USS Iowa. When Christie Vilsack charged the crew to “bring her to life!” I knew the living heart of this nuclear-powered submarine beat with the pure-uranium-powered energy and science of Iowa State University and its brilliant professor, Harley Wilhelm. His story constantly reminds me of the importance of university researchers and their impact in times of war and peace.
Wendy Wintersteen is president of Iowa State University.
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When are the Iowa Lottery drawings held?
- Powerball: 9:59 p.m. CT on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
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IOWA — Iowa’s new restrictions on SNAP benefits are drawing concern from advocates who say the changes could make it harder for families to buy food and could put future summer assistance for children at risk.
The state’s SNAP waiver took effect January 1, 2026, limiting what items can be purchased based on Iowa’s taxable food list. While that includes widely discussed restrictions on soda and candy, the policy also affects certain prepared foods, creating confusion for shoppers.
“Something as small as whether or not a utensil is included in a food item actually impacts whether or not you can continue to purchase that item using your SNAP benefits,” Paige Chickering, Iowa State Manager for the Save the Children Action Network, said.
Advocates say the rules can be difficult to navigate, especially for people relying on quick meals. Items like prepackaged salads or sandwiches may or may not qualify depending on how they are packaged.
At the same time, new legislation slated for the next session at the statehouse could make those restrictions more permanent by requiring Iowa to continue seeking federal approval for the waiver.
That’s raising additional concerns about the future of Summer EBT, also known as “Sun Bucks,” which provides food assistance to children when school is out.
“This makes that food assistance dependent on a decision made in Washington, D.C. that is just arbitrary and not really dependent on the needs of Iowans and Iowa children,” Chickering said.
The program is expected to help around 220,000 children in Iowa during the summer months. Advocates worry leaving it up to federal approval of the waiver could jeopardize that support if policies change. They also point out that SNAP plays a major role in addressing hunger compared to other resources.
“We know that for every one meal provided by an emergency feeding organization, SNAP provides nine,” Chickering said.
Advocates say they support improving nutrition but argue there are more effective, evidence based ways to do that without limiting food choices.
For now, organizations across Iowa are working to help families understand the new rules, while also pushing lawmakers to reconsider how the policy could impact food access moving forward.
Scoop: Iowa Democratic state Rep. Josh Turek snagged a major endorsement for his Senate bid from former Sen. Tom Harkin.
Harkin, who retired in 2015, was the last Democrat to represent Iowa in the Senate. Turek is locked in a competitive primary with state Sen. Zach Wahls in a race that has divided major factions of the Democratic Party.
“I have a pretty good idea of what it takes to win an election, and then to faithfully represent all Iowans, not just those who voted for you,” Harkin said in his endorsement. “That’s why I’m supporting Josh Turek.”
Harkin served in the Senate for 30 years and is the author of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Turek, who was born with spina bifida and uses a wheelchair, was 11 when the ADA was enacted.
Harkin is a widely sought after endorsement in the Hawkeye State. His decision to wade into the race is notable because Harkin also has a relationship with Wahls.
Wahls called Harkin “one of my closest political mentors,” and said the former senator officiated his wedding in 2021.
Iowa’s Senate primaries are June 2.
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