Indiana

Genomic tools reveal health insights for endangered Indiana bats

Published

1 year ago

February 26, 2025

Genomic tools reveal health insights for endangered Indiana bats

16S fecal microbiome of Indiana bats (n=56) aggregating at winter hibernacula in Missouri, Fall 2022. (a) Krona plot of the fecal microbiome composition (to taxonomic class) and relative read abundance of microbes in all Indiana bats in this study. (b) Krona plot of the fecal microbiome composition (to taxonomic class) and relative read abundance of microbes in Eimeria-negative bats. (c) Krona plot of the fecal microbiome composition (to taxonomic class) and relative read abundance of microbes in Eimeria-positive bats. Credit: Microbial Genomics (2025). DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001358

How do wildlife researchers know when an endangered population is sick? They can detect infectious microbes in animal waste, but the presence of a microbe doesn’t always equate to impactful symptomatic infections. In a new study, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign researchers have used advanced molecular tools to survey the health status of endangered Indiana bats, identifying microbiome changes resulting from parasitic infections.

The findings are published in the journal Microbial Genomics.

“In conservation medicine, sick patients will rarely schedule a follow-up visit, so tracking the impact of a disease in real time is a challenge. We take a big picture view of microbial interactions at the population level to infer the burden of a disease over time from a snapshot,” said lead study author Andrew Bennett, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, part of the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences at Illinois.

Bennett and his colleagues temporarily captured Indiana bats at the entrance of a Missouri hibernation site, gently holding them long enough to collect a single fecal sample. They brought these samples back to a lab where they extracted DNA and identified the presence of gut microbes and parasites using a process called multiplex metabarcoding. They also documented changes in the makeup of the gut microbiome that corresponded with the amount of parasites present.

What they found was Eimeria, a protozoan parasite that hangs out in the gut and causes coccidiosis, a disease that leads to economic losses in many livestock animals. Bennett says Eimeria can be present at low levels in the gut without causing problems, but research in other animals has shown that stress can cause Eimeria to proliferate, invading and damaging gut tissue and leading to secondary bacterial infections.

“This is where our work adds value. Before, if we just detected Eimeria, we wouldn’t necessarily be able to say whether it was causing problems,” Bennett said. “But by analyzing changes in the microbiome that are associated with Eimeria load in these bats, we gain a non-invasive marker that can help us assess their gut health.”

The analysis revealed that bats with high loads of Eimeria had a corresponding proliferation of Clostridium bacteria, particularly those associated with severe tissue damage in other species.

Study co-author Joy O’Keefe, associate professor in NRES and wildlife Extension specialist, says they can still only guess at symptoms infected bats might be experiencing and whether Eimeria infection significantly affects survival or population size.

“We don’t know exactly what the stressors are that would drive bats to experience more ill effects from Eimeria, but this is the first step to allowing us to start making those investigations,” she said. “This also gives us a baseline that we can relate to other things, like management practices, the number of bats in a roost, and behaviors that bats are exhibiting.”

Study co-author Cory Suski, professor in NRES, points out that molecular tools add a level of sophistication to ecological research, as well as a great deal of insightful information.

“So much of conservation is just counting individuals. If there are a lot, we think they must be doing well,” he said. “So this is a way to ask some deeper questions and get information that goes beyond just counting without having to do crazy stuff or take animals into captivity.”

O’Keefe hopes the research community will use the same approach on other endangered bat species in North America to paint a comparative picture of their health.

More information:
Andrew J. Bennett et al, Molecular epidemiology of Eimeria spp. parasites and the faecal microbiome of Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis): a non-invasive, multiplex metabarcode survey of an endangered species, Microbial Genomics (2025). DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001358

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College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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Genomic tools reveal health insights for endangered Indiana bats (2025, February 26)
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Indiana

Does this diner serve the biggest pork tenderloin sandwich in Indiana?

Published

10 hours ago

March 23, 2026

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Does this diner serve the biggest pork tenderloin sandwich in Indiana?

EDINBURGH, Ind. (Amazing America) — Is a trip to the Hoosier state complete without digging into a massive Indiana-style breaded pork tenderloin sandwich?

The Edinburgh Diner, a classic small-town joint about 40 minutes south of Indianapolis, serves up a delicious version of the staple that just might be the biggest one out there.

Drawing locals and road trippers alike, the menu at this cozy diner focuses on classic comfort food, with burgers, fries & onion rings, hearty breakfast spreads, and hefty portions of homestyle dishes — all for an affordable price.

The Edinburgh Diner’s 16-ounce behemoth of a pork tenderloin sandwich costs just $9.99.

The recipe is pretty simple overall, but there is a whole culture built around the Indiana pork tenderloin sandwich.

A large piece of pork is pounded super thin, then dipped in flour, egg and breadcrumbs. Deep-fried until golden brown and crispy, it’s served on a basic hamburger bun with toppings like pickles, onions, mustard, or mayo.

The thing the otherwise no-frills sandwich iconic is the pork cutlet being way bigger than the bun, hanging over the edge dramatically. Locals say that if the tenderloin fits inside the bun, it’s not done right.

A crispy, salty exterior, tender pork, a soft bun and tangy toppings combine to form a simple yet beloved, satisfying Midwest meal.

Inspired by European schnitzel brought to the Midwest by German immigrants, the sandwich made its Indiana debut at Nick’s Kitchen in Huntington in the early 1900s. Over time it skyrocketed in popularity, becoming what many call Indiana’s unofficial signature dish.

It’s not just a sandwich. It’s a slice of Midwestern food culture. The debate over who makes the best one might never be settled, but until then, we are more than happy to try any and every version of this scrumptious dish — for research, of course.

The Edinburgh Diner is located at 413 S Eisenhower Dr, Edinburgh, Indiana 46124. It’s open Tuesday through Saturday from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. and closed on Mondays.

We know there are plenty of other stories of unique landmarks and cultural experiences in all corners of the USA, and we’re making it our mission to find and highlight them. If you know of one, we’d love to hear about it. Send a DM to @amazingamericatv on Instagram!

For more amazing stories, click here to subscribe to Amazing America on YouTube and follow us on Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook.

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Indiana

New judge lifts order blocking absentee ballots in Indiana Senate primary

Published

22 hours ago

March 23, 2026

Press Room

New judge lifts order blocking absentee ballots in Indiana Senate primary

(INDIANA CAPITAL CHRONICLE) — A special judge on Friday lifted an order blocking officials in three western Indiana counties from mailing absentee ballots in a Republican primary where President Donald Trump has endorsed a challenger to state Sen. Greg Goode.

Putnam County Superior Court Judge Charles Bridges took the step the same day he took over the dispute involving whether one of two women with the last name Wilson who filed to run against Goode in the primary should be removed from the primary ballot because of a 2010 criminal conviction.

The original judge on Wednesday had ordered the county clerks in Vigo, Clay and Sullivan counties to hold off on distributing absentee ballots involving the Republican Senate District 38 race.

Under state law, county election offices must start mailing requested absentee ballots on Saturday ahead of the May 5 primary.

Friday’s order from Bridges said that delaying those ballots would violate federal law and that the county court couldn’t prevent the clerks “from fulfilling their constitutional duties regarding the mailing of absentee ballots.”

Alexandra Wilson’s attorney argued before the Indiana Election Commission last month that she remained eligible since her 2010 guilty plea to a low-level Class D felony charge of resisting law enforcement at the age of 19 was accepted by a judge as a Class A misdemeanor.

The dispute has gained attention because of its possible impact on the campaign prospects of Brenda Wilson, a Vigo County Council member who has Trump’s endorsement against Goode following the senator’s December vote against the Indiana congressional redistricting plan.

The four-member Election Commission split 2-2 during a hearing last month on the challenge to Alexandra Wilson’s candidacy, with the tie vote leaving her name on the ballot.

Bridges set a hearing for Tuesday to review the Election Commission’s actions.

Alexandra Wilson’s attorney, Samantha DeWester, argued in a court filing that blocking mailing of primary ballots would wrongly hurt her client’s “ability to campaign and effectively run for elected office.”

Attorney Jim Bopp, who is a top political ally of Gov. Mike Braun and is supporting Brenda Wilson, is pursuing the legal case against Alexandra Wilson.

Bopp said he would not fight to keep the initial absentee ballots from going out with Alexandra Wilson’s name included.

“The vast majority of ballots that are going to be cast are, of course, in the future, with early voting and in-person voting,” Bopp told the Indiana Capital Chronicle. “That’s the most important thing to get right.”

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Indiana

Indiana police increase patrols on 2 interstates for spring break

Published

1 day ago

March 22, 2026

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Indiana police increase patrols on 2 interstates for spring break

Indiana State Police will ramp up patrols along major roadways during spring break to “deter dangerous driving behavior,” the agency said in a news release March 22.

The effort is already underway. On March 20 and 21, ISP’s Lafayette District patrolled Interstate 65 and Interstate 70 for aggressive driving as students and families hit the roads for spring break travel.

The results, according to police, were 223 traffic stops, 25 calls for service, five crash investigations, five drug-related charges, three operating-while-intoxicated arrests, two reckless driving arrests, two suspended drivers and one vehicle pursuit.“These targeted patrols are about keeping Hoosiers and those traveling through our state safe,” Lt. Tom McKee, Lafayette district commander, said in a news release. “With increased traffic on our roadways, our troopers were out proactively addressing those violations to reduce crashes and keep our roadways safe.”

ISP did not say how long the increased patrols will continue.Contact breaking politics reporter Marissa Meador at mmeador@indystar.com or find her on X at @marissa_meador.

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