Lifestyle
Toumani Diabaté plucked the kora's 21 strings. The world fell in love with his music
Musician Toumani Diabaté of Mali and his 21-string kora, photographed at WOMAD — the World of Music, Arts and Dance festival held yearly in the United Kingdom. Diabaté died on July 19 at age 58.
Judith Burrows/Getty Images/Hulton Archive
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Judith Burrows/Getty Images/Hulton Archive
“He played those 21 strings with love.”
That’s the great American banjo player Bela Fleck talking about his duets with Toumani Diabaté of Mali — including the crowd-pleaser “Dueling Banjos.”
Fleck called him “one of the greatest accompanists I’ve ever played with.”
It’s one of many heartfelt tributes to Diabaté, who died of kidney failure on July. Diabaté was 58.
His death reverberated throughout the world, with many musicians expressing how profoundly his life had impacted them.
“Toumani was a guardian of our culture, but also a bold innovator who never stopped pushing the boundaries of his craft,” Malian singer Oumou Sangaré wrote on her Instagram page. “His departure leaves an immense void in our hearts, but his musical legacy will continue to resonate within us and inspire generations to come.”
Like father and mother….
Toumani Diabaté was born into a centuries-old family of griot musicians, who have preserved the stories and traditions of Mali’s Mandé empire, once the largest in West Africa, through their music. His father, Sidiki Diabaté, was the premier kora player in the years following Mali’s 1960 independence from France, and his mother, Nene Koita, was an accomplished singer.
Diabaté, who had always been expected to carry on his family’s longstanding musical legacy, taught himself to play his father’s instrument.
His technique was vividly showcased in his innovative solo albums, Kaira (1988) and The Mandé Variations (2008). On Kaira — which was released shortly after he turned 21 — his graceful shifts between melody and bassalways sounded like he was singing as much as playing.
Diabaté also created a more expansive project called Symmetric Orchestra. This large ensemble brought together instruments and repertoires from across the former Mande Empire with added textures and punch from American and European strings and horns. Diabaté included original compositions alongside new adaptations of griot songs.
As Diabaté wrote in the liner notes of the orchestra’s 2006 album, Boulevard De L’Independance, “One of the philosophies of Symmetric is the encounter of generations. The old generation has its experience in music, the new generation has its madness in music.”
Diabaté’s enthusiasm for improvisation and sharing kora music throughout the world led to several successful collaborations. He recorded with legendary Malian guitarist Ali Farka Touré and another great kora player, Ballake Sissoko. Diabaté also worked with artists whose backgrounds were different from his own. These collaborations included jazz and blues musicians, Spanish flamenco groups and the London Symphony Orchestra.
Taj Mahal: ‘It was like 500 years of separation no longer existed’
Through his music, he promoted his own heritage while also helping to show how much that culture was part of a shared language. Blues guitarist Taj Mahal and Diabaté teamed up for the 1999 album Kulanjan along with a small group of Malian musicians. The album features a rich blend of American acoustic folk and blues along with Malian musical styles. Mahal’s gruff voice creates a compelling contrast with the higher registers of the Malian instrumentalists and singers. Despite their seemingly different styles, Mahal found a mutual musical understanding in their collaboration.
“It was never like, ‘You play this, I’ll play that.’ We just played together, looked at each other and it was done. Just like that. It was like 500 years of separation no longer existed,” Mahal said.
Béla Fleck collaborated with Diabaté for a series of concerts in 2009. Some of the performances are included on their album, The Ripple Effect, which was released in 2020. A sense of joy comes through their quickly shifting tempos and shared sense of humor, evident in moments like Diabaté’s playful musical response to Fleck’s snippet of “Oh, Susannah” on the track “Kauonding Sissoko.”
“Toumani was incredibly sweet from the start. He always called me ‘my brother,’ which made me feel very privileged,” said Fleck. “Toumani had elegance. That’s the thing I think about, and that amazing touch of his.”
‘A great artist who belongs to the world’
Iranian kamancheh player Kayhan Kalhor was one of Diabaté’s most recent collaborators, with their duo album, The Sky Is The Same Colour Everywhere, released last year. Their pairing began with an invitation to perform together at the Morgenland Festival in Osnabrük, Germany, where they met just hours before their first concert. The album was recorded after a brief European tour, but their musical interplay suggested a much longer partnership.
“We came two different cultures that see music in the same way. Improvisation being one of the major aspects. The other aspect is that our musical cultures go way back,” Kalhor says. “When you’re that deep in the culture and know the music of that culture really well, it gives you the freedom and the vision to add to it. So it’s not surprising that a musician of Toumani’s caliber and stature adds something to the music that the younger generation uses.”
Kalhor added that while Diabaté is a part of Mande culture, ultimately his music connects with everyone.
“Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Akira Kurosawa and Abbas Kiarostami are great artists who belong to the world,” Kalhor said. “So I don’t see Toumani as a kora player from Mali, I see him as a great artist who belongs to the world.”
Aaron Cohen is the author of Move On Up: Chicago Soul Music and Black Cultural Power (University of Chicago Press) and Amazing Grace (Bloomsbury). He teaches humanities and English composition at City Colleges of Chicago and regularly writes about the arts for such publications as the Chicago Tribune, Chicago Reader and DownBeat.
Lifestyle
What worked — and what didn’t — in the ‘Stranger Things’ finale
Sadie Sink as Max Mayfield.
Netflix
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Yes, there are spoilers ahead for the final episode of Stranger Things.
On New Year’s Eve, the very popular Netflix show Stranger Things came to an end after five seasons and almost 10 years. With actors who started as tweens now in their 20s, it was probably inevitable that the tale of a bunch of kids who fought monsters would wind down. In the two-plus-hour finale, there was a lot of preparation, then there was a final battle, and then there was a roughly 40-minute epilogue catching up with our heroes 18 months later. And how well did it all work? Let’s talk about it.
Worked: The final battle
The strongest part of the finale was the battle itself, set in the Abyss, in which the crew battled Vecna, who was inside the Mind Flayer, which is, roughly speaking, a giant spider. This meant that inside, Eleven could go one-on-one with Vecna (also known as Henry, or One, or Mr. Whatsit) while outside, her friends used their flamethrowers and guns and flares and slingshots and whatnot to take down the Mind Flayer. (You could tell that Nancy was going to be the badass of the fight as soon as you saw not only her big gun, but also her hair, which strongly evoked Ripley in the Alien movies.) And of course, Joyce took off Vecna’s head with an axe while everybody remembered all the people Vecna has killed who they cared about. Pretty good fight!
Did not work: Too much talking before the fight
As the group prepared to fight Vecna, we watched one scene where the music swelled as Hopper poured out his feelings to Eleven about how she deserved to live and shouldn’t sacrifice herself. Roughly 15 minutes later, the music swelled for a very similarly blocked and shot scene in which Eleven poured out her feelings to Hopper about why she wanted to sacrifice herself. Generally, two monologues are less interesting than a conversation would be. Elsewhere, Jonathan and Steve had a talk that didn’t add much, and Will and Mike had a talk that didn’t add much (after Will’s coming-out scene in the previous episode), both while preparing to fight a giant monster. It’s not that there’s a right or wrong length for a finale like this, but telling us things we already know tends to slow down the action for no reason. Not every dynamic needed a button on it.
Worked: Dungeons & Dragons bringing the group together
It was perhaps inevitable that we would end with a game of D&D, just as we began. But now, these kids are feeling the distance between who they are now and who they were when they used to play together. The fact that they still enjoy each other’s company so much, even when there are no world-shattering stakes, is what makes them seem the most at peace, more than a celebratory graduation. And passing the game off to Holly and her friends, including the now-included Derek, was a very nice touch.
Charlie Heaton as Jonathan Byers, Natalia Dyer as Nancy Wheeler, Maya Hawke as Robin Buckley, and Joe Keery as Steve Harrington.
Netflix
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Netflix
Did not work: Dr. Kay, played by Linda Hamilton
It seemed very exciting that Stranger Things was going to have Linda Hamilton, actual ’80s action icon, on hand this season playing Dr. Kay, the evil military scientist who wanted to capture and kill Eleven at any cost. But she got very little to do, and the resolution to her story was baffling. After the final battle, after the Upside Down is destroyed, she believes Eleven to be dead. But … then what happened? She let them all call taxis home, including Hopper, who killed a whole bunch of soldiers? Including all the kids who now know all about her and everything she did? All the kids who ventured into the Abyss are going to be left alone? Perfect logic is certainly not anybody’s expectation, but when you end a sequence with your entire group of heroes at the mercy of a band of violent goons, it would be nice to say something about how they ended up not at the mercy of said goons.


Worked: Needle drops
Listen, it’s not easy to get one Prince song for your show, let alone two: “Purple Rain” and “When Doves Cry.” When the Duffer Brothers say they needed something epic, and these songs feel epic, they are not wrong. There continues to be a heft to the Purple Rain album that helps to lend some heft to a story like this, particularly given the period setting. “Landslide” was a little cheesy as the lead-in to the epilogue, but … the epilogue was honestly pretty cheesy, so perhaps that’s appropriate.
Did not work: The non-ending
As to whether Eleven really died or is really just backpacking in a foreign country where no one can find her, the Duffer Brothers, who created the show, have been very clear that the ending is left up to you. You can think she’s dead, or you can think she’s alive; they have intentionally not given the answer. It’s possible to write ambiguous endings that work really well, but this one felt like a cop-out, an attempt to have it both ways. There’s also a real danger in expanding characters’ supernatural powers to the point where they can make anything seem like anything, so maybe much of what you saw never happened. After all, if you don’t know that did happen, how much else might not have happened?
This piece also appears in NPR’s Pop Culture Happy Hour newsletter. Sign up for the newsletter so you don’t miss the next one, plus get weekly recommendations about what’s making us happy.
Listen to Pop Culture Happy Hour on Apple Podcasts and Spotify.
Lifestyle
The Best of BoF 2025: Conglomerates, Controversy and Consolidation
Lifestyle
Sunday Puzzle: P-A-R-T-Y words and names
On-air challenge
Today I’ve brought a game of ‘Categories’ based on the word “party.” For each category I give, you tell me something in it starting with each of the letters, P-A-R-T-Y. For example, if the category were “Four-Letter Boys’ Names” you might say Paul, Adam, Ross, Tony, and Yuri. Any answer that works is OK, and you can give answers in any order.
1. Colors
2. Major League Baseball Teams
3. Foreign Rivers
4. Foods for a Thanksgiving Meal
Last week’s challenge
I was at a library. On the shelf was a volume whose spine said “OUT TO SEA.” When I opened the volume, I found the contents has nothing to do with sailing or the sea in any sense. It wasn’t a book of fiction either. What was in the volume?
Challenge answer
It was a volume of an encyclopedia with entries from OUT- to SEA-.
Winner
Mark Karp of Marlboro Township, N.J.
This week’s challenge
This week’s challenge comes from Joseph Young, of St. Cloud, Minn. Think of a two-syllable word in four letters. Add two letters in front and one letter behind to make a one-syllable word in seven letters. What words are these?
If you know the answer to the challenge, submit it below by Wednesday, December 31 at 3 p.m. ET. Listeners whose answers are selected win a chance to play the on-air puzzle.
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