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Choking emergency? How to do the Heimlich maneuver — and when to avoid it

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Choking emergency? How to do the Heimlich maneuver — and when to avoid it

A choking emergency can turn really scary, really quickly.

Whether it’s yourself or another person, knowing how to remove the blockage while staying calm can be the difference between life and death.

The Heimlich maneuver is a first-aid method recommended by most health organizations, which uses abdominal thrusts to dislodge an obstruction from a person’s windpipe.

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Mass General Brigham, a health care system in Boston, Massachusetts, shared on its website step-by-step guidance on how to effectively perform the Heimlich, provided by emergency medicine doctor Wendy Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD.

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Before starting the Heimlich, check to make sure the person isn’t breathing, talking or coughing, experts advise. (iStock)

1. Call 911

In any choking emergency, Mass General Brigham suggests first calling 911 to report that someone may need the help of a medical professional.

If there is another person present, one person should call 911 while the other begins doing the Heimlich.

2. Assess the situation

The Heimlich maneuver should not be performed on someone who can still talk, breathe or cough, according to Macias-Konstantopoulos.

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In that case, encourage someone exhibiting these signs to continue coughing to dislodge the object.

If none of these signs are present, or if the person is exhibiting the universal choking sign, start by administering up to five sharp blows to the person’s back with the heel of your hand between their shoulder blades.

If the person is exhibiting the universal choking sign, shown here, it is best to begin administering the Heimlich, experts say.  (iStock)

3. Initiate the Heimlich

If the person is still choking after a few blows to the back, experts recommend starting the Heimlich maneuver.

Macias-Konstantopoulos’ guidance is to first stand behind the choking person, or kneel if it’s a child.

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Wrap your arms around their torso from the back. Make a fist with one hand and grab it with the other.

Place your hands in between the person’s belly button and rib cage.

Place your fist above the belly button and below the rib cage when administering the Heimlich, a doctor instructed. (iStock)

Next, thrust in an inward and upward motion on the diaphragm. This will force air out of the lungs and remove the blockage. Repeat these abdominal thrusts up to five times, the doctor advised.

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If the choking continues, go back to the five back blows followed by five abdominal thrusts until the airway is cleared or help has arrived.

For people who may be pregnant or obese, the Heimlich maneuver can be administered with five chest thrusts to the breastbone, or middle of the chest, instead of the abdomen.

What to do when a baby is choking

Mass General Brigham warned that the Heimlich maneuver should not be used on infants younger than 12 months.

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Instead, if a baby under a year old is choking, hold them face down along the length of your arm or thigh, keeping their head lower than their bottom.

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Sharply hit the baby on their back, firmly but not hard enough to injure them, up to five times, the health care system advised.

Recommended Heimlich maneuvers vary between adults and children. (iStock)

Once the blockage is dislodged, check the baby’s mouth and remove any visible objects with a finger.

If the blows to the back don’t work, try performing chest thrusts by holding the baby face up in the same orientation.

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Keep their head lower than their body and support the baby’s neck and head with your hand, according to Macias-Konstantopoulos.

Place two to three fingers on the baby’s breastbone, or in the middle of their chest, and press sharply one inch downward and upward up to five times.

If you are choking and you’re alone, the same Heimlich technique can be performed on yourself. (iStock)

As children in particular run a high risk of choking, the doctor advised parents and guardians to be careful with foods like popcorn, nuts, grapes, hot dogs and hard candy.

“Cut children’s food into small pieces before they eat,” she recommended. 

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“Keep choking hazards out of children’s reach, keep a close eye on your child while they eat and supervise play time.”

What to do if you’re choking

If you’re choking while alone, the same Heimlich technique can be performed on yourself, according to Mass General Brigham.

Place your fists right above your belly button and pull inward and upward into your diaphragm.

Alternatively, try bending over a hard surface, such as the back of a chair or countertop, and shove yourself into the same area of your abdomen to create a similar force to your lungs.

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If you are unable to speak, many states allow texts to be sent to 911, the health care system noted.

“Type the numbers ‘9-1-1’ into the ‘to’ or ‘recipient’ field,” Macias-Konstantopoulos instructed. “Text your location and the nature of your emergency right away.”

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Alarming cancer symptoms highlighted by popular actor’s early death

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Alarming cancer symptoms highlighted by popular actor’s early death

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Top stories

→ James Van Der Beek’s death highlights alarming colon cancer rise in younger adults

→ Daily coffee habit may play role in dementia risk, study finds

→ ‘Doormat Mom’ says she was ‘blindsided’ when daughter cut her off

On the lookout

 → Popular weight-loss drugs linked to rare nutrition-related disease

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→ Big mistake to legalize marijuana? Health experts warn of ‘worse outcomes’

→ People with certain BMI may be more prone to deadly infections

James Van Der Beek’s death at 48 highlights an alarming colon cancer rise in younger adults. (Ray Tamarra/GC Images)

Conversation starters

→ Common household plant could hold secret to fighting Alzheimer’s

→ Fast-food chain to ban all microwaves from restaurants to ‘improve quality’

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→ Can TrumpRx help you save money on prescription drugs?

Healthy living

→ Brain training sessions found to reduce dementia risk for decades

→ Common sleep aid could quietly interfere with your rest, study suggests

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Quote of the week

“The pain of being cut off — it’s a pain you can’t describe unless you feel it.” 

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→ Laura Wellington, a woman in Connecticut known on social media as “Doormat Mom,” shared her story of parent-child estrangement with Fox News Digital.

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Popular honeymoon destination faces avian malaria threat, spread by mosquitoes

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Popular honeymoon destination faces avian malaria threat, spread by mosquitoes

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Almost every forest bird species in Hawaii is spreading avian malaria, posing an increasing threat to wildlife in the popular honeymoon destination, according to a new study published in Nature Communications.

The research revealed a potential explanation for why the disease shows up almost everywhere mosquitoes are found on the Hawaiian Islands.

Scientists from the University of Hawaii at Mānoa and the University of California analyzed blood samples from over 4,000 birds across 64 sites across the state, a press release revealed.

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Next, they conducted feeding trials where they allowed mosquitoes to feed on infected birds, and tracked whether those insects spread the disease at various temperatures.

The team found that both native and “introduced” species of forest birds can infect mosquitoes when the insects feed on them. Even when the birds have only small amounts of the parasites, they can carry the disease for months or years.

The scientists conducted feeding trials where they allowed mosquitoes to feed on infected birds, and tracked whether those insects spread the disease at various temperatures. (iStock)

“Avian malaria has taken a devastating toll on Hawaii’s native forest birds, and this study shows why the disease has been so difficult to contain,” Christa M. Seidl, who conducted the research as part of her PhD at the University of California, Santa Cruz, stated in the release.

“When so many bird species can quietly sustain transmission, it narrows the options for protecting native birds and makes mosquito control not just helpful, but essential,” she added.

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In many ecosystems, a disease continues circulating even if only a handful of animal species are spreading it, but this study found that avian malaria appears to spread more broadly across many bird species.

Mosquitoes, which are not native to Hawaii, could increase the forest birds’ risk of extinction, says the National Park Service. The ʻakikiki, a Hawaiian bird native to Kauai, is now considered extinct in the wild due to the disease.

The Kauai creeper is considered critically endangered by some groups, while others consider it extinct in the wild. (Eric J. Franke for The Washington Post via Getty Images)

While avian malaria is from the same family of protozoa that causes malaria in humans, the bird-specific strains cannot be transmitted to people, according to the National Audubon Society.

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Even when avian malaria isn’t fatal to birds, it can shorten their telomeres, an element of DNA that influences lifespan, the above source states.

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In addition to affecting the infected birds, the altered DNA can be passed onto chicks, creating a new generation of birds with shorter lifespans.

Researchers examined blood samples from more than 4,000 birds across Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii Island. (iStock)

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The researchers noted a few caveats with the study. First, they primarily used lab-controlled canaries to determine transmission for different parasite levels, which may not be an exact match for every wild bird species.

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They also faced technical hurdles in measuring exactly how much malaria-carrying saliva a mosquito produces at various temperatures, though their models largely account for this, the study stated.

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Finally, as researchers can’t realistically track every mosquito bite in the wild, they used infection patterns as an indirect way to estimate insects’ feeding preferences. If a species is infected more often, that suggests mosquitoes are biting them more frequently.

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Popular weight-loss drugs linked to rare ‘pirate disease,’ researchers warn

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Popular weight-loss drugs linked to rare ‘pirate disease,’ researchers warn

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Researchers in Australia are raising flags about GLP-1 weight-loss medications potentially raising the risk of a rare disease.

Scurvy — historically called a “pirate disease” due to long voyages at sea without nutritious food — is caused by a lack of vitamin C. If left untreated, scurvy can cause severe symptoms, according to Cleveland Clinic.

Those symptoms include anemia, loosened teeth that may fall out, bleeding under the skin, bruising, swollen legs, rough and scaly skin, dry and brittle hair that coils, and the re-opening of wounds that do not heal. Swollen, bleeding gums are another common result.

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The disease could surface as the result of not properly providing the body with nutrient-rich foods, leading to malnourishment. New research suggests that GLP-1 drug users may be at greater risk.

A systematic review by the Hunter Medical Research Institute in Australia found that although diabetes and obesity medications support significant improvements in weight loss, clinical trials have “failed to report what people are actually eating while taking them.”

Weight-loss medications could lead to diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies, such as scurvy. (iStock)

“A reduction in body weight does not automatically mean the person is well-nourished or healthy,” Clare Collins, laureate professor of nutrition and dietetics at The University of Newcastle, Australia, wrote in a press release statement. “Nutrition plays a critical role in health, and right now it’s largely missing from the evidence.”

These findings raise “major concerns about the risk of malnutrition, including macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies, with adverse metabolic and nutritional effects being reported,” Collins told Fox News Digital.

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Certain GLP-1 and GIP medications have a “major impact” on appetite and satiety, which leads to overall reduced food intake, according to the researcher.

The signs can be missed because they overlap initially with side effects of the medications.

“While this mechanism drives weight loss, it also increases the risk of inadequate protein, fiber, vitamin and mineral intakes if diet quality and nutritional adequacy are not carefully monitored,” she cautioned.

British pop singer Robbie Williams was diagnosed with scurvy in 2025, previously sharing with The Mirror that he experienced symptoms of the “17th-century pirate disease” after he’d been taking “something like Ozempic.”

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British pop singer Robbie Williams was diagnosed with scurvy in 2025, previously sharing with The Mirror that he experienced symptoms of the “17th-century pirate disease” after he’d been taking “something like Ozempic.” (Sam Corum/PA Images via Getty Images)

Collins noted that nutrient deficiencies are “not specific” to scurvy.

“There are other nutrients that, if not consumed in adequate amounts, can lead to deficiencies,” she said.

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Iron deficiency can cause anemia, for example, and vitamin B1 deficiency leads to beriberi (a disease that can damage the nerves and heart) and Wernicke’s encephalopathy (a potentially life-threatening brain disorder), according to Collins.

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“A reduction in body weight does not automatically mean the person is well-nourished or healthy,” one expert said. (iStock)

Nutrition in focus

For GLP-1 users who are losing weight quickly, Collins emphasized the importance of adequate intake of nutrients, vitamins and minerals.

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“The signs can be missed because they overlap initially with side effects of the medications, including fatigue, lethargy, nausea, poor appetite and irritability,” she said.

To ensure proper nutrition, Collins recommends seeking professional help from an accredited dietitian.

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For GLP-1 users who are losing weight quickly, experts emphasized the importance of adequate intake of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. (iStock)

“It is challenging to assess whether your nutrient intake is adequate by yourself,” she said. “People may also require a specific multivitamin or mineral supplement, along with medical nutrition therapy support.”

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Future clinical trials should include “validated dietary assessment tools” and “transparent reporting of food and nutrient intakes,” Collins suggested.

“This will help improve the nutrition-related health and wellbeing outcomes for individuals prescribed these medications, while supporting adherence and long-term health,” she said.

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“We’re calling for greater attention to nutrition when these medications are being prescribed in order to avoid malnutrition risk.”

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