Health
AI detects ovarian cancer better than human experts in new study
For the nearly 20,000 women in the U.S. who receive an ovarian cancer diagnosis each year, artificial intelligence is emerging as a potentially life-saving tool.
In a new study led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, AI models did a better job of detecting ovarian cancer than human doctors.
The research, which was published in Nature Medicine, tested an AI model’s ability to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions on the ovaries, according to a press release.
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The AI model was trained on more than 17,000 ultrasound images from 3,652 patients across 20 hospitals in eight countries, the release stated.
“High-quality diagnostics can become more accessible, particularly in regions with limited access to experienced examiners,” said a study author. (iStock)
The AI model achieved an accuracy rate of 86% for detecting ovarian cancer, compared to 82% for human experts and 77% for those with less expertise.
“I was surprised that the AI models outperformed all 33 of the expert examiners,” study author Elisabeth Epstein, a professor at the Department of Clinical Science and Education at Karolinska Institutet, told Fox News Digital.
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Ovarian tumors are common and “often detected by chance,” according to Epstein.
“Our study demonstrates that AI-driven diagnostic support can significantly improve ovarian cancer diagnosis by enhancing triage efficiency, reducing diagnostic errors and addressing the shortage of expert examiners,” she said in a statement to Fox News Digital.
The AI model achieved an accuracy rate of 86% for detecting ovarian cancer, compared to 82% for human experts and 77% for those with less expertise. (iStock)
“High-quality diagnostics can become more accessible, particularly in regions with limited access to experienced examiners,” Epstein went on.
“This will help reduce waiting times, avoid unnecessary interventions and facilitate earlier cancer detection, ultimately improving patient outcomes and ensuring more accurate diagnoses.”
AI could also reduce the need for referrals as well as the chances of misdiagnosis, the researchers noted.
“I was surprised that the AI models outperformed all 33 of the expert examiners.”
Dr. Brian Slomovitz, director of gynecologic oncology and co-chair of the Cancer Research Committee at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Florida, noted that screening and early detection of ovarian cancer is the “holy grail” to reduce deaths from this disease.
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“This large retrospective trial clearly demonstrates that there may be a role in incorporating AI-driven support to better interpret ultrasound findings in patients with a pelvic mass,” Slomovitz, who was not involved in this particular study, told Fox News Digital.
“This, by itself, increases the accuracy of the radiologic findings by both decreasing the false positive rate (leading to unnecessary surgeries) and decreasing the false negative rate (missing cases of cancer).”
Screening and early detection of ovarian cancer is the “holy grail” to reduce deaths from this disease, one oncologist noted. (iStock)
There are other ways to evaluate ovarian cancer patients beyond radiology scans, the doctor noted.
“Menopausal status, presence or absence of symptoms, and blood test results are some other factors used to determine which patients may or may not need surgery,” Slomovitz said. “It would be great if these factors could be incorporated into the AI modeling.”
OVARIAN CANCER SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OPTIONS
In addition to showing improved accuracy of ultrasound analysis, the AI technology will need to demonstrate a survival benefit in order to gain widespread use, he added.
“I am optimistic that artificial intelligence will be a part of the armamentarium used to improve the care we offer to our patients.”
“I am optimistic that artificial intelligence will be a part of the armamentarium used to improve the care we offer to our patients,” an oncologist said. (iStock)
Dr. Harvey Castro, a Dallas, Texas-based board-certified emergency medicine physician and national speaker on AI in health care, agreed that the tech has the potential to improve cancer diagnostics, but cautioned that limitations remain.
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“The AI relies on diverse, high-quality data, and bias could limit effectiveness,” he told Fox News Digital.
“It’s also not fully validated for routine clinical use, and transparency and regulatory concerns remain unresolved.”
Castro reiterated that additional research is needed to determine how well AI adapts to real-world settings, the long-term impact on health care costs and outcomes, and whether the tech will be able to handle diverse populations and different clinical environments.
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The researchers also acknowledged the potential limitations of the study.
“It is not a prospective study, so additional data is needed to know how it would perform in a real clinical setting,” Epstein told Fox News Digital.
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The team is planning to soon begin clinical studies at Stockholm South Hospital in Sweden, she added.
“It is still the physician who remains responsible for the patient’s diagnosis and treatment.”
Epstein noted that AI should only be used as a diagnostic support and not a replacement for human physicians.
“It is still the physician who remains responsible for the patient’s diagnosis and treatment,” she stated.
The Karolinska Institutet research team collaborated with the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Funding was provided by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, the Stockholm Regional Council, the Cancer Research Funds of Radiumhemmet and the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP), according to the release.
Health
Heart disease threat projected to climb sharply for key demographic
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A new report by the American Heart Association (AHA) included some troubling predictions for the future of women’s health.
The forecast, published in the journal Circulation on Wednesday, projected increases in various comorbidities in American females by 2050.
More than 59% of women were predicted to have high blood pressure, up from less than 49% currently.
The review also projected that more than 25% of women will have diabetes, compared to about 15% today, and more than 61% will have obesity, compared to 44% currently.
As a result of these risk factors, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and stroke is expected to rise to 14.4% from 10.7%.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and stroke in women is expected to rise to 14.4% from 10.7% by 2050. (iStock)
Not all trends were negative, as unhealthy cholesterol prevalence is expected to drop to about 22% from more than 42% today, the report stated.
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Dr. Elizabeth Klodas, a cardiologist and founder of Step One Foods in Minnesota, commented on these “jarring findings.”
“The fact that on our current trajectory, cardiometabolic disease is projected to explode in women within one generation should be a huge wake-up call,” she told Fox News Digital.
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“Hypertension, diabetes, obesity — these are all major risk factors for heart disease, and we are already seeing what those risks are driving. Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of women, eclipsing all other causes of death, including breast cancer.”
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for women in the U.S. and around the world. (iStock)
Klodas warned that heart disease starts early, progresses “stealthily,” and can present “out of the blue in devastating ways.”
The AHA published another study on Thursday revealing one million hospitalizations, showing that heart attack deaths are climbing among adults below the age of 55.
The more alarming finding, according to Klodas, is that young women were found more likely to die after their first heart attack than men of the same age.
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“This is all especially tragic since heart disease is almost entirely preventable,” she said. “The earlier you start, the better.”
Children can show early evidence of plaque deposition in their arteries, which can be reversed through lifestyle changes if “undertaken early enough and aggressively enough,” according to the expert.
Moving more is one part of protecting a healthy heart, according to experts. (iStock)
Klodas suggested that rising heart conditions are associated with traditional risk factors, like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
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Doctors are also seeing higher rates of preeclampsia, or high blood pressure during pregnancy, as well as gestational diabetes. Klodas noted that these are sex-specific risk factors that don’t typically contribute to complications until after menopause.
The best way to protect a healthy heart is to “do the basics,” Klodas recommended, including the following lifestyle habits.
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Klodas especially emphasized making improvements to diet, as the food people eat affects “every single risk factor that the AHA’s report highlights.”
“High blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, excess weight – these are all conditions that are driven in part or in whole by food,” she said. “We eat multiple times every single day, which means what we eat has profound cumulative effects over time.”
“Even a small improvement in dietary intake, when maintained, can have a massive positive impact on health,” a doctor said. (iStock)
“Even a small improvement in dietary intake, when maintained, can have a massive positive impact on health.”
The doctor also recommends changing out a few snacks per day for healthier choices, which has been proven to “yield medication-level cholesterol reductions” in a month.
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“Keep up that small change and, over the course of a year, you could also lose 20 pounds and reduce your sodium intake enough to avoid blood pressure-lowering medications,” Klodas added.
“Women should not view the AHA report as inevitable. We have power over our health destinies. We just need to use it.”
Health
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Health
Common vision issue linked to type of lighting used in Americans’ homes
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Nearsightedness (myopia) is skyrocketing globally, with nearly half of the world’s population expected to be myopic by 2050, according to the World Health Organization.
Heavy use of smartphones and other devices is associated with an 80% higher risk of myopia when combined with excessive computer use, but a new study suggests that dim indoor lighting could also be a factor.
For years, scientists have been puzzled by the different ways myopia is triggered. In lab settings, it can be induced by blurring vision or using different lenses. Conversely, it can be slowed by something as simple as spending time outdoors, research suggests.
Nearsightedness occurs when the eyeball grows too long from front to back, according to the American Optometric Association (AOA). This physical elongation causes light to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it, making distant objects appear blurry.
The study suggests that myopia isn’t caused by the digital devices themselves, but by the low-light environments where they are typically used. (iStock)
Researchers at the State University of New York (SUNY) College of Optometry identified a potential specific trigger for this growth. When someone looks at a phone or a book up close, the pupil naturally constricts.
COMMON VISION ISSUE COULD LEAD TO MISSED CANCER WARNING, STUDY FINDS
“In bright outdoor light, the pupil constricts to protect the eye while still allowing ample light to reach the retina,” Urusha Maharjan, a SUNY Optometry doctoral student who conducted the study, said in a press release.
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“When people focus on close objects indoors, such as phones, tablets or books, the pupil can also constrict — not because of brightness, but to sharpen the image,” she went on. “In dim lighting, this combination may significantly reduce retinal illumination.”
High-intensity natural light prevents myopia because it provides enough retinal stimulation to override the “stop growing” signal, even when pupils are constricted. (iStock)
The hypothesis suggests that when the retina is deprived of light during extended close-up work, it sends a signal for the eye to grow.
In a dim environment, the narrowed pupil allows so little light through that the retinal activity isn’t strong enough to signal the eye to stop growing, the researchers found.
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In contrast, being outdoors provides light levels much brighter than indoors. This ensures that even when the pupil narrows to focus on a nearby object, the retina still receives a strong signal, maintaining healthy eye development.
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The team noted some limitations of the study, including the small subject group and the inability to directly measure internal lens changes, as the bright backgrounds used to mimic the outdoors made pupils too small for standard equipment.
Researchers believe that increasing indoor brightness during close-up work could be a simple, testable way to slow the global nearsightedness epidemic. (iStock)
“This is not a final answer,” Jose-Manuel Alonso, MD, PhD, SUNY distinguished professor and senior author of the study, said in the release.
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“But the study offers a testable hypothesis that reframes how visual habits, lighting and eye focusing interact.”
The study was published in the journal Cell Reports.
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