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Physical decline is common as we age. These exercises can help mitigate the effects | CNN

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Physical decline is common as we age. These exercises can help mitigate the effects | CNN

Editor’s note: Dana Santas, known as the “Mobility Maker,” is a certified strength and conditioning specialist and mind-body coach in professional sports, and is the author of the book “Practical Solutions for Back Pain Relief.”



CNN
 — 

As you age, your body undergoes changes that can significantly affect your ability to move. Among the most impactful are muscle loss, joint deterioration and decreased bone density — issues that can lead to reduced mobility, chronic pain and an increased risk of fractures.

These challenges are particularly pronounced in menopausal and postmenopausal women, but they also affect aging men, especially those leading sedentary lifestyles.

That’s the bad news about getting older.

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But the good news is that by incorporating specific types of exercise into a consistent workout routine, you can proactively counter these age-related declines and maintain an active lifestyle and higher quality of life well into your later years.

Sarcopenia: As you get older, your muscles naturally begin to lose mass and strength in a process known as sarcopenia. This decline typically starts around the age of 30 and accelerates after the age of 60. The loss of muscle mass can make daily activities more challenging and increase the risk of falls and injuries. Maintaining muscle strength is essential for mobility, balance and overall functional independence.

“After the age of 50, women lose 8% of their muscle mass yearly,” said Dr. Stephanie Faubion, coauthor of a December 2024 study published in the journal Menopause and medical director of Mayo Clinic’s Center for Women’s Health. “And because muscles burn calories, the loss of muscle contributes to weight gain as women age and don’t necessarily adjust their caloric intake or exercise regimen.”

Joint deterioration: Aging also takes a toll on our joints. Over time, the cartilage that cushions our joints can wear down, leading to pain and immobility. Maintaining joint health is crucial for preserving range of motion and preventing discomfort that can limit activity.

“Joint aches are one of the biggest complaints of menopausal women,” Faubion noted. “It seems to be related to the loss of estrogen, contributing to muscle loss.”

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Bone density loss: Bone density naturally decreases with age, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis, especially in women after menopause due to the drop in estrogen levels. Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, becomes a significant concern for both women and men, particularly those leading sedentary lifestyles.

A common misconception is that bone density preservation is only tied to lifting weights, according to Faubion. She pointed to how astronauts lost bone density due to the loss of gravity, saying, “it’s weight-bearing exercises, not weight-lifting exercises, that are most effective at building bone density.”

To maintain physical fitness, aging adults need to meet the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity weekly and two days per week of muscle-strengthening activities of moderate intensity that involve all of the major muscle groups. To counteract age-related changes effectively, those minutes need to include a variety of exercises that build strength, enhance mobility, improve balance and increase cardiovascular health.

Incorporate these types of exercise into your routine:

1. Resistance training: Resistance training is the key to combating muscle loss. It can include weight lifting, resistance band exercises and body-weight exercises such as push-ups and squats. Include strength training exercises at least two to three times a week, focusing on all major muscle groups. Start with less resistance and gradually increase as you build strength.

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2. Mobility work: Maintaining muscle health is essential for preventing stiffness, supporting functional range of motion in your joints and reducing soft-tissue injury risk. Aim to take your body through its full range of primary movements in all planes of motion during every workout. Incorporating mobility-focused forms of exercise such as yoga and Pilates into your weekly routine can also help keep your muscles and joints healthy and mobile.

3. Balance exercises: “Falls are of big concern and the largest cause of morbidity as we age,” Faubion said. “This is why balance training is an important consideration.” In addition to traditional single-leg balance training, exercises that rely on an unstable surface, such as a stability ball or even a paper plate sliding on the floor to create instability, can help improve your balance, core strength and coordination. Integrating these exercises into your routine can significantly reduce the risk of falls and help you stay steady on your feet.

4. Cardiovascular fitness: Cardiovascular exercises are vital for maintaining heart health, improving circulation, increasing caloric burn and boosting overall endurance. Lower-impact activities such as walking, swimming or indoor cycling are good choices for older adults. In addition to the heart-health benefits, Faubion said: “Walking is a great weight-bearing exercise for building bone density as we age.”

Women should put less emphasis on cardio and more on resistance-training exercises, according to Faubion. “Of the 150 minutes of recommended weekly exercises, at least 20 minutes two times per week should be resistance training,” she said. “For menopausal women this should be viewed as a minimum.”

Before starting any new exercise program, be sure to consult with your health care provider to ensure it’s safe and appropriate for your individual needs.

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Consistency is key when it comes to reaping the benefits of exercise as you age. That’s why Faubion said she always tells her patients that “the best exercise is the one that you will actually do!” She recommends focusing on what you like and are willing and wanting to do regularly.

Here are some other tips to help you create a safe, sustainable exercise routine:

Start slow: If you’re new to exercise or returning after a break, start with low-intensity activities and gradually increase the intensity and duration as your fitness improves.

Mix it up: Incorporate a variety of exercises to keep your routine interesting and work different muscle groups. Doing so can also help prevent overuse injuries.

Listen to your body: Pay attention to how your body feels during and after exercise. If you experience pain or discomfort, modify the exercise or take a break.

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Stay consistent: Prioritize exercising regularly, even if it’s just a short session. Consistency over time is more important than length or intensity.

Recover properly: Don’t skip recovery. Cool down after workouts, take adequate breaks between training sessions and get enough sleep.

Consult a professional: Consider working with a personal trainer or physical therapist to create a tailored exercise plan that meets your needs and goals.

Aging is inevitable, but how you age is largely within your control. By following the guidelines above, you can take charge of the aging process to preserve your health, independence and quality of life for years to come.

Sign up for CNN’s Fitness, But Better newsletter series. Our seven-part guide will help you ease into a healthy routine, backed by experts.

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Fitness

How Jeremy Clarkson Reset His Health and Fitness at 66 – Walking, Pilates and Trying ‘Not to Die’

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How Jeremy Clarkson Reset His Health and Fitness at 66 – Walking, Pilates and Trying ‘Not to Die’

Rewind a decade or so, and Jeremy Clarkson had a particular disdain for exercise, healthy eating and denying himself life’s pleasures. He never worked out, smoked 40 cigarettes a day and, in his own words, drank four pints of wine daily. Now, at 65, his entire outlook on health and longevity has shifted.

At the heart of Clarkson’s desire to change are his young grandchildren.

‘I’m not going to dwell on the joys of being a grandparent because what can be said about it has already been said. But I have decided that it is so wonderful that I want it to go on for as long as is humanly possible. Which means I must do everything in my power not to die,’ he wrote in his column forThe Times.

And the British TV personality has certainly had a couple of wake-up calls.

After being admitted to hospital with pneumonia in 2017, Clarkson then suffered what he described as ‘really bad coronary artery problems’ at the end of 2024. Documented in the latest series of Clarkson’s Farm, he experienced a ‘sudden deterioration’ in his health and needed a stent fitted to restore proper blood flow.

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Why Clarkson Finally Started Taking His Health Seriously

Since then, he has taken up reformer Pilates, had a pickleball court installed at his Oxfordshire home and started going for walks when the weather is just right.

‘Eventually, I decided that organised, indoor exercise was not for me and decided instead to do walking. Not when it’s raining obviously. Or if it’s too cold, or hot. And not if I’m busy. But on a reasonably temperate Sunday morning, I’d get out there and pootle along,’ he wrote.

‘So far I’ve relied on luck to keep me alive. But I’m in sniper’s alley right now and I have to work at dodging the bullets. Two years ago, I saw old age as a wearisome tangle of tubes and knee-replacement surgery. Now though, thanks to my grandchildren, I’m actively looking forward to it.’

Clarkson’s comments highlight just how much his attitude to ageing has changed.

‘I’m buying time. It hurts and it’s expensive. But it’s better than wasting your money on a new watch.’

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The Diet Changes Behind Clarkson’s 3-Stone Weight Loss

Diet has also become a key part of his health overhaul.

He now eats burgers wrapped in lettuce rather than buns and opts for alcohol-free versions of his Hawkstone beer. Underpinning much of that change has been a microdose of the GLP-1 medication Mounjaro, which Clarkson credits with helping him lose more than three stone in six months by suppressing his appetite – although he admits he doesn’t particularly enjoy the experience.

‘When you are on Muntjac [his name for Mounjaro] you can come down in the morning and idly help yourself to a small handful of sunflower seeds,’ Clarkson said. ‘And it’ll feel like you’ve just finished a massive Christmas lunch. You’re stuffed.

‘So you find yourself living a minibar existence. Tiny packets of milk, sachets with only three grains of sugar in them, vodka in thimbles. That’s not living, though. That’s existing.’


If there’s one thing Kori Sampson knows, it’s how to optimise your body composition for performance. To tap into his knowledge as an elite athlete and coach, we asked him to create a 4-week plan to help you move faster, recover quicker and keep pushing when the fatigue sets in – all while improving your muscle-to-fat ratio.

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Ready to build muscle, burn fat and come out the other side looking, feeling and performing better? Click here to get 14 days of free access to the plan via the Men’s Health app.


Headshot of Ryan Dabbs

Ryan is a Senior Writer at Men’s Health UK with a passion for storytelling, health and fitness. Having graduated from Cardiff University in 2020, and later obtaining his NCTJ qualification, Ryan started his career as a Trainee News Writer for sports titles Golf Monthly, Cycling Weekly and Rugby World before progressing to Staff Writer and subsequently Senior Writer with football magazine FourFourTwo.

During his two-and-a-half years there he wrote news stories for the website and features for the magazine, while he also interviewed names such as Les Ferdinand, Ally McCoist, Jamie Redknapp and Antonio Rudiger, among many others. His standout memory, though, came when getting the opportunity to speak to then-Plymouth Argyle manager Steven Schumacher as the club won League One in 2023.

Having grown up a keen footballer and playing for his boyhood side until the age of 16, Ryan got the opportunity to represent Northern Ireland national futsal team eight times, scoring three goals against England, Scotland and Gibraltar. Now past his peak, Ryan prefers to mix weightlifting with running – he achieved a marathon PB of 3:31:49 at Manchester in April 2025, but credits the heat for failing to get below the coveted 3:30 mark…

You can follow Ryan on Instagram or on X  

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Fitness coach debunks 8 ‘crazy’ exercise myths women still believe: From periods and workouts to weightlifting

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Fitness coach debunks 8 ‘crazy’ exercise myths women still believe: From periods and workouts to weightlifting

Despite growing awareness around fitness and women’s health, several outdated exercise myths continue to persist. From misconceptions about strength training to beliefs surrounding periods, pregnancy and weight loss, many women still receive advice that isn’t backed by science. These myths can not only slow progress but also discourage women from prioritising their health and fitness. (Also read: Can eating too much protein be harmful? Experts explain why excess intake may do more harm than good )

Fitness coach debunks 8 harmful fitness myths women still face. (Pexels )

Fitness coach Zoe recently addressed some of the most common misconceptions women continue to hear in a June 12 Instagram post titled, “craziest exercise myths women still hear.” Here’s what she had to say:

1. Periods mean complete bed rest

According to Zoe, menstruation does not mean you need to stop exercising altogether. “No. You can train. Just adjust intensity if needed,” she wrote, explaining that while energy levels may fluctuate during different phases of the menstrual cycle, movement and exercise can still be beneficial.

2. After marriage or kids, fitness is not important

Many women are often made to feel that fitness should take a back seat after major life changes such as marriage or motherhood. Zoe strongly disagrees. “That is exactly when it becomes more important,” she said, highlighting the need to maintain strength, mobility and overall health while navigating increased responsibilities.

3. A C-section means your core is gone forever

Recovering from a Caesarean delivery can be challenging, but Zoe says it doesn’t mean women should give up on rebuilding strength. “Wrong. It means you need rebuilding, not giving up,” she wrote, emphasising that gradual rehabilitation and proper training can help restore core function.

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4. Walking around the house is enough exercise

While daily movement is important, Zoe points out that it isn’t the same as a structured workout. “No. That is movement, not full training,” she explained, noting that a balanced fitness routine should include strength, mobility and cardiovascular exercises.

5. Sweating more means more fat loss

Many people associate excessive sweating with effective fat burning, but Zoe says that’s a common misunderstanding. “No. It means you are hot,” she wrote. Sweat is the body’s cooling mechanism and does not necessarily reflect the number of calories burned or fat lost.

6. Running will ruin your uterus, boobs or joints

This long-standing myth often discourages women from running or high-impact activities. “No. Poor preparation and weak support is the issue,” Zoe said, stressing the importance of proper training, supportive gear and gradually building endurance.

7. Women should only do yoga, not weights

Strength training is still viewed by some as a male-dominated form of exercise, but Zoe believes women benefit greatly from lifting weights. “Women need strength too,” she wrote, highlighting how resistance training supports muscle mass, bone health, metabolism and overall fitness.

8. Carbs at night make you fat

Carbohydrates often get unfairly blamed for weight gain, especially when eaten in the evening. “No. Overeating does,” Zoe explained, pointing out that overall calorie intake and dietary patterns matter far more than the timing of carbohydrate consumption.

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Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.

This report is based on user-generated content from social media. HT.com has not independently verified the claims and does not endorse them.

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As cost of living bites, one of the things slipping may be fitness goals

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As cost of living bites, one of the things slipping may be fitness goals

For Hobart teacher Mary Holton, health means everything. 

She started feeling the squeeze from cost-of-living pressures when fuel prices spiked again.

“Going out for just fitness alone was a bit much,”

she said.

Mary Holton says since joining the group, her fitness across the board has improved. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Many Tasmanians are feeling cost-of-living pressures in a very physical way, with locals saying exercise routines are being dropped, health appointments delayed and wellbeing pushed to the bottom of the list as budgets tighten.

Ms Holton relies on multiple physiotherapy sessions each week, but says paid fitness classes simply are not an option.

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That costs … so to actually go to other classes as well, it’s out of my budget really.

People working out in a community hall.

Ollie Mathewson conducts a free workout session. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

National data shows that almost half of Australians already fall short of minimum physical activity guidelines, and rising prices are making even basic care unaffordable for many.

Consultant clinical psychologist academic Kimberley Norris says this is exactly how unhealthy patterns begin.

“We tend to focus on the most stressful thing first … and health is one of those things we don’t think about until things go wrong,”

Professor Norris said.

Woman standing at the end of a corridor.

Kimberley Norris says humans tend to focus on alleviating stress first and foremost, and warns de-prioritising health can become a cycle. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

For Ms Holton, going to a free workout group in her local community was a game-changer.

“Came down and absolutely loved it. It’s really nice to have a group and it just keeps growing,” she said.

Finding a free exercise group has drastically improved her health, as noted by her GP, and she is part of a growing trend.

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Free exercise classes become a lifeline

At a community exercise class in South Arm, south-east of Hobart, the mood is upbeat, with laughter, movement, and a sense of relief. 

Participation has more than doubled in the past year, with more than 100 Tasmanians now involved.

Trainer Ollie Mathewson said the surge was unmistakable.

“It’s free of charge for everybody … and over the last 12 months I’ve noticed a lot more people starting to come along,”

he said.

Man standing in front of a playground.

Ollie Mathewson says attendance at his classes has almost doubled over the past year. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Across greater Hobart, free and low-cost alternatives are multiplying and include walking groups, community-run circuits, and morning and afternoon fitness meet-ups. 

Tasmanians are increasingly organising their own solutions.

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Mr Mathewson said connections drive outcomes.

A lot of people talk about weight and strength, which are obviously insanely important, having other people there to push you single every week makes it a hundred times easier.

Professor Norris said one’s health can be prioritised for free.

“What we know about health is, it’s more about sustainable wellbeing, it’s about quality of life,” she said.

“So rather than focusing on how much you can deadlift, how far you can run, it’s about how your life has improved and how close your life is to the way you want to live it.”

She said free options were vital because once people stop moving, it becomes harder to start again.

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If we develop routines in which health is not a priority, then we almost get stuck in this cycle of health always being last.

Health appointments being delayed or dropped

For some Tasmanians, the financial pressure is forcing even tougher choices.

Woman standing in front of a brick wall leading to a dock full of boats.

Amy Dakin says she can’t even think about getting a gym membership with all the other costs of living on her mind. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Amy Dakin, who lives with a compromised immune system, often has no choice but to delay essential care.

“My health needs to be prioritised, but your bills come first, really,” she said.

Woman standing in front of a carpark.

Jordyn Rowbottom says she’s not the only one changing her hobbies to save on costs. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

Jordyn Rowbottom has seen the same pattern around her.

“People are being forced to cut what they can access,”

she said.

Professor Norris warns that these short-term decisions can create long-term harm, not just for individuals, but for the broader health system.

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She said the combination of financial pressure and reduced physical activity would create a public health challenge.

Trainers adapting to shrinking budgets

Personal trainer Nickola Orr works with clients across different income levels, ages and needs. 

She said affordability now shapes almost every program she designs.

“You want to make sure they can get as much help as they can within their price range,”

she said.

GYM

Nickola Orr is concerned about access to fitness and health services in the face of rising cost pressures. (ABC News: Jake Grant)

With the median individual spend on fitness in Tasmania sitting at almost $600 last year, Ms Orr said the warning signs were already visible.

“We’re going to see more results of long-term neglect; higher injuries, more need for mental health assistance. It’s going to snowball.”

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Her concerns echo Professor Norris’s academic findings that once healthy routines break down, the consequences ripple for years.

“The changes are very small … while they add up over time, there is no immediate impact,”

Ms Orr said.

Calls for more free and low-cost options

Mr Mathewson hopes the success of free community classes will inspire governments and private operators to expand accessible fitness programs.

“More free options would be a great thing. There are a few now, but there should be more,” he said.

The Tasmanian government has said it will release its 20-year preventive health strategy this month, titled The Health Revolution.

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A Department of Health spokesperson said the strategy “will address the broader social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health and wellbeing”.

“Specific issues about access to health services and programs are being considered through the Access to Health Services project, a Commonwealth-State partnership.

The Health Revolution will complement that project by addressing the root causes of poor health and the underlying conditions to make it easier for Tasmanians to live well.

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