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Fast-track your fitness with five minutes of exercise each day

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Fast-track your fitness with five minutes of exercise each day

Oscar-winning actress Helen Mirren has been following a simple, 12-minute exercise routine for six decades. She is an advocate of the Royal Canadian Air Force women’s exercise regimen, also known as XBX or the ‘10 basic exercises,’ a programme designed in the 1950s.

I have always believed in short snatches of exercise: Sit-ups after getting out of bed, press-ups while waiting for the kettle to boil, and standing on one leg while brushing my teeth.

New research reports that even a short, daily bodyweight workout can offer impressive benefits for people who have little time to exercise.

A recent study published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology found that just five minutes of daily strength training for four weeks significantly improved physical fitness and mental health in sedentary individuals.

The exercises consisted of bodyweight eccentric exercises performed at home. Eccentric exercises are where muscles contract while lengthening, such as when lowering your body during a squat or a bench press.

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For the study, 22 sedentary, but otherwise healthy, individuals, aged 32 to 69, undertook daily exercises consisting of 10 repetitions each of chair squats, chair reclines, wall push-ups, and heel drops.

They were required to follow strict guidelines on how to perform the exercises. These included lengthening the eccentric (or lowering) phase of each repetition for five seconds, followed by the concentric (or elevating) phase for approximately one second. The chair squat, for example, would involve sitting down slowly for five seconds and standing up as normal.

This approach to strength training is a proven formula based on established principles, incorporating progressive overload through a combination of exercises that targets most muscle groups.

Adherence to the programme was impressive, at 91%, with participants completing 18-28 sessions over 28 days. There were no significant changes in body composition, resting heart rate, or blood pressure after 28 days of training. However, significant improvements were seen in overall physical fitness and mental health.

In terms of physical fitness for the overall group, the ability to perform the isometric mid-thigh pull improved by 13%, push-up endurance improved by 66.1%, sit-ups by 51.1%, and sit-and-reach flexibility by 9.1%, while the three-minute step test heart rate decreased by 4.8%.

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Mental health scores also significantly improved, by 16% overall, and a subjective vitality assessment by 20%.

The researchers concluded that, overall, a five-minute daily exercise routine over four weeks significantly improved physical fitness and mental health in sedentary individuals, suggesting that even a small dose of exercise performed daily can be of real benefit. The high levels of adherence to the programme are reassuring, indicating that new long-term habits were being formed.

This accessible routine could provide a gateway to regular exercise participation for people who are sedentary, helping individuals overcome barriers associated with perceived lack of time, said lead researcher Professor Ken Nosaka, from Edith Cowan University, Australia.

For people who have desk-bound jobs, another study found that taking five-minute walking breaks every hour could make a significant difference.

Researchers at the University of Colorado found that it helped boost people’s mood, increased energy levels, and decreased their appetite. In the study, participants who took short walks every hour reported feeling better than those who either sat all day or took a longer walk in the morning.

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Notably, the five-minute breaks didn’t significantly affect their ability to concentrate.

For people who want to take their exercise a step further, a study led by Dr Keith Diaz, from Columbia University, found that taking five-minute walking breaks every 30 minutes significantly reduced blood sugar spikes and lowered blood pressure, compared to prolonged sitting.

For people who want to take their exercise a step further, a study led by Dr Keith Diaz, from Columbia University, found that taking five-minute walking breaks every 30 minutes significantly reduced blood sugar spikes and lowered blood pressure, compared to prolonged sitting. Participants also reported that their mood had improved and they felt less tired.

People who are time poor, but have ambitions to improve their exercise performance, may want to check out the work of Dr Martin Gibala, professor of kinesiology at McMaster University, Canada, and author of The One-Minute Workout.

He argues that short bouts of intense exercise — such as one minute of hard effort within a 10-minute routine — can significantly improve cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, and muscular endurance.

“Intensity is more important than duration,” Gibala wrote.

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“Relative to all sorts of health benefits, it is more time efficient to exercise hard for a short amount of time than it is to exercise easy for a long amount of time.”

His signature ‘One-Minute Workout’ goes as follows:

  • Warm-up: 2 minutes easy cycling or jogging
  • Sprint: 20 seconds all-out effort (e.g., cycle, sprint, stair run)
  • Recover: 2 minutes of light movement
  • Sprint: 20 seconds all-out
  • Recover: 2 minutes of light movement
  • Sprint: 20 seconds all-out
  • Cool-down: 3 minutes of light activity

According to Gibala’s research, the results are similar to those of 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise.

We are often told that being fit demands hard work, dedication and, above all, time. Or does it?

The research suggests that less time is required than you think.

  • Dr Catherine Conlon is a public health doctor
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Fitness

Ditch sit-ups and crunches — this 5-move standing abs workout will help you build a stronger and more sculpted core

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Ditch sit-ups and crunches — this 5-move standing abs workout will help you build a stronger and more sculpted core

The beauty of a standing abs workout is that you do not need a mat, much space, or to get down on the ground for any of the exercises. That makes it easy to fit into a busy day, whether you are working out at home, short on space, or prefer to stay off the floor altogether.

None of that means it is easier or delivers fewer results. Pilates instructor and Balance Body Educator Portia Page built this five-move, all-standing core workout to show that you can still challenge your abs effectively without a mat or traditional floor exercises.

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The future of fitness: How AI coaches are changing the way we exercise

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The future of fitness: How AI coaches are changing the way we exercise

Fitness and health apps have been promising “smart coaches” and “personalised training plans” for years. But, to date, most programmes have been like online shopping recommendations, with exercises broadly matching your demographic profile and performance level.

However, the rapid advances in real-time image recognition, generative AI and natural language processing are bringing an AI coach worthy of the name within our grasp. And not just for high-tech gyms like Lumin, but also for people working out at home or in the park. Peloton, for example, films how you exercise and provides feedback in real time. Google has also announced AI-powered personalised fitness and health advice for its Fitbit range.

HYROX pro athlete Jake Dearden putting in the work on an indoor bike

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© Baptiste Fauchille/Red Bull Content Pool

Market analysts think the AI fitness market could be worth close to $35b USD by 2030. But how close are we to that future? Which company is training up the supertrainer? And how will that change the way we exercise, sweat and track our progress? And what do we need to know about this new world?

Harnessing AI’s potential to make personalised training available to all

Lucy Charles-Barclay prepares for training in London, England, on July 14, 2021.

Most fitness apps give generic exercise suggestions

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© Patrik Lundin/Red Bull Content Pool

Confidence Udegbue has the perfect CV for designing an AI coach. The Vice President of Product at fitness app Freeletics studied electrical and computer engineering and teaches fitness classes in his free time. His broad shoulders, muscular biceps and infectious spirit are a dead giveaway: this guy knows what he’s talking about.

“In the gym, I can see immediately when someone I’m teaching is making a mistake,” says Udegbue. “But that expertise is hard to scale.” Freeletics is trying to solve that problem with AI. The app has been using a predictive algorithm since 2019 to suggest workouts based on demographic data and self-assessed fitness levels. This means that a 39-year-old man who has been training for two years and is at level 63 in the app won’t receive the same instructions as a 25-year-old beginner.

Freeletics uses AI-based motion analysis powered by models like those from Google’s MediaPipe framework, which includes BlazePose – the successor to the earlier PoseNet model. The models provide a skeletal muscle database that can replicate all types of exercises, for which Freeletics sports scientists then define the movements. That way, the system can assess whether that squat you just did went low enough.

Can an AI coach give useful real-time workout feedback?

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One of the most revered sabre fencers in the world, Olga Kharlan, checks her phone during training

World-class sabre fencer Olga Kharlan checks her phone

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In 2024, Freeletics introduced the Coach+ feature – an AI-powered chatbot with Freeletics expertise and access to anonymised data from over 59m user journeys. Users can ask the virtual coach questions like, “How can I build muscle mass?” or “I feel weak – how can I motivate myself?”

Freeletics is currently testing a version that will allow the app to see you work out. As of April, users have been able to record themselves exercising on their smartphones. “AI counts the reps and gives direct feedback,” Udegbue says. That is particularly helpful because even experienced athletes do not always perform pistol squats or burpees correctly.

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Democratising the personal coach experience

Max Verstappen of Oracle Red Bull Racing stretches before a F1 Grand Prix

Max Verstappen warming up before a F1 race

© Getty Images / Red Bull Content Pool

A personal coach was long the preserve of Hollywood actors, top models and CEOs – a highly competent service provider, always available whenever a slot opened up in their client’s busy schedule. They know their clients’ allergies, preferences and weak spots. They always know how to set the pace. Sometimes they’re pushy, sometimes they go easy. They are a mix of therapist, personal assistant and best friend – open 24/7, all major credit cards accepted.

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In the soccer world, the manager is often called “boss” – a figure of respect who takes care of the players both on and off the field. A good coach can tell when something is off in a movement – when the person’s mind is elsewhere, or they’re lacking energy. Anyone who has had that person in their life knows that a good coach is worth their weight in gold, which is why there are coaches for everything – careers, relationships, nutrition – and why the idea of a personalised fitness coach is so appealing.

AI has no body or talent. It doesn’t know what it feels like for sweat to run down the skin or for muscles to cramp or for adrenaline to rush through the veins. But it does recognise patterns and make predictions that we humans can use increasingly often and, in the best-case scenario, find out more about ourselves in the process.

How AI will allow us to ‘chat with our body’

Mutaz Barshim powers through a workout in the gym

High-jump star Mutaz Barshim lifting heavy

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© Diaa Amer/Red Bull Content Pool

Mirrors show you how you see yourself. But the Magic AI Mirror promises that you will like what you see if you follow the exercises and tips on the reflective screen. Behind the glass surface is an AI coach who steers your workouts in real time.

Growl goes even deeper into movement detection. The start-up has developed an exercise boxing bag that captures every movement with 3D cameras and Lidar (light detection and ranging) technology. AI corrects your posture or encourages you when your energy decreases.

Whoop’s fitness trackers combine biometric data with generative AI. If you’re wondering when you got your best sleep, you’ll get a precise answer: “On July 14, because the allergy season was over and you didn’t drink alcohol.” You can chat with your body.

Freeletics is also banking on predictive AI. “Soon the system will recognise that user X has had an increased resting heart rate for days, so I won’t suggest high-intensity exercises,” says Udegbue.

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The vision all companies are working on is a multimodal coach: AI that unlocks information – biometrics, genetics, video, training history – and conveys it intuitively to the user. But a perfect coach is more than just an algorithm. Researchers are working on reinforcement learning systems that set individual step goals that are challenging but achievable, and adapt whenever progress has been made.

The power of human and AI combined

Adriano de Souza in seen during the video recording of Se Prepara series in Florianopolis, Brazil, on April 30, 2019.

Training is possible anywhere

© Marcelo Maragni/Red Bull Content Pool

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“We will not be able to deliver on the promise of absolute personalisation for the mass market,” Eskofier says. But before you lose hope, you should know what he means by personalisation.

His laboratory supports, among other people, Sebastian Steudtner, the big wave surfer and world record holder. To do this, they measured his body in an MRI scanner, carried out psychological assessments, calculated strength curves and even fitted his surfboard and wetsuit with sensors.

Eskofier’s team created Steudtner’s digital twin. By the time the project concluded in May 2025, their AI system could already discuss with a real coach what angle Steudtner should surf a 100-foot wave at, and whether he’d be strong enough to do it.

The one thing AI will never change in fitness training

Constantin Popovici of Romania stretches at the athletes' area during the training day of the final stop of the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series in Boston, USA, on September 18, 2025.

No equipment, no excuses – embrace the simplicity of pure movement

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“We can’t offer that service to millions of people,” Eskofier says. “But these systems can still create real added value.” He believes AI coaches are a good base: “AI can take over data processing and routine personalisation, while real coaches can focus on mentoring.”

AI coaches are getting smarter all the time, too, which is why it’s important to know what they can and can’t do. Limited data sets can lead to bias if too few women or people of below-average height are represented in the data.

“No matter how good the technology gets, one thing will never change,” says Udegbue. “A coach can only make you better if you want to be better yourself, too.” It’s all in your hands.

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The Case for Ditching Your Fitness Trackers

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The Case for Ditching Your Fitness Trackers

Credit: René Ramos/Lifehacker/ZaZa studio/Adobe Stock/Andriy Onufriyenko/Moment/Vadym Kalitnyk/iStock/Getty Images


I have a love-hate relationship with the smartwatch on my wrist. This relationship is no doubt shaped by the fact that I write about fitness tech for a living, but I know I’m not alone in succumbing to an obsession with numbers from my wearables. Did I hit 10,000 steps? What’s my resting heart rate today? Is my sleep score better than yesterday’s? When did progressive overload turn into screen time overload, too?

The fitness tech boom is showing no signs of slowing down any time soon—and with it, we consume a constant stream of promises that this data will make us healthier, stronger, and faster. With the sheer amount of health insights potentially available to us at any time, it’s easy to get overwhelmed. I’ve watched my least health-anxious friends become consumed by metrics they’d never heard of two years ago. They’re tracking bone density trends, obsessing over cortisol levels, panicking about stress scores that fluctuate for reasons no algorithm can fully explain. I can feel my fitness trackers pull me away from genuine wellness and into a mental health disaster. The good news: When I look up from my screens and start talking to real people, I see I’m not alone in wanting to unplug and push back against the overly quantified self.

A growing anti-tech fitness movement

When I put out a call on Instagram asking people about their relationship with posting workout data and fitness content, I received hundreds of responses from people exhausted by the performance of fitness. Even if your only audience is your own reflection, simply owning a wearable can create a real barrier between feeling good about your body and your fitness journey. Did I work out enough today? Will my friends see that I skipped a workout? Should I push through injury to maintain my streak?

For these reasons, celebrity trainer Lauren Kleban says she doesn’t like to rely on wearables at all. “Counting steps or calories can quickly spiral into a bit of an obsession,” says Kleban, and that “takes the joy out of movement and away from learning what’s truly best for us.” She says her clients want to focus on their mind and body connection, now more than ever. There’s a real, growing desire to rebuild a sense of intuition that doesn’t depend on feedback from a watch.

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Similarly, Marshall Weber, a certified personal trainer and owner of Jack City Fitness, says that he’s “definitely been surprised by the growing push towards unplugged fitness,” but that he “totally gets it.” Weber says he’s had clients express feeling “overwhelmed with their Fitbit or Apple Watch micromanaging their training.” When every workout becomes about numbers and keeping up with an average, it’s all too easy to lose touch with your body. “The anti-tech movement is about taking back that personal connection,” Weber says. After all, when was the last time you finished a workout and didn’t immediately look at your stats, but instead just noticed how you felt?

This is the paradox at the heart of fitness technology. Tools designed to help us understand our bodies have created a new kind of illiteracy. Maybe you can tell me why you’re aiming for Zone 2 workouts, but can’t actually recognize what that effort feels like without a screen telling you. In a sense, you might be outsourcing your own intuition to algorithms.

If nothing else, the data risks are real. (Because if you think you own all your health data, think again.) Every heart rate spike, every missed workout, every late-night stress indicator gets recorded, stored, and potentially shared. Still, for me, the more insidious risk is psychological: the erosion of our ability to know ourselves without consulting a device first.


What do you think so far?

How to unplug and exercise intuitively

So what does unplugged fitness actually look like in practice? It’s not about rejecting all technology or pretending GPS watches and heart rate monitors don’t have value—I promise. Look, I crave data and answers as much as—and maybe more than—the average gym-goer. I’m simply not woo-woo enough to ditch my Garmin altogether.

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Instead, I argue for re-establishing a hierarchy in which technology serves your training, not the other way around. “Sometimes, the best performance boost is just learning to listen to what your body is saying and feeling,” says Weber. But what does “listening to your body” actually look like?

If you’re like me, and need to rebuild a connection with your body from the ground-up, try these approaches:

  • Start with tech-free workouts. Designate certain runs, yoga sessions, or strength workouts as completely unplugged. No watch, no phone, no tracking. Notice what changes when there’s no device to check.

  • Relearn your body’s signals. Can you gauge your effort level without looking at a heart rate monitor? Do you actually know what “recovery pace” feels like for you, or are you just matching a number? Practice assessing fatigue, energy, soreness, and readiness without checking your watch.

  • Replace metrics with sensory awareness. Instead of tracking pace, notice your breathing pattern. Instead of counting calories burned, pay attention to how your muscles feel. Instead of obsessing over sleep scores, ask yourself a simple question in the morning: how do I actually feel?

  • Set goals that can’t be gamified. Rather than chasing step counts or streak days, aim for qualitative improvements. Can you hold a plank with better form? Does that hill feel easier than last month? Are you enjoying your workouts more? These are the markers of real progress.

  • Create tech boundaries. Maybe you use your GPS watch for long runs but leave it home for everything else. Perhaps you track workouts but delete the social features. Find the minimum effective dose of technology that serves your goals without dominating your headspace.

  • Reconnect with in-person community. The loss of shared gym culture—people actually talking to each other instead of staying plugged into individual screens—represents more than just nostalgia. There’s real value in working out alongside others, in having conversations about training instead of just comparing data, in building knowledge through shared experience rather than algorithm-driven insights.

The bottom line

Unplugging is easier said than done, but you don’t need to go cold turkey. Maybe in the new year, you can set “body literacy” as a worthwhile resolution. At the end of the day, exercise should add to your life, not become another source of performance anxiety. It should be energizing, not exhausting—and I don’t just mean physically. The never-ending irony of modern fitness culture is that in our pursuit of optimal health, we keep inventing new forms of stress and anxiety. When all forms of wellness come with trackable metrics and social pressure, I think we’ve fundamentally missed the point.

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